• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.717-728
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• 2019

창의융합 인재 양성의 중요성으로 우리나라 교육과정도 융합과 통합교육을 지향하며 많은 변화가 있었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 과학과 교육과정의 변화와 더불어 최근 10년간 과학교사들의 통합과학 교육에 대한 인식과 전문성이 어떤 변화가 있는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해 서울과 경기도 소재의 2007 개정 교육과정이 적용되고 있었던 2008년도의 초·중등 과학교사 359명과 2015 개정 교육과정이 적용되고 있었던 2018년도의 초·중등 과학교사 360명을 대상으로 통합과학교육에 대한 인식과 전문성(PCK)에 대하여 10년간의 변화를 살펴보았으며, 분석 결과에 따른 결론은 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 2018년 초·중등 과학교사들은 통합과학교육에 대한 인지가 통계적으로 유의미하게 높아졌음에도 불구하고 '보통' 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 통합과학교육의 성공적인 안착을 위해 교사의 전문성 향상, 교수학습 자료의 제공, 학습내용의 축소, 학생 수 감소와 시간표의 융통성 확보, 학생과 학부모의 통합과학교육에 대한 인식 확대의 필요에 대한 인식도 유의미하게 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 자기진단에 의한 PCK 조사 결과, 교과 내용 지식 확보 능력, 통합과학교육과 관련된 교육과정의 이해와 수업 구성 능력, 통합적 교수 전략 능력, 통합적 수업을 위한 교수학습 환경 조성 능력, 통합과학교육의 전문성 향상을 위한 노력 등 통합과학교육에 대한 교사들의 PCK는 10년 전에 비해 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 최근 융복합 교육의 강조로 현장에서 융복합 수업의 적용 경험이 많아졌으며, 교육 패러다임의 변화에 부합하고자 하는 과학교사들의 지속적인 노력의 결실로 보여졌다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.275-286
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• 2023

Cancer immunotherapy has been acknowledged as a new paradigm for cancer treatment, with notable therapeutic effects on certain cancer types. Despite their significant potential, clinical studies over the past decade have revealed that cancer immunotherapy has low response rates in the majority of solid tumors. One of the key causes for poor responses is known to be the relatively low immunogenicity of solid tumors. Because most solid tumors are immune desert 'cold tumors' with antitumor immunity blocked from the onset of innate immunity, combination therapies that combine validated T-based therapies with approaches that can increase tumor-immunogenicity are being considered as relevant therapeutic options. This review paper focuses on immunogenic cell death (ICD) as a way of enhancing immunogenicity in tumor tissues. We will thoroughly review how ICDs such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis can improve anti-tumor immunity and outline clinical trials targeting ICD. Finally, we will discuss the potential of ICD inducers as an adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1997

The objective of this paper is to think about what structural reforms of the Korean government S&T development management system might be. Korean society is currently experiencing a drastic socio-economic transformation. The results of this transformation should be reflected on the determining process of the directions and breadths of structural reforms of government S&T development management system. Because the government system design will be based on the premises of socio-economic conditions under which administrative activities perform and also this socio-economic changes can influence on changes of the premises of government management system design. Moreover, S&T development management system is a subsystem of government system so that the directions of structural reform of those subsystems should be considered in the broad framework changes in the development management system of the government. For the last forty years, the Korean government S&T development management system has been based on the premises including transformation from an agrarian society to an industrial society, authoritarianism and centrally controlled institutions, and exteremely small portions of private investments for science and thechonology R & D of the total. Recently, however, the premises of Korean government S&T development management system have rapidly changed. the characteristics of these changes are including tranformation from an industrial society to a knowledge and information intensive society, globalization, localization, and relatively large portion of private investments for science and technology R & C of the total. The basis of government reforms in Korea was the realization of the performances and values through the enhancement of national competitive capacity, attainment of lean government, decentralization and autonomy. However, the Korean government has attached a symbolic value of strategic organizations representing strong policy intentions of government for the science and technology based development. Most problems associated with the Korean government S&T development management system have grown worse during 1990s. Many people perceive that considerable part of this problem was generated because the government could not properly adapt itself to new administrative environment and the paradigm shift in its role. First of all, the Korean government S&T development management system as a whole failed to develop an integrated vision under which processes in formulating science and thechology development goals and developing consistent government plans concerning science and technology development are guided. Second, most of the local governments have little organizational capacity and manpowers to handle localized activities to promote science and technology in their regions. Third, the measure to coordinate and set priorities to invest resources for the development of science and technology was not effective. Fourth, the Most has been losing its reputation as the symbol of ideological commitment of the top policy maker to promote science and technology. Various ideas to reform government S&T development management system have been suggested recently. Most frequently cited ideas are as follow : (ⅰ)strengthen the functions of MoST by supplementing the strong incentive and regulatory measures; (ⅱ)create a new Ministry of Education, Science & Technology and Research by merging the Ministry of Education and the MoST; (ⅲ)create a new Ministry of Science & Technology and Industry ; and(ⅳ)create a National Science and Technology Policy Council under the chairmanship of the President. Four alternatives suggested have been widely discussed among the interested parties and they each have merits as well as weaknesses. The first alternative could be seen as an alternative which cannot resolve current conflicts among various ministries concerning priority setting and resource allocation. However, this alternatives can be seen as a way of showing the top policymaker's strong intention to emphasize science and technology based development. Second alternative is giving a strategic to emphasize on the training and supplying qualified manpower to meet knowledge and information intensive future society. This alternative is considered to be consistent with the new administrative paradigm emphasizing lean government and decentralization. However, opponents are worrying about the linkages and cooperative research between university and industry could be weakening. The third alternative has been adopted mostly in nations which have strong basic science research but weak industrial innovation traditions. Main weakness of this alternative for Korea is that Korean science and technology development system has no strong basic science and technology research traditions. The fourth alternative is consistent with new administrative paradigms and government reform bases. However, opponents to this alternative are worried that the intensive development of science and technology because of Korea's low potential research capabilities in science and technology development. Considerning the present Korean socio-economic situation which demands highly qualified human resources and development strategies which emphasizes the accumulations of knowledge-based stocks, I would like to suggest the route of creating a new Ministry of Education, Science & Technology and Research by intergrating education administration functions and science & technology development function into one ministry.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.2292-2313
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• 2023

With improving computing performance, various digital platforms are being developed to enable easily utilization of high-performance computing environments. EDISON 1.0 is an online simulation platform widely used in computational science and engineering education. As the research paradigm changes, the demand for developing the EDISON 1.0 platform centered on simulation into the EDISON 2.0 platform centered on data and artificial intelligence is growing. Herein, a data framework, a core module for data-centric research on EDISON 2.0 digital platform, is proposed. The proposed data framework provides the following three functions. First, it provides a data repository suitable for the data lifecycle to increase research reproducibility. Second, it provides a new data model that can integrate, manage, search, and utilize heterogeneous data to support a data-driven interdisciplinary convergence research environment. Finally, it provides an exploratory data analysis (EDA) service and data enrichment using an AI model, both developed to strengthen data reliability and maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of research endeavors. Using the EDISON 2.0 data framework, researchers can conduct interdisciplinary convergence research using heterogeneous data and easily perform data pre-processing through the web-based UI. Further, it presents the opportunity to leverage the derived data obtained through AI technology to gain insights and create new research topics.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2013

계산적 사고는 최근 정보 교과의 교육과정과 컴퓨터 교육학계의 패러다임의 변화를 이끌고 있다. 하지만, 국외의 연구와 비교하여 국내에서는 아직까지 이에 대한 기본 연구가 매우 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 계산적 사고에 대한 정의, 학습 단계, 학습 요소를 국외 연구를 참조하여 전문가 설문을 통해 연구하였다. 또한 연구된 학습요소로 현재 사용되고 있는 중학교 정보 교육과정과 교과서를 계산적 사고관점에서 분석하였다. 연구의 결과로 계산적 사고 학습을 위해 필요한 3단계와 13가지의 학습요소를 추출할 수 있었고, 현재의 정보 교육과정에서 정보 수집을 비롯한 5개의 학습 요소가 제외되어 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 7종의 인정 정보 교과서는 10개의 학습요소가 포함되어 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.489-504
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• 2005

이 논문에서는 컴퓨터와 수학교육을 바라보는 두 가지 서로 다른 입장에 대하여 알아보고, 그 중 구성주의적(constructivist) 입장에서 컴퓨터 환경의 설계를 논의한다. 이를 위하여 컴퓨터와 수학교육을 위한 바람직한 기본 원리를 구성주의(constructionism) 시각으로 살펴본다. 나아가 이러한 바람직한 기본 원리를 '함수화'라는 용어를 사용하여 규정하고, 이를 통해 컴퓨터 환경 설계 방법을 모색해 본다. 이 연구를 통하여 우리는 설계 과정에 대한 논의가 부족한 상태로 학교 현장에 도입되는 기존 컴퓨터용 소프트웨어들에 대한 문제점을 인식하고, 새로운 환경의 설계 원칙과 과정에 대해 논의하고, 실제 구현한다. 그 예로 LOGO와 DGS를 새로운 대상의 도입을 통하여 통합하는 방안에 대하여 논의한다. 이 논문에서 구현한 새로운 대상은 LOGO와 DGS의 함수화 명령 체계를 모두 이용하여 만들 수 있고, 동시에 LOGO와 DGS의 함수화 명령 체계으로 변화하고 조작할 수 있는 대상이다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.881-886
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• 2018

지난 수십 년간, 컴퓨터 기술의 발전은 응용연구의 데이터집약형 연구라는 새로운 패러다임으로 변화를 가져왔다. 지리적으로 떨어진 연구자들에게 대용량 실험 데이터를 저장, 공유, 분석하는 환경이 요구되고, 우리나라는 연구 경쟁력 강화를 위해 국가과학기술연구망(KREONET)과 대용량데이터센터 등 국가 차원의 인프라를 서비스하고 있다. 특히, KREONET는 2016년부터 세계 주요 연구지까지 최대 100Gbps의 속도로 연결하는 네트워크를 제공하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국제간 협업을 지원하는 초고속 장거리 전송의 연구 환경으로서, 고성능 전송 노드와 계산 자원을 고속의 네트워크에 연동한 대용량 데이터전용의 전송플랫폼 시연 결과를 소개하고자 한다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.891-902
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• 2008

The software once developed enters in to the $2^{nd}$ phase of its useful operational life, where it performs its functions for which it has been developed. This is an important phase of software life, wherein the developers and users have to assess the performance of the software to prolong its operational life with efficiency, effectiveness and economy. Performance of the software is based on the measurement of the quality characteristics to ascertain that it is meeting or exceeding the needs of customers in terms of its functionality, usability, efficiency, reliability, availability, maintainability, portability etc. These software quality attributes defined under ISO 9126 provide an overall good framework for assessing the performance of the software. This paper describes a Software Performance Assessment (SPA) model using the Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) paradigm which has been applied to the operational software in real context with successful results.

• 아동학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2002

This paper analyzed historical changes in early childhood curriculums from the 19th century to the present. The early childhood curriculum model of the past was based on a modernistic perspective characterized by science, rationality, objectivity, absolutism, and universality. It had been developed in terms of early human resource development to maximize efficiency and rationality for the future. In recent years, however, change occurred in the paradigm of education with the application of phenomenology, analytics, and postmodernism. Newer models for early childhood curriculum include the Reggio Emilia and Developmentally Appropriate Practice, which constitute the current mainstream of early childhood curriculum.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2024

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new emerging networking paradigm that has adopted a logically centralized architecture to increase overall network performance agility and programmability. Combining network virtualization with SDN will guarantees for combined advantages of improved flexibility and network performance. Combining SDN with hypervisors divides the network physical resources into several logical transparent and isolated virtual SDN network (vSDN), where each has its virtual controller. However, SDN hypervisors bring several advantages as well as several challenges to its network operators as for the virtual appliances, their efficient placement, assurance of network performance is mandatory, and their dynamic instantiation with their migration. In this article, we provide a brief and concise review of network virtualization along with its implementation in the SDN network. SDN hypervisors types are discussed, and taxonomy is provided to demonstrate the importance of hypervisors in SDN. A comparison of SDN hypervisors is performed to elaborate on the vital hypervisor software along with their features, and different challenges are discussed faced by the SDN network. A framework is proposed to add combined functionalities of hypervisors to create a more effective and efficient virtual system. The purpose of the framework is to increase network performance through proper configuration of resources, software, control plane isolation functions with defined rules and policies.