• Korean Security Journal
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• no.54
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• pp.127-148
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• 2018

As the role and the importance of private security are emphasized in an independent way, as well as in a supportive way for police affairs, this study aims to figure out factors affecting job satisfaction of private security guards by investigating their job satisfaction. This study also suggests some solutions for improvement of their job satisfaction, such as enhancing task motivation and professionalism of private security guards. For the research were used SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 24 programs. Frequency analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and Crosstabulation analysis were performed as analytic methods. As a result of the study, the most fundamental factor in the job satisfaction of the private security guards was 'social recognition'. Social recognition forms when private security guards are trusted as professionals and the value of a job is enhanced. The policy recommendations to improve the job satisfaction of private security guards can be explained as follows. First, a government certification system should be established in an attempt to recruit professional private security guards. Second, in order to improve the work ability of private security guards, it is necessary to designate a special educational institution for a private security guards and provide systematic education. Third, the wage of private security guards should be readjusted to a realistic level. Fourth, it is necessary to secure substantial effect on the permission and the supervision of private security business. Finally, the business area based on public interest should be expanded.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.79-87
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• 2007

The interchanges of urban freeways have many problems with traffic operation due to high off-ramp flows and frequent congestion at adjacent intersections. The flow exiting from off-ramps is affected by the operational status and traffic volume conditions of the nearest signalized intersection. As a result, off-ramp flow cannot exit and the queue backs up the freeway mainline when queues from the signalized intersection form up to the junction of the off-ramp and street. The spacing between an off-ramp and an adjacent intersection is likely to determine the traffic conditions at the adjacent intersection. However, the current design guidelines do not consider such a factor. This study is to develop a model calculating the spacing between off-ramps and adjacent intersections considering the signal, traffic, and road conditions. The variables affecting the model in this study are effective green time (g/C), volume-capacity ratio (v/c), the number of lanes, and off-ramp volume. Various scenarios are designed to represent the effects of the variables and the road networks are constructed using VISSIM, which is a common traffic micro-simulation software package. The queue length is derived from VISSIM and this length is considered as the recommended spacing between the off-ramp and the adjacent intersection. Through the simulation analysis, regression models are developed to calculate the queue length reflecting the various conditions such as signals, traffic, and road configurations. The developed model can be used to create road design guidelines to determine the location of off-ramps in the planning stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 1997

To provide basic information for the development of refrigerated convenience foods for Koreans, 492 house-wives residing in Seoul and Kyunggi Province were surveyed concerning satisfaction of buying precooked convenience foods, frequency of using them, preferred Korean dishes, and willingness to buy the convenience foods if they are developed. Statistical data analysis was completed using SAS package program. The satisfaction mean score of the marketed precooked convenience foods was 2.73 out of 5 and the housewives were least satisfied with feed additives and sanitation factors. The factors affecting satisfaction in purchasing were sanitation, taste, variety of type, nutrition, price, and food additives for side-dishes sold refrigerated or at room temperature, and taste, sanitation, variety of type, price, nutrition, and food additives for frozen prepared foods in order respectively. The frequency of using the precooked convenience foods was generally low but that of using the pickled dishes, Jokbal Soondae, and frozen prepared foods was relatively high. The answer of 'the thought that meals should be prepared in households' was the primary reason for avoiding using the precooked convenience foods and 'no time to cook' was the most frequent answer among the reasons for using them. Currently, the precooked convenience foods were used for snacks mainly, but the usages to be expected to increase were for lunchbox, main dishes, snacks, side dishes, special occasions foods, and leisure foods in order. Based on preference and buying priority, the dishes needed to be developed as refrigerated convenience foods among Korean dishes were identified. The result showed that 'preference' was not consistent with buying priority and the housewives perceived the factor of 'convenience' more importantly than 'preference' in purchasing the convenience foods.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.23-34
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between clothing Brand Loyalty and lifestyles The questionnaire was administered to 644 males and females aged 30-40 in Taegu during November 24 to November 28 of 1997. Data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, reliability test MANOVA and ANOVA by using SPSS package. 1. The lifestyles of the responednts were classified into five types such as consumption-oriented, economics-oriented, social-oriented, family-oriented, and conservative-oriented type. 2. The results of clothing Brand Loyalty and lifestyle analysis were as follows; 1) In case of males, the group of consumption-oriented type and in case of females, three groups of consumption-oriented, social-oriented and family-oriented types had great concern for brand loyalty in lifestyles and brand loyalty. 2) With relation to brand loyalty and lifestyles, thirties-aged respondents had a positive tendency to brand loyalty in consumption-oriented and social-oriented types, but forties-aged ones had a positive tendency to brand loyalty in consumption-oriented, social-oriented and family-oriented types. 3) With relation among the academic careers, lifestyles and brand loyalty, three groups(consumption-oriented, social-oriented and family-oriented types) under high-school graduates made high response to brand loyalty, and two groups (consumption-oriented and social-oriented types) of college graduates showed something responsive to it and the consumption -oriented persons of graduate school and upward made response to brand loyalty. 4) With relation among an income, brand loyalty and lifestyles, three types(consumption-oriented, social-oriented and family-oriented types) of an income not exceeding one million and half won a month were related to brand loyalty. And two types(consumption-oriented and social-oriented types) of an income below two million won a month made high response to brand loyalty. And the consumption-oriented type of an income below three million won and more than three million and half a month made good response to brand loyalty. 5) In general relation between brand loyalty and five lifestyles, the consumption-oriented type made positive response to brand loyalty and the social-oriented type was in the second place and the family-oriented type ranked next to the social-oriented type. But the economics-oriented and conservative-oriented type were not related to brand loyalty. 6) It was found that there was a difference between brand loyalty and the same lifestyle according to individual characteristics.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.749-755
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the gap between perceived importance and performance of foreign Chinese students' off-campus restaurants selection attributes and to analyze the factors affecting their satisfaction with off-campus restaurants. All statistical analyses were conducted using the SPSS package program (ver. 20.0). In summary, Importance-Performance Analysis results indicated that 'price propriety', 'ventilation of dining room' and 'friendliness of employees' were key aspects that should be reinforced by off-campus restaurant managers. Additionally, exploratory factor analysis on the validity of the 23 attributes of off-campus restaurant selection resulted in the identification of 5 factors including 'food quality and price', 'physical environment and value', 'service environment', 'service quality', and 'convenience and cleanness'. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, 'service quality', 'service environment', 'food quality and price', and 'physical environment and value' had significantly positive effects on overall satisfaction. In conclusion, in order to increase customer satisfaction among Chinese students, off-campus restaurant managers should improve not only the quality of service and food, but also the physical and service environment.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.419-427
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• 2014

Purpose: We propose an effective marketing strategy for eyeglasses stores on the basis of surveys about the relationships between customers' social values, customer satisfaction and selecting glasses store. Methods: All 245 surveys were conducted about customers had visited the eyeglasses store located in Seoul and Northern Gyeonggi-do regions from January 1 to June 30, 2014, and it were analyzed by SPSS v.20.0 statistical package program. Results: The order of customers' social values factors which have an influence on 'Selecting Store' is "Society oriented", "Ability oriented", "Freedom oriented" and "Happiness oriented". Also, the order of customers' social values factors which have an influence on satisfaction is "Society oriented", "Ability oriented". In addition, Customer Satisfaction is affected by Service, one of the factor of 'Selecting Store' factors. Conclusions: Each type of marketing activities should be conducted for customers by their various values. The best plan to elicit good reactions from customers is meeting them through "Society-oriented" factors. Meeting with customers through the "Ability-oriented" factors is second only to the best option. It is shown that the method to increase the satisfaction for customers' return visit is to manage 'Service factors' well.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.65-77
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• 2018

Purpose - A trading area is very closely related to consumer life. A trading area is a cultural and social space that consumes culture and promotes human relationships as well as an economic space where consumers live their daily lives. In this context, a trading area research should be conducted objectively and empirically because it deals with the activities of consumer's life. The purpose of this study is to identify the intrinsic psychological motivation(push motivation) caused when consumers visit a trading area and to demonstrate how the push motivation for a trading area influence on consumer's flow, satisfaction, revisit intention. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to develop research hypotheses for this study, the development procedures for push motivation scale are as follows; (1) generating initial pool of items based on previous studies, (2) expert judgement to evaluate content and face validity, and (3) assessing convergent and discriminant validity using confirmatory factor analysis. In order to achieve these purposes, online surveys were conducted on frequent or familiar visitors to the trading areas around the Gangnam, Kunkuk University and Hongik University Station. Among the 1,343 questionnaires collected, 1,157 cases were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 statistical package program, except for 186 responses in which responses were judged to be unfaithful. Results - The push motivation was classified into five sub-dimensions of excitement/stimulus, rest/relaxation, exit/refreshing, knowledge/learning and human relationship promotion as multidimensional and complex factors composed of individual and social-related dimensions. The excitement/stimulus and human relationship promotion of push motivation have positive effects on satisfaction. However, all dimensions of the push motivation have positive effects on flow. And flow has a positive effect on satisfaction and revisit intention. Meanwhile, the mediation test using boostrapping shows that flow plays a full mediating role in the relationship between rest/relaxation, exit/refreshing, knowledge/learning and satisfaction, but a partial mediating rol e between excitement/stimulus, human relationship promotion and satisfaction. Finally, satisfaction plays a partial mediating role between flow and revisit intention. Conclusions - This study shows that the push motivation is multidimensional and compositive depending on the situation of a consumer. In addition, it is found that the human relationship promotion(a social-related motivation) has a much more important effect on flow and satisfaction than other push motivations of individual dimensions. It also shows that satisfaction increases when consumers are being flowed at their visit and degree of revisit intention also grows as satisfaction increases. As implications of this study, a marketer should try to understand consumer's visit motivation at first and then develop factors that increase their flow, satisfaction, revisit intention. It also requires a marketer to approach subjects on a trading area more objectively and empirically based on the psychology and behavior of consumers, in order to establish a proper and efficient strategy on development of a trading area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.59-65
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors and effects of job stress of construction workers on construction accidents and turnover intention in order to improve the field work environment of construction industry which shows higher industrial accidents than other industries. To this end, research models and hypotheses were established based on previous research, and the questionnaire was distributed to 10 construction companies in Daejeon, Sejong, and Chungcheong provinces. The 301 data collected were performed statistical analysis such as basic statistical analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and logistic regression analysis using the statistical package (IBM SPSS 22). The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, job stress has a significant effect on accident occurrence. Among the sub-factors of job stress, there was positive (+) influence on work culture and relationship conflict between peers, and organizational system had negative influence. Job demands, compensation incompetence, and job instability were not statistically significant. Therefore, it is necessary to concentrate on the factors of work culture, organizational system, and relationship conflict in the construction site. Second, job stress has positive effect on turnover intention. Job stress, inadequacy of compensation, and work culture were positively related to turnover intention. Third, job demands have a slightly greater impact than compensatory inadequacies. The factors that make the job turnover more important are the excessive job burdens such as respect, internal motivation, responsibility rather than expectation non-conformity, time pressure, increase of work load. Therefore, in order to reduce the turnover intention of the construction worker, it is necessary to pay attention to improvement of the job requirement. Fourth, the worker's job stress could overcome by exercise and fatigue elimination, work environment management, and self-opening for others. It is necessary to establish a work environment management system for counseling and intimacy formation to open up the exercise and fatigue relief program of the workers at the construction site and to open themselves between the workers and the supervisors.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-31
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational culture on organization and organizational performance, and it was targeting for 350 public officials (local governments, foundation under local governments, public corporation) who research work and consulting were implemented for. When it comes to the response to questionnaires, 313 copies out of 350 were verified on the research hypothesis of the research model by using statistical package programs of SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. Results of the research hypothesis on research model show that firstly, regarding the research hypothesis 1 that the organizational culture of public organization will have a positive (+) significant effect on learning organization, the organizational culture recognized by the organizational members of public organizations showed a positive influence on the learning organization. In other words, it showed that the organizational culture recognized by the organization members of public organizations is a major factor in building a learning organization. Secondly, regarding the research hypothesis 2, the result of the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance, that the organizational culture recognized by the organizational members of the public sector showed a positive influence and it implies the importance of recognizing and transforming the organizational culture of public organizations to improve organizational performance of public organizations. Thirdly, regarding the research hypothesis 3, the organizational culture recognized by the organizational members of public organizations showed an influence on organizational performance and also showed apositive(+) influence on organizational performance through learning organization. As the organizational culture recognized by the organization members in the public sectoris influencing the organizational performance through the learning organization, various implementation plans are required to improve organizational culture, improving learning organization, and improving organizational performance in accordance with the characteristics of public organizations.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.12 no.2 s.35
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• pp.167-174
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• 2005

Smaller size and higher integration of electronic components make smaller gap between metal conducting layers in electronic package. Under harsh environmental conditions (high temperature/humidity), electronic component respond to applied voltages by electrochemically ionization of metal and metal filament formation, which lead to short failure and this phenomenon is termed electrochemical migration(ECM). In this work, printed circuit board(PCB) is used for determination of ECM characteristics. Copper leads of PCB are soldered by eutectic solder alloys. Insulation breakdown time is measured at $85^{\circ}C,\;85{\%}RH$. CAF is the main mechanism of ECM at PCB. Pb is more susceptible to CAF rather than Sn, which corresponds well to the corrosion resistance of solder materials in aqueous environment. Polarization tests in chloride or chloride-free solutions fur pure metal and eutectic solder alloys are performed to understand ECM characteristics. Lifetime results show well defined log-normal distribution which resulted in biased voltage factor(n=2) by voltage scaling. Details on migration mechanism and lifetime statistics will be presented and discussed.