• 전자공학회논문지S
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• 제35S권3호
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• pp.65-75
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• 1998

We consider connection-oriented wireless cellular networks such as the second generation wireless cellular networks and wirelss ATM networks. In these networks, a separate forward signaling channel is provided for the transmission of paging and channel allocation packets. When a call destined to a user is requested, all the base stations in the user's current location area broadcast the corresponding paging packet across forward signaling channels. By slot mode operation and paging group allocation for fusers in a location area, we can reduce relative power consumption level at battery-operated terminals. However, a sthe number of paging groups is increased for lowering relative power consumption level, a paging packet experiences higher delay to access the forward signaling channel. For the pre-negotiated quality-of-service level, paging packet delay level must be limited. In this paper, we consider static and dynamic multiplexing schemes for paging packets, and develop an analytical method for calculating paging packet delay and relative power consumption levels. Using this analytial method, we investigate the effect of network parameters on the paging packet delay and relative power consumption levels.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제25권B호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2005

We present a numerical analysis of the optimal group number for minimizing the average paging delay. In the analysis, we consider uniform distributions for location probability conditions and apply M/D/1 queueing model to paging message queues of cells. We also get the lower bounds of group numbers and investigate the minimum transmission capacity under average paging delay constraints. Minimizing the average paging delay is important because it means minimizing the amount of bandwidth used for locating mobile terminals. Therefore, the numerical results of this paper will be very useful in PCS system when designing its signalling capacity due to its simplicity and effectiveness.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.84-90
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• 2011

IP 기반의 이동 네트워크에서 페이징 메커니즘을 IP 계층에서 처리하는 기술(즉, IP 페이징)은 이동 단말의 전력 소모와 위치 등록 시그널링 부하를 감소시켜주며, 이기종 무선 액세스 기술들을 지원하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 그러나, 통신이 매우 빈번한 환경 하에서는 증가하는 페이징 시그널링 부하와 잦은 페이징 지연으로 인하여 오히려 IP 페이징의 사용은 역효과를 초래할 수도 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는, 이러한 IP 페이징의 문제점을 해결하고자, 이동 단말이 자신의 프로파일 정보에 기반하여 선택적인 위치 등록 및 페이징을 수행할 수 있도록 하는 비용 효율적인 IP 페이징 기법을 제안한다. 성능 평가 결과, 제안 기법은 IP 기반의 계층적 이동 네트워크에서 상당한 정도의 페이징 시그널링 부하와 잦은 페이징 지연을 감소시킬 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 경영과학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2006

To reduce the signaling tost of paging in mobile communication, sequential paging schemes are proposed by partitioning a location area into several paging areas such that each area is paged sequentially. Necessary conditions for the optimal partition of cells with delay bound are examined by considering the mobiles location probability at each cell. The Optimal Cell Partitioning (OCP) is proposed based on the necessary conditions and the fathoming rule which trims off the unnecessary solution space and expedite the search process. Two Heuristics, BSG and BNC are also presented to further increase the computational efficiency in real-world paging scheme for the next generation mobile systems. The effectiveness of the 1)reposed paging schemes is illustrated with computational results. The Heuristic BSG that performs the search in the most promising solution group outperforms the best existing procedure with the 6-69% gain in paging cost in problems with 100 cells.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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• pp.74-77
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• 1998

We consider connection-oriented wireless cellular networks. These networks employ dedicated radio channels for the transmission of signaling information. A forward signaling channel is a common signaling channel assigned to carry the multiplexed stream of paging and channel allocation(virtual circuit allocation) packets from a base station to mobile stations. The delay levels experienced by paging and channel allocation packets have serious effect on the utilization level of the limited radio channel capacity. While a slotted mode operation is used to reduce the power consumption level at mobile stations, it may induce an increase in packet delay levels. In this paper, we thus consider a multiplexing scheme for paging and channel allocation packets under which slots are dynamically allocated for the paging packet transmission. For this dynamic scheme, we develop an analytical method for deriving the delay characteristics exhibited by paging and channel allocation packets, and investigate the effect of network parameters on the delay level by using this method.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2010

In this paper, we try to improve the performance of the demand paging loader suggested to use the demand paging way that is not based on operating system. The demand paging switching strategy used in the existing operating system can know the recently used pages by running multi-processing. Then, based on it, some page switching strategies have been made for the recently used pages or the frequently demanded pages. However, the strategies based on operating system cannot be applied in single processing that is not based on operating system because any context switching never occur on the single processing. So, this paper is trying to suggest the demand paging switching strategies that can be applied in paging loader running in single process. In the Return-Prediction-Algorithm, we saw the improved performance in the program that the function call occurred frequently in a long distance. And then, in the Most-Frequently-Used-Page-Remain-Algorithm, we saw the improved performance in the program that the references frequently occurred for the particular pages. Likewise, it had an enormous effect on keeping the memory reduction performance by the demand paging and reducing the running time delay at the same time.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.126-134
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• 2005

Reducing energy consumption in mobile hosts (MHs) is one of the most critical issues in wireles/mobile networks. IP paging protocol at network layer and power saving mechanism (PSM) at link layer are two core technologies to reduce the energy consumption of MHs. First, we investigate the energy efficiency of the current IEEE 802.11 power saving mechanism (PSM) when IP paging protocol is deployed over IEEE 802.11 networks. The result reveal that the current IEEE 802.11 PSM with a fixed wakeup interval (i.e., the static PSM) exhibits a degraded performance when it is integrated with IP paging protocol. Therefore, we propose an adaptive power saving mechanism in IEEE 802.11-based wireless IP networks. Unlike the static PSM, the adaptive PSM adjusts the wake-up interval adaptively depending on the session activity at IP layer. Specifically, the MH estimates the idle periods for incoming sessions based on the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme and sets its wake-up interval dynamically by considering the estimated idle period and paging delay bound. For performance evaluation, we have conducted comprehensive simulations and compared the total cost and energy consumption, which are incurred in IP paging protocol in conjunction with various power saving mechanisms: The static PSM, the adaptive PSM, and the optimum PSM. Simulation results show that the adaptive PSM provides a closer performance to the optimum PSM than the static PSM.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권10호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2007

무선 IP 네트워크에서 단말의 이동성 지원 방법의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 기존의 IP 페이징 기법은 페이징 영역내의 라우터를 이동하는 idle 상태의 이동단말이 등록을 수행하지 않아 등록 메시지와 오버헤드를 감소시키는 효과가 있다. 하지만, 최근 IP 기반 무선 센서 네트워크에 대한 연구와 구현이 활발한 시점에서 IP 페이징 기법을 이러한 환경에 바로 적용할 경우 지속적인 페이징 신호 수신 시도로 인하여 이동단말이 전력을 과도하게 소비한다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하고자 센서 네트워크와 이동단말의 특징을 이용한 가변적 페이징 주기에 근거한 동기화된 간헐적 페이징 수신 기법을 제안한다. 수학적 분석의 결과는 제안하는 방법에서 이동성과 페이징 영역 내의 라우터의 개수가 감소할수록 단말의 전력 소모가 현저히 감소함을 보여준다. 또한 제안하는 방법에 사용된 파라미터를 조정함으로써 기존의 연속적 페이징 수신 기법으로의 전환은 물론 이동단말의 전력 소비 정보 및 간헐적 페이징 수신 기법으로 인한 지연 등을 조정할 수 있어 IP 기반의 무선 센서 네트워크에 효과적으로 적용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.32-40
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• 2011

For a NAND booting based embedded system, an application program on the NAND flash memory is downloaded to the RAM when the system is booted. In this case, the application program exists in both the RAM and the NAND flash so the RAM usage is increased. In this paper, we suggested the demand paging technique for the decreasing of the RAM usage for OS-less NAND booting based embedded systems. As a result of a benchmark test, 40~80% of the code memory usage was reduced with below 5% of execution time delay.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2000년도 춘계공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.220-222
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• 2000

이동통신 시스템에서 가입자수가 증가하고 다양한 서비스가 구현됨으로써 전체적인 장비 또는 자원에 대한 부하가 증가하고 있다. 특히, 셀의 반경이 작아지고 단문(Short Message)을 활용한 다양한 부가 서비스가 개발됨으로써 이와 관련된 정보를 전달하는 페이징 메시지의 분류도 복잡해지고 페이징 채널의 부하도 커지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저, 이동통신시스템에서 페이징 패널의 구조와 역할을 분석하고 페이징 채널에서 전송하는 메시지를 그 기능과 특성에 따라 분류한다. 긴급하게 전송되어야 하는 메시지를 보호하기 위한 우선권 부여 방법을 모색하고, 각 방법에 있어서 메시지 종류별 전송지연시간(Delay)을 수리적으로 도출하고 결과를 비교한다.