• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2009

최근 인쇄회로기판(PCB)의 제품트랜드는 박형화, 고밀도화로 대표되지만 휨(Warpage) 억제, 신뢰성확보와 같은 기술적 난제로 인해 박형화와 고밀도화에 많은 제약을 받고 있다. $B^2it$(Buried Bump Interconnection Technology) 공법은 기판의 핵심공정 중 하나인 드릴링 공정이 생략되어 인쇄회로기판을 낮은 제조비용으로 박형화할 수 있는 기술로 개발되고 있다. 본 논문은 $B^2it$공법이 적용된 인쇄회로기판의 열적-기계적 거동특성을 유한요소해석(FEA)을 통해 고찰한 논문으로서 패키징레벨에서 방열효과와 신뢰성 등에 벙프의 재료, 형상 등이 미치는 영향 등을 분석하였다. 해석결과에 의하면 $B^2it$공법이 적용한 인쇄회로기판은 기존 비아구조를 가진 인쇄회로기판에 비해 칩에서 발생하는 열의 확산이 신속하고 패키징의 휨을 억제하는데도 유리하며 칩에서 발생하는 응력도 낮추지만 솔더-조인트의 응력은 증가시키게 된다. 따라서 패키징의 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위해서는 범프의 형상, 재료 등을 패키징을 구성하고 있는 모든 요소들을 고려하여 최적화하는 것이 필요하다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in the degree of significance and satisfaction perceived by college students and ordinary consumers on the HMR product attributes. Comparison of the difference on HMR product attributes between ordinary consumers and college students who belong to the current and future consumption groups of HMR will provide information for clear marketing strategies and PR on target consumers from the aspects of companies. Also, overall difference on HMR was investigated through IPA(importance-performance analysis) on significance and satisfaction with each product attribute. This result will provide information to food companies that produce or supply HMR products to be supplemented and improved. Finally, IPA was conducted between groups on product attribute to find which difference exists between groups. This result is also expected to provide crucial information to companies as suggested in the first purpose. Research design, data, and methodology - The procedure of analysis is as follows. First, independent sample t-test was conducted on the significance and satisfaction on HMR product attributes. Second, with using IPA, the significance and satisfaction on HMR product attributes of the respondents were checked to investigate marketing strategy direction on overall HRM products. Third, the difference between generations was verified using IPA on the college student and consumer groups. According to this result, the direction of marketing strategy on HRM products was to be proposed to food companies. Results - It was known that consumers consider HMR product attributes statistically and significantly such as nutrient content(nutrition), country of origin, brand, main raw material, packaging, and awareness of manufacturer. They keep after purchase more importantly than college students who considered only volume and price than consumers. In comparison with the difference in satisfaction on HMR product attributes, the college student group was more satisfied than ordinary consumers only in flavor, condition of food additives, and volume. Also, HMR related food companies must maintain taste, cooking method, manufacturing date, expiration date, and safety on current products continuously. Finally, as a result of analysis from the groups, the attributes such as cooking method, manufacturing date, expiration date, and safety were considered significantly with high achievement by the two groups. It was known that college students considered food texture to be important, but consumers considered storage method to be important after purchasing it. Conclusions - There is necessity to differentiate effectiveness of products when releasing HMR products subject to consumers and college students. The result will give great assistance to the improvement of companies, produce or supply HMR products. It will also provide entry strategies on target groups of companies that are planning for entry. The factors that consumers commonly considered not to be significant were brand, package form(appearance), cooking time, and sale(purchase) location, which were found in the comparison with the groups that awareness about manufacturers and storage method after purchase corresponded to college students and that distribution route corresponded to ordinary consumers.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2010

세계경제 및 환경의 변화에 따라 농산물의 불안정적인 수급으로 인한 문제점이 노출되고 있으며, 우리나라의 경우 농산물의 안정적인 확보를 위하여 국가 전략적 차원에서의 해외농업투자의 필요성이 요구되고 있다. 하지만 정부차원의 지원 미진, 해외 농업에 대한 정보 및 기술 미비, 개발자금 확보의 어려움, 장기간의 투자금 회수기간, 사후관리 미흡 등의 이유로 성과를 이루지 못하고 있는 실정이며, 특히 해외 농산물의 국내 반입 시 관세의 장벽, 물류 유통비용 등으로 가격 경쟁력이 떨어지고 있어 국내에 반입되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 해외농업투자의 기본개념 및 실태를 살펴보고 해외농업투자의 필요성과 고려사항, 문제점 등을 도출하여 해외에서 재배된 농산물의 경쟁력을 위한 유통 측면에서의 개선방안을 정부의 간접적인 지원, 유통 현대화 및 유통정보기능 강화, 유통시설, 수송루트, 하역업무개선, 경쟁력 확보를 위한 정부의 정책적 지원, 교육 훈련을 통한 전문인력 양성 등 다섯 가지 측면에서 제시하였다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 1993년도 정기총회 및 제3차 학술발표회
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• pp.6-9
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• 1993

According to changes in population, economic conditions, life-stile and eating habits, the frui ts and vegetables market wi 11 be shi fted from processed (i. e. , canned) to fresh. Undressed fresh produce, consisting of washed, disinfected and peeled fruits and vegetables that either sliced or grated, are currently increased in demand by retail and institutional market which use them as salad components or in ready-to use foods, Main attributes of minimally processed fruits and vegetables are convenience and fresh-like quality. Minimally processed Products readily deteriorate in quality, especially color and texture, as a result of endogeneous enzyme enhanced respiration and microorganisms which lead to reduced shelf Iife. According to changes in population, economic conditions, life-stile and eating habits, the frui ts and vegetables market wi 11 be shi fted from processed (i. e. , canned) to fresh. Undressed fresh produce, consisting of washed, disinfected and peeled fruits and vegetables that either sliced or grated, are currently increased in demand by retail and institutional market which use them as salad components or in ready-to use foods, Main attributes of minimally processed fruits and vegetables are convenience and fresh-like quality. Minimally processed Products readily deteriorate in quality, especially color and texture, as a result of endogeneous enzyme enhanced respiration and microorganisms which lead to reduced shelf Iife. Thus. to prevent these undesirable changes , val'ious techniques such as controlled atmosphere (CA) storage, modified atmosphere OIA) storage, including vacuum packaging have been receiving considerable attention, Although milch research has been done to find optimal conditions for whole intact frui ts and vegetables, only limi ted information is avai lable on fresh cut. and other minimally processed products. 81 iced frui ts exhibi t increas~d ethylene production and respiration compal'ed to whole f, 'uits during distribution in response to tissue damage. As a result, accelerated senescence and enzymatic browning OCCUI', Recent l'esearch on minimally processed fl'uits and vegetables has mainly focused on methods to inhibit browning, due to ban on use of sulfur dioxide, In order to retard or prevent these physiological changes, val'ious al ternatives, reducing agents. acidulants, chelating agents and inol'ganic sal ts have been evaluated for use on fresh cut fl'ui ts. Al though some agents were effective replacement for sulfur dioxide. consum$\textregistered$I'S demandless use of chemical on such products. Shel~ life of minimally processed products has been extended by inhibition of metabolic reactions associated with loss of quality and by inhibition of aerobic spoilage caused by wide variety of microorganisms. Appl ication of ~I.-\ packaging, including vacuum packaging, retards the rate of respiration, prevents growth of aerobic spoilage organisms, inhibits oxidation and color deterioration. Tissue softening is another major problem in minimally processed products because enzymes re 1 a ted to ce 11 wa 11 degrada t i on are not inactivated. Various treatments have been investigated for retardation of the softening of sliced products. Some studies have concentrated on the application of an active packaging system with ~I, l. packaging and calcium infi 1 tration as possible measures to retain firmness of processed products. In my opinion, one important step for production of minimally processed frui ts wi th favorabl e color of cut surface and firm texture is the selection of better cultivar. As the view, changing tendency of fresh color by apple cultivars and relationship between the tendency and PPO activity will be discussed in the seminar. In addition to the topic, research result on quality enhancement of fresh apple slices by heat shock treatment will be introduced.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2010

Post-Harvest processing engineering is a field that studies prevention of the quality change of agricultural products during sorting, packaging, storage, and distribution after harvested. In distribution steps, agricultural products could be damaged by physical force, it is the main reason of low quality and they lost value of commodities. This study was performed to find the vibration characteristics of the peach, and to find the extent of the damage on the peach by fatigue stress. The vibration data was obtained on expressway and the vibration characteristics of peach was used to find the damage on the peach. To analyze the vibration characteristics of peach, the resonance frequency and vibration transmissibility were measured. The resonance frequency of the peach was 167.98 Hz and the transmissibility was 4.06 at resonance point. It was 150 ~ 250 Hz that the transmissibility was more than 1. And the transmissibility in simulated test was measured. When the trasmissibility was more than 1, the range was 15 ~ 65 Hz, and when it was less than 1, the range was 65 ~ 175 Hz. When the transmissibility was about 1, the range was 5 ~ 15 Hz. The damage and the vibration cycle numbers of peaches were compared with input frequency and acceleration. More damage and less cycle number happened in 30 Hz than in 62.5 Hz. The reason was that the transmissibility of 30 Hz was higher and the vibration displacement in lower frequency was more. The more acceleration and cycle number increased, the more the bruising volume of peaches increased. The bruising volume ratio for vibration fatigue was measured according to input acceleration and cycle number. Using measured data, regression models for bruising volume ratio(BVR) was developed as a function of the acceleration(A) and cycle number(CN) as follows. BVR = a * $A^b*$ $(CN)^c$

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제11C권3호
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• pp.327-336
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• 2004

DRM 기술은 사용 권한이 없는 사용자가 사용자 기기를 이용해 불법으로 디지털 컨텐츠를 사용하는 것을 방지하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 따라서 DRM 시스템을 구성하기 위해서는 기본적인 정보보호 기술들이 이용된다. 이는 무선 DRM의 경우에 있어서도 마찬가지다. 특히 디지털 컨텐츠를 암호화 기술을 이용하여 패키징하고 패키징된 디지털 컨텐츠를 사용하기 위해 필요한 패키징에 사용된 암호화 키를 PDA나 휴대전화기 같은 합법적인 무선 사용자 기기에 안전한 방법으로 배분하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문은 무선 DRM 표준안인 OMA의 규격을 준수한 무선 디지털 컨텐츠 배분에 사용될 무선 DRM 시스템의 구조를 제안하고 공개키 기법을 사용하여 디지털 컨텐츠 사용권을 배분하는 방식으로 무선 DRM 시스템 각 구성 요소들 사이의 프로토콜을 제안하고 설계 구현하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.491-496
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• 2012

Vegetable seeds are one of the most important key factors to determine the way of vegetable's production, distribution, processing and storage. Unfortunately, because of international exchange crisis in 1997, the most of main Korean seed companies were merged into foreign capitals. Currently, many domestic seed companies are incapable of their own survey and development of vegetable seed markets in foreign countries. To provide valuable seed market information for these companies, China, especially Yunnan and Guangdong provinces in China, was selected. Since China is one of the major vegetable seed importers. Also, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces are the most promising targets to export Korean vegetable seeds. The current status of vegetable production in China was analyzed with consideration of Yunnan and Guangdong provinces. The contents of survey and analysis are covering major vegetable crops' cultivation area, farm number, cultivation type, production amount, market price, farm income, packaging method, distribution type and amount of seed consumption. And particularly, major horticultural characteristics of leading varieties were presented to assist the development of exportable varieties of domestic seed companies. We assume the results of this study would be practically usable for the development of exportable varieties.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2017

본 연구는 절임배추의 유통 중 단기 유통시스템에 따른 이화학적 및 미생물학적 품질 변화에 대하여 알아보고, 그에 따른 품질지표를 평가하고자 실시하였다. 여름철에 제조한 절임배추는 탈수 후 바로 저밀도 폴리에틸렌 필름에 포장하거나 2% 염수와 함께 포장하여 실온유통시스템(conventional system)과 저온유통시스템(cold-chain system)을 갖춘 1톤 트럭에 각각 구분하여 적재하였으며 약 6시간 동안 유통하였다. 이화학적 및 미생물학적 변화로 품온, 염도, 산도, pH, 수분감, 일반세균, 젖산균, 대장균, 대장균군, 효모 및 곰팡이에 대해 조사하였다. 실온유통시스템의 경우 절임배추의 품온은 필름 내 염수포장 절임배추에서 $19.57^{\circ}C$, 필름포장 절임배추에서 $19.43^{\circ}C$, 저온유통시스템의 경우 필름 내 염수포장 절임배추에서 $10.73^{\circ}C$, 필름포장 절임배추에서 $12.90^{\circ}C$까지 증가하였다. 염도변화는 저온유통시스템의 경우 변화가 없었으나, 실온유통시스템의 경우 필름 내 염수포장 절임배추와 필름포장 절임배추에서 품온과 각각의 염도변화가 정의 상관성을 보이며 초기에 비해 1.2배 혹은 1.7배 더 높았다. 산도는 저온유통시스템에서 두 가지 포장조건 모두 약간 증가하였다. 실온유통시스템에서 필름 내 염수포장 절임배추의 총 호기성균과 젖산균수가 각각 7.62 log CFU/g 및 6.77 log CFU/g까지 증가하는 동안 필름포장 절임배추는 각각 5.62-5.85 log CFU/g과 4.33-4.83 log CFU/g의 범위를 나타냈다. 그러나 저온유통 시스템의 경우 유통시간 증가에 따른 유의미한 미생물학적 변화를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 절임배추 유통 시 저온유통 시스템을 이용한 경우 이화학적 품질 유지 및 미생물 제어에 효과적이며, 실온유통시스템을 이용한 경우 품온 상승에 따른 염도 및 미생물 변화에 유의해야 한다. 또한 염도, 총호기성균 및 젖산균은 실온유통시스템 내 품질지표로 이용가능하며, 산도는 저온유통시스템 내 품질지표로 이용가능하다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제11C권6호
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• pp.731-738
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• 2004

디지털 콘텐츠의 이용 증가와 함께 디지털 콘텐츠의 저작권 보호 및 유통이 점점 부각되고 있으며 이를 위한 디지털 저작권 관리(DRM, digital rights management) 기술은 다양한 종류의 디지털 콘텐츠 뿐만 아니라 저작권 권리를 보호하기 위해 적용 가능하다. 뿐만 아니라, 디지털 방송 기술 도입과 개인용 비디오 녹화기와 같은 저장 장치의 등장으로 저장되는 디지털 방송 콘텐츠에 대한 보호 기술도 요구되어 지고 있다. 현재 방송 콘텐cm에 대한 보호 방법은 특정 채널에 대한 시청자의 접근을 제어하는 제한 수신 시스템(CAS, conditional access system)으로, 이것은 디지털 방송 콘텐츠의 자유로운 콘텐츠 2차배포를 제한시킨다. 본 논문에서는 불특정 다수를 대상으로 방송되는 방송 콘텐츠에 대한 저장과 사용을 제어하고 자유로운 2차배포(superdistribution)를 허용하기 위해 암호화와 라이센스를 이용하는 DRM의 개념을 적용하고 각 부분들의 기능 검증을 위한 구현 결과를 보인다. 본 논문의 구현 시스템은 시청자의 STB(Set-top box)에 방송콘텐츠의 녹화를 허용하고, 사용자에 의한 2차배포가 가능하다는 장점이 있다. 따라서, 콘텐츠 제공자와 소비자 모두에게 신뢰성 있는 콘텐츠 보호 및 유통환경을 제공가능하다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

Purpose - This study analyzes loading efficiency by loading pattern for package standardization and reduction of logistics costs, along with the creation of revenue for the revenue review panel (RRP) of Membership Wholesale Clubs (MWC). The study aims to identify standard dimensions that can help improve the compatibility of the pallets related to display patterns preferred by the MWC and thereby explore ways to enhance logistics efficiency between manufacturers and retailers through standardization. Research design, data, and methodology - The study investigates and analyzes the current status based on actual case examples, i.e., manufacturer A and Korea's MWC (A company, B company, and C company), and thus devises improvement measures. To achieve this, the case of manufacturer A delivering to MWC was examined, and the actual pallet display patterns for each MWC were investigated by visiting each distribution site. In this study, TOPS (Total Optimization Packaging Software, USA) was used as the tool for pallet loading efficiency simulations the maximum allowable dimension was set to 0.0mm to prevent the pallet from falling outside the parameters, and the loading efficiency was analyzed with the pallet area. In other words, the study focused on dimensions (length x width x height) according to the research purpose and thereby deduced results. Results - The analysis of pallet loading patterns showed that the most preferred loading patterns for loading efficiency according to product specification, such as pinwheel, brick, and block patterns, were used in the case of the general distribution products, but the products were configured with block patterns in most cases when delivered to MWCs. The loading efficiency by loading pattern was analyzed with respect to 104 nationally listed standard dimensions. Meanwhile, No.51 (330 × 220mm) of KS T 1002 (1,100 × 1,100mm) was found to be the dimension that could bring about an improved loading efficiency, over 90.0% simultaneously in both the T-11 and T-12 pallet systems in a loading pattern configuration with the block pattern only, and the loading efficiency simulation results also confirmed this as the standard dimension that can be commonly applied to both the T-11 pallet (90.0%) and the T-12 pallet (90.7%) systems. Conclusions - The loading efficiency simulation results by loading pattern were analyzed: For the T-11 pallet system, 17 standard dimension sizes displayed the loading efficiency of 90.0% or more as block patterns, and the loading capacity was an average of 99.0%. For the T-12 pallet system, 35 standard dimension sizes displayed the loading efficiency of more than 90% as block patterns (the average loading efficiency of 98.6%). Accordingly, this study proposes that the standard dimensions of 17 sizes with the average loading efficiency of 99.0% should be applied in the use of the T-11 pallet system, and those of 35 sizes with the average loading efficiency of 98.6% should be reviewed and applied in the use of the T-12 pallet system.