• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.192-192
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• 2022

Sweetpotato is rich in starch, which is converted to sugar during storage due to enzymatic hydrolysis. The sugar content of sweetpotato is a component related to taste and storability. In this study, the sugar content (fructose, glucose, maltose, sucrose and total sugar content) of 94 genotypes was evaluated and the GWAS (Genome-Wide Association Study) was conducted to search for candidate genes for sugar content. The fructose and glucose content were 0.2 ~ 8.8 and 0.2 ~ 9.4 g/100g, respectively. The maltose, sucrose and total sugar content were 0.2 ~ 9.1,3.2 - 30.0 and 7.9 ~ 40.2 g/100g, respectively. The fructose and glucose showed a positive correlation (0.98). The 94 genotypes were genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and aligned against the reference genome sequences of sweetpotato. The GBS libraries from 94 genotypes were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeqXten system, and 1,339,892 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) were generated. Filtering for < 60% missing rate and > 0.05 minor allele frequency resulted in a total of 44,255 SNPs used in GWAS. The GAPIT (Genome Association and Prediction Integrated Tool) was used to conduct based on the mean of sugar content with a Bonferroni-corrected chromosome-wide significance threshold with a -logio(P) of 5.95. The significant SNPs were obtained with fructose (seven), glucose (six), maltose (four) and sucrose (nine). There were several genes related to sugar content around the significant SNPs such as sugar transport protein 8-like, probable galactose-1 -phosphate uridyltransferase-like and beta-amylase. These results will contribute to understanding of sugar content and conversion in sweetpotato.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.4.1-4.9
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• 2024

Objectives: This study aims to correlate caries-causing microorganism load, lactic acid estimation, and blood groups to high caries risk in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals and low caries risk in healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: This study includes 30 participants divided into 3 groups: Group A, High-risk caries diabetic individuals; Group B, High-risk caries non-diabetic individuals; and Group C, Low-risk caries individuals. The medical condition, oral hygiene, and caries risk assessment (American Dental Association classification and International Caries Detection and Assessment System scoring) were documented. Each individual's 3 mL of saliva was analyzed for microbial load and lactic acid as follows: Part I: 2 mL for microbial quantity estimation using nutrient agar and blood agar medium, biochemical investigation, and carbohydrate fermentation tests; Part II: 0.5 mL for lactic acid estimation using spectrophotometric analysis. Among the selected individuals, blood group correlation was assessed. The χ² test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and post hoc analysis were done using Dunn's test (p < 0.05). Results: Group A had the highest microbial load and lactic acid concentration, followed by Groups B and C. The predominant bacteria were Lactobacilli (63.00 ± 15.49) and Streptococcus mutans (76.00 ± 13.90) in saliva. Blood Group B is prevalent in diabetic and non-diabetic high-risk caries patients but statistically insignificant. Conclusions: Diabetic individuals are more susceptible to dental caries due to high microbial loads and increased lactic acid production. These factors also lower the executing tendency of neutrophils, which accelerates microbial accumulation and increases the risk of caries in diabetic individuals.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.5 s.88
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• pp.517-523
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• 2001

Titanium miniscrews we being used increasingly as an anchorage for tooth movement, because they ate easy to place and to remove, increase the number of sites available, give minimum strain to patients regarding surgical procedures, and offer uneventful healing alter removal. The use of titanium miniscrews as an orthodontic anchorage has been reported in clinical case reports, but clinicians have experienced screw loosening when using such screws.' To our knowledge, there are no published reports evaluating the stability of miniscrews. Information about the length of miniscrews used in relation to the location is of some importance, as stability will vary depending on bone duality The purpose of this study was to evaluate a variety of Lengths of miniscrews (dimeter: 2mm) which were inserted in maxilla or mandible and to demonstrate in a dog model which miniscrew provides fundamental stability in the jaws. 10 mm long miniscrews in the maxilla and 8mm long: miniscrews in the mandible showed no clinical mobility and retained their position throughout an 8 weeks force (200g) application. The mucosal condition around the screws was healthy in cases in which miniserews were inserted in the alveolar bone between the roots and the head of the screws emerged into the attached gingiva. When the force application was terminated, radiographic analysis revealed neither rent resorption not periodontal pathology around the miniscrews that remained stable during the entire treatment period. This study suggests that if titanium miniscrews with adequate length are properly used depending on the location, they provide sufficient stability for orthodontic anchorage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.454-458
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• 2014

In this study, we examined the ionization rate and permeability of nanocalcium prepared from oyster shells with various particle sizes. Four particle sizes of the calcium samples were prepared by centrifugation according to their density disparity in alcoholic solution: NC (normal calcium), C-1 (supernatant of 1,000 rpm), C-2 (supernatant of 2,000 rpm), and C-3 (supernatant of 3,000 rpm). Particle sizes of NC, C-1, C-2, and C-3 were $2,280.3{\pm}64.3nm$, $521.3{\pm}83.3nm$, $313.9{\pm}29.5nm$, and $280.0{\pm}3.4nm$, respectively. C-3 showed a slight increase in ionization rate compared with the other calcium samples, but their differences were not significant. Dialysis membrane-employed analysis showed that nanocalcium permeability increased as its particle size smaller; 32% of C-3 nanocalcium was transported to the outside of the membrane, whereas C-1 showed a 25% transport rate. We determined the permeability of the nanocalciums by using rat intestinal sacs, in order to provide different intestinal environments depending on pH level. Nanocalcium generally showed a higher permeability at pH 7, which represents an ileum environments compared to the duodenum and jejunum environments at pH 4.2 and pH 6.2, respectively. However, C-3 calcium showed the highest permeability, followed by C-2, C-1 and NS calciums. This result shows that the size of calcium positively affected its permeability in the intestinal sac. Taken together, nano-sized calcium derived from discarded oyster shell shows improved permeability in intestinal environments.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.17-25
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• 1970

Juice were extracted from fresh leaves of 70 species of plants growing in Korea by mincing and pressing the resulting pulp through a cotton cloth. Leaf protein concentrates could be prepared from many species of land and water plants that are at present economically unimportant. The choice of plants is of considerable important. Total-N, protein-N and pH determinations were made on the extracts, and total-N remaining in the fibre were calculated. Leaf protein concentrates were precipitated from the extracts at $75{\sim}80^{\circ}C$, and analysed total-N as protein-N of products. The present paper deals with the calculated yields of leaf protein concentrates from various plants, relations between yield of leaf protein concentrates and total-N of leaves, or pH of extracts, and the amino acid compositions of leaf protein concentrates. Results are summarized as follows. 1. Spinach and radish were the best sources of easily extractable, but good results were also obtained with indian mustard, kail, chenopod, red bean, cucumber, squash, houndberry, white flowered gourd, potato, Humulus japonicus, arrowroot and soybean as a good resources for the production of leaf protein concentrates. 2. In general, the greater the protein content of leaves the greater the yield of leaf protein concentrates. However, there are some plants difficult to make a adequate protein extraction by a simple mechanical process. 3. It was to be expected that leaf protein concentrates would be more extractable with the higher pH of extracts. There were a poor yield of the leaf protein concentrate in the pH values lower than 5.50 of the first extracts. 4. Protein content of the leaf protein concentrate shows marked differences, depending on species and season. It ranged between 29 to 80% of protein contents. However, the majority of plants yielded products containing more than 50% of protein. Products containing more than 75% of protein were obtained from two species of radish and indian mustard. Cabbage and Digitaria sanguinalis cilialis (summer) made products containing 29 to 32% of protein. 5. The amino acid composition of leaf protein concentrates was not greatly altered by species of plants. On an amino acid compositional basis, the leaf protein concentrate has a favorable balance of essential and non-essential amino acids, the only exception being methionine, which was usually low in all cases.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.96-106
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• 2004

Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in roasting processes of perilla leaves to develop a high quality perilla leaf tea. The Hunter color parameters and electron donating ability were monitored to optimize organoleptic properties of perilla leaf tea. The roasting processes were based on the central composite design with primary variables-roasting temperature $(140{\sim}220^{\circ}C)$, time $(5{\sim}25)$, and reaction variables-sensory test, electron donating ability. From the variables, the roasting condition was optimized using statistical analysis system (SAS) program as developing the functional tea using perilla leaf. Hunter color L and b values of the powdered samples increased with the roasting processes, but Hunter color a value decreased. Electron donating ability was influenced by roasting temperature (p<0.01) and time (p<0.01), and optimum condition selected was at $220^{\circ}C$ for 15 min with coefficient of determinations $(R^2)$ above 0.98. After preference test of perilla leaf tea using parameter of taste, color, and flavor, we can estimate that the optimal roasting condition of preilla leaf for function tea manufacturing are $210{\sim}220^{\circ}C$ for $10{\sim}20$ min by response surface methodology (RSM). Tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase and electron donating ability were 10.14, 14.37 and 59.19% of perilla leaf tea.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1609-1619
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to identify the construct validity and reliability of a Korean version of the Wellness Evaluation of Lifestyle (K-WEL). A total of 345 nursing students completed the 99-item K-WEL. Construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using SPSS WIN 22.0 and AMOS 18.0. The final K-WEL consisted of 71 scored items, 14 subscales (self worth, work, spirituality, gender identity, love, friendship, realistic belief, leisure, exercise, nutrition, stress management, emotional responsiveness, sense of control, sense of humor) and 4 factors (essential, social, physical and coping self). Goodness of fit of the final research model was acceptable as shown by ${\chi}^2=225.12$, p<.001, CMIN/DF=3.17, RMSEA=.08, NFI=.87, IFI=.91, CFI=.91. The convergent validity and discriminant validity was evaluated by AVE (.61~.69) and C.R. (.79~.89). The Cronbach's alpha values were .55~.87 for the subscales of K-WEL. This study shows that the K-WEL is a valid and reliable measurement to assess multidimensional aspects of wellness.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

Experimental culture of Halocynthia roretzi was carried out near coast by Wolsung from January to August 1997 to investigate accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Cu) by H. roretzi, Water temperature, salinity, pH and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) were $10.7\sim25.2^{\circ}C$, $33.0\sim34.6\%_{\circ},\;8.25\sim8.49\;and\;3.84\ksim7.92\;mg/L$, respectively, The heavy metal accumulation in H. roretzi was in the order of Cu>Pb>Cd. Heavy metal concentrations in the organs showed following order; Gill${\geq}Viscera{\gg}$Gonad>Muscle>Mantle for Cd, $Gill{\geq}Viscera{\gg}$ Gonad> Muscle$ {\geq}$Mantle for Pb and Viscera>Gill${\gg}$ Gonad>Muscle>Mantle for Cu.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.288-294
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• 2005

Flavonoid compounds show several biological activities and generally exist in the forms of glycones linking sugar moiety to main structure. Flavonoid glycones such as naringin and hesperidin in korean citrus peel are slower absorbed and consequently less active than their aglycone, naringenin and hesperetin, respectively. Therefare to increase the content of flavonoid aglycone in korean citrus peel, we used commercial carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes, AMG 300 L, Pectinex 100 L, and Viscozyme for transforming flavonoid glycones to aglycones. Optimal conditions of enzyme reaction were pH 5.0-7.0, $5\%$ enzyme, and 24-48 hrs. The content of naringenin and hesperetin as flavonoid aglycones in untreated citrus peel is $100\~200\;ng/g$ of dried citrus peel. In case of enzyme-treated citrus peel the content of naringenin and hesperetin increased to $1,539\∼6,674\;ng/g\;and\;1,974\∼8,906\;ng/g$ of dried citrus peel, respectively. Finally the content of flavonoid aglycones could be extracted to 10-80 times. Now enzyme-treated citrus peel may be applied to use for functional food because of its higher flavonoid aglycones as more active compounds.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 1994

Oligonucleotides for a conserved region of the coat protein gene of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and a hammerhead structure ribozyme against CMV RNA were synthesized using a DNA synthesizer. Both strands of oligonucleotides were annealed and restricted with BamHI/SacI, then cloned into a plasmid pBS SK (+). The cloned CMV substrate and ribozyme were sequenced to verify correct constructions. In vitro transcriptions were carried out by using T7 RNA polymerase with BssHII or SspI digests of $1\;{\mu}g$ of substrate and ribozyme clones. The size of substrate RNA was 176 nucleotides (nt) containing 50 nt of CMV RNA sequence, 6 nt of XbaI restriction site and 120 nt of vector-derived sequence in the case of BssHII digest. The size of ribozyme RNA was 164 nt containing 40 nt of ribozyme RNA sequence and same sequences of substrate. Substrate RNA was efficiently cleaved into two fragments (96 nt and 80 nt) by ribozyme RNA. This endonucleolytic cleavage occurred more efficiently at $55^{\circ}C$ than $37^{\circ}C$. SspI digest-derived substrate RNA (2234 nt) was also cleaved into two fragments by the same ribozyme. SspI digest-derived ribozyme RNA (2222 nt) cleaved the above substrate to two fragments. In vitro-tested ribozyme construct is being cloned into a plant transformation vector to develop virus-resistant plants.