• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.645-653
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• 1999

연구배경 및 목적 : 급성 호흡 부전으로 인공 호흡 치료를 받는 환자들에서 인공 호흡기 적용 및 이탈 시에 혈역학적 변화에 의해 심근 허혈이 발생될 수 있으나, 이에 연관된 연구는 많지 않다. 본 연구는 급성 호흡 부전으로 인공 호흡 치료를 받는 환자들에서 혈역학적 변화가 가장 심하게 초래될 수 있는 치료 시작 시와 이탈 시에 발생하는 심근 허혈의 빈도 및 그 발생과 관련된 인자들을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 급성 호흡 부전으로 서울 중앙 병원 내과계 중환자실에 입원하여 인공 호흡 치료를 받은 73명, 95예(남 : 여=35 : 38, 연령=$62.8{\pm}17.3$)를 대상으로 전향적 연구를 실시하였다. 인종 호흡 치료 시작 (69예) 및 이탈 (26예) 시에 24시간 holter monitoring을, 인공 호흡 치료 기간 중 1회의 심초음파를 실시하였다. 이탈 측정치 26예 중에서 5예는 이탈 시만 측정되었다. 심근 허혈은 1.5mm이상의 upsloping ST depression이나 1.0mm 이상의 downsloping 혹은 horizontal ST depression으로 정의하였으며, 환자의 증증도의 지표는 APACHE III score를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 24시간 holter monitoring에서 심근 허혈이 나타난 경우는 총 12명 (12.6%)에서 관찰되었고, 인공 호흡 치료 시작 시 11명 (15.9%), 이탈 시 1명 (3.8%)으로 시작 시에 심근 허혈의 발생 빈도가 높았다(p=0.12). 심초음파상 좌심부전이 없었던 73예 중에서는 8예(10.9%), 있었던 22예 중 4예(18.2%)에서 심근 허혈이 관찰되어 좌심부전이 호흡 부전과 동반된 경우 심근 허혈이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 기존 심전도상 심근 허혈이나 이전의 심근 경색이 의심되었던 경우는 총 20예 (21.1%)로, 이중 2예 (10%)에서 심근 허혈이 관찰되어 유의한 상관 관계는 없었다. 인공 환기 시작이나 이탈 시 저산소증이나 과탄산혈증 및 전해질 이상의 유무, 혈중 CK-MB level, APACHE III score, shock의 유무, 패혈증의 유무, 인공 환기 양식, inotropics의 사용 여부 등은 심근 허혈의 발생과 유의한 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다. 검사 중의 최대 심박수와 최저 평균 혈압용 심근 허혈이 없었던 군에서 $129.5{\pm}29.7bpm$, $83.8{\pm}17.6mmHg$, 심근 허혈이 있었던 군에서 $137.2{\pm}30.9bpm$, $82.5{\pm}15.9mmHg$로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : 급성 호흡 부전으로 인공 호흡 치료를 받는 환자들 중 심근 허혈은 12.6%에서 관찰되었으며 주로 인공 환기 시작 시에 관찰되었고, 좌심부전이나 심전도 이상의 유무와는 유의한 상관 관계를 보이지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2006

The current study was conducted to investigate the relationship between stress related gene and meat quality in pigs. A total number of 212 three-way cross bred (Landrace-$Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) and 38 Duroc were sampled from the Korean pig industry to determine genotype frequency of porcine stress syndrome (PSS) and heat shock protein 70 kDa (HSP70) genes and their relationship with carcass traits and longissimus meat quality. Screen of HSP70 was performed by the single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) technique. Based on the analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) gene, genetic disorder of PSS was related to a mutation at $18,168^{th}$ (C to T) of exon 17. There was no significant difference in ultimate meat pH and backfat thickness between HSP70 K1-AA type and -BB type in pure Duroc breed. In Landrace-$Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$ (L-$Y{\times}D$) cross bred pig, our results indicated that HSP70 derivate type in Duroc had a limited effect on backfat thickness, but L-$Y{\times}D$ type had a noticeable linkage with HSP70 K1-AA and K3-AB. This tendency was also observed in hot carcass weight where HSP70 K1-AA and K3-AB resulted in heavier weight with 86.3 kg compared to HSP70 K1-AB and K3-BB of 74.3 kg. Results imply that stress related HSP70 genotype has a potential association with backfat thickness and carcass weight.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.186-192
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• 2003

목 적 : 최근 서울, 경기지역의 산후조리원에서 전원된 신생아들에서 설사와 동반된 체중감소, 대사성 산증 증세를 보이는 급성 신생아 장염이 집단 발생하여 최근 서울, 경기지역 9개 병원에서 경험하였던 예들을 분석하여 질병의 원인과 경과, 특징을 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 서울, 경기지역 9개 병원에서 2001년 10월부터 2002년 7월까지 산후조리원에서 전원되었던 신생아 33명을 대상으로 하여 혈액 pH <7.20, 호흡부전, 인공호흡기의 사용, 쇼크, 범발성 혈관내 응고증 중 한가지 이상의 소견이 포함된 18명을 중증군, 나머지 15명은 중등도군으로 나누어 후향적 조사를 실시하였다. 결 과 : 중증군의 연령이 중등도군에 비해 유의하게 높았고(P=0.005), 재태 연령과 출생체중, 입원당시 체중은 차이가 없었으나, 체중감소는 중증군에서 유의수준에 근접하여 더 심하게 나타났다(P=0.0512). 혈액검사에서 중증군이 중등도군에 비해 백혈구 및 혈소판수가 유의하게 더 높았고(P=0.0362, 0.1436), 혈액가스검사에서 중탄산염이 중증군에서 더 낮았다(P=0.032). 바이러스 검사에서는 로타바이러스 검사가 중등도군에서 13례 시행에 5례, 중증군에서 15례 시행에 2례가 양성이었고, 아스트로바이러스 검사가 중등도군에서 3례 시행에 1례, 중증군에서는 3례 시행했으나 모두 음성이었다. 중등도군은 치료 후 모두 회복되었으나 중증군 4례에서는 환아가 사망하였다. 결 론 : 신생아 장염환자들은 조기에 발견 치료하는 것이 중요하며 이를 위해 최근 늘어난 산후조리원의 법제화 및 전문의료인력 배치가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 중증군 환아들이 중등도군 환아들보다 늦게 치료를 받기 시작해 증상이 심했다고 추정되나 원인균이나 산후조리원 이외 지역의 장염 환아들과 비교에 대한 결론을 내릴 수 없어 향후 신생아에서의 급성장염에 대한 역학조사가 더 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.211-219
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• 1993

The general and some pharmacological actions of DWP 302 were investigated in animals and the following results were obtained. In central nervous system, DWP 302 had no effects on the pentobarbital induced anaesthesia, locomotor activity, rotarod test, traction test, analgesic action in the mice and body temperature in the rat. DWP 302 showed no depressive action on the convulsion induced by strychnine and electronic shock. From these results, DWP 302 was considered to have no or little pharmacological effect on the central nervous system. Furthermore, DWP 302 had no influences on the normal blood pressure and heart rate. In the isolated ileum of guinea pig, DWP 302 showed neither contractive nor relaxing effects against the acetylcholine ($10^{-6}g/mι$), histamine ($10^{-6}g/mι$) and $BaCl_2$ ($10^{-4}g/mι$) at a concentration of $1.9{\times}10^{-4}g/mι$ in bath. But it caused a slight increase in basal tone at a concentration of $6.3{\times}10^{-4}g/mι$ and this effect was inhibited by atropine $10^{-7}g/mι.$ In the isolated trachea and vas deference, DWP 302 showed no effect on the contractions produced by histamine and norepinephrine, respectively. And DWP 302 showed no effect on the contractions produced by acetylcholine and oxytocin in the isolated nonpregnant rat uterus. DWP 302 had no effect on bile excretion, urine volume, pH and gastrointestinal motility, But, DWP 302 showed a significant inhibitory effect on gastric secretion in the rat.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2003

General pharmacological properties of DA-8159, a new pyrazolopyrimidinone derivative were examined in laboratory animals to investigate its safety profile. The oral administration of DA-8159 (1, 5 or 30 mg/kg) in mice and rats had no effect on general behaviors and central nervous system of the animals in test systems, such as hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, motor coordination, normal body temperature, writhing syndromes induced by 0.75% acetic acid solution, chemo-shock produced by pentetrazole solution and rotar rod test. Anesthetized cats treated intravenously with DA-8159 (0.1, 0.3, 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg) showed transient and mild decrease in blood pressure. However, heart rate, respiration rate and tidal volume were not changed by intravenous DA-8159. In the isolated organs including ileum, heart (sinus rate of atria and contractility of papillary muscle), trachea of guinea pigs and phrenic nerve of rats, DA-8159 ($10^{-8}$ ∼$10^{-5}$ mg/L) did not elicit any effect or inhibitory action on the chemically or electrically stimulated contraction. DA-8159 did not influence gastric secretion, pH and total acid output in rats and intestinal propulsion in mice. The administration of DA-8159 in rats had no effect on the platelet aggregation induced by ADP in rabbit plasma, urinary volume and electrolyte ion ($Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Cl^{-}$) excretion in rats. Prothrombin time (PT) of the rats showed a mild but significant increase after administration of DA-8159. Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), however, was not affected by DA-8159. These results indicate that DA-8159 does not exert any of serious pharmacological effects.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2006

Nano and micro capsulation (NM capsulation) involve the incorporation for nanofood materials, enzymes, cells or other materials in small capsules. Since Kim D. M. (2001) showed that a new type of food called firstly the name of nanofood, which means nanotechnology for food, and the encapsulated materials can be protected from moisture, heat or other extreme conditions, thus enhancing their stability and maintaining viability applications for this nanofood technique have increased in the food. NM capsules for nanofood is also utilized to mask odours or tastes. Various techniques are employed to form the capsules, including spray drying, spray chilling or spray cooling, extrusion coating, fluidized bed coating, liposome entrapment, coacervation, inclusion complexation, centrifugal extrusion and rotational suspension separation. Each of these techniques is discussed in this review. A wide variety of nanofood is NM capsulated - flavouring agents, acids, bases, artificial sweeteners, colourants, preservatives, leavening agents, antioxidants, agents with undesirable flavours, odours and nutrients, among others. The use of NM capsulation for sweeteners such as aspartame and flavors in chewing gum is well known. Fats, starches, dextrins, alginates, protein and lipid materials can be employed as encapsulating materials. Various methods exist to release the ingredients from the capsules. Release can be site-specific, stage-specific or signaled by changes in pH, temperature, irradiation or osmotic shock. NM capsulation for the nanofood, the most common method is by solvent-activated release. The addition of water to dry beverages or cake mixes is an example. Liposomes have been applied in cheese-making, and its use in the preparation of nanofood emulsions such as spreads, margarine and mayonnaise is a developing area. Most recent developments include the NM capsulation for nanofood in the areas of controlled release, carrier materials, preparation methods and sweetener immobilization. New markets are being developed and current research is underway to reduce the high production costs and lack of food-grade materials.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1557-1567
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• 2012

Glutathione reductase (GR, E.C. 1.6.4.2) is an important enzyme that reduces glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to a sulfydryl form (GSH) in the presence of an NADPH-dependent system. This is a critical antioxidant mechanism. Owing to the significance of GR, this enzyme has been examined in a number of animals, plants, and microbes. We performed a study to evaluate the molecular properties of GR (OsGR) from rice (Oryza sativa). To determine whether heterologous expression of OsGR can reduce the deleterious effects of unfavorable abiotic conditions, we constructed a transgenic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain expressing the GR gene cloned into the yeast expression vector p426GPD. OsGR expression was confirmed by a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (semiquantitative RT-PCR) assay, Western-blotting, and a test for enzyme activity. OsGR expression increased the ability of the yeast cells to adapt and recover from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress and various stimuli including heat shock and exposure to menadione, heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, and cadmium), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), ethanol, and sulfuric acid. However, augmented OsGR expression did not affect the yeast fermentation capacity owing to reduction of OsGR by multiple factors produced during the fermentation process. These results suggest that ectopic OsGR expression conferred acquired tolerance by improving cellular homeostasis and resistance against different stresses in the genetically modified yeast strain, but did not affect fermentation ability.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.271-275
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• 2017

The expression of Deinococcus radiodurans dr1558 and pprM genes was examined for enhanced lysine production in recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum. These genes are known to confer high tolerance to pH and osmotic shock in Escherichia coli. D. radiodurans dr1558 and pprM genes were expressed in C. glutamicum by using 6 synthetic promoters of different strengths, to evaluate the effect of expression efficiency on lysine production. Recombinant C. glutamicum expressing DR1558 under the L26 and I64 promoters showed higher lysine production than that expressing DR1558 under other promoters. Similarly, recombinant C. glutamicum expressing PprM under same promoters (L26 and I64) showed a higher increase in lysine production compared to that expressing PprM under other promoters. In the absence of $CaCO_3$ in the medium, the expression of DR1558 or PprM also increased lysine concentration in C. glutamicum depending on the promoter used. Together, these results suggest that genes involved in radiation tolerance in D. radiodurans can be used to enhance production of amino acids and their derivatives.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.17-27
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• 1985

The objectives of this study is to examine efficiency of swinery wastewater treatment by trickling filters' pilot plant. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The characteristics of sample. The BOD$_5$ was from 2,450 to 2,880mg/l, COD(KMnO$_4$ acid method) was from 910 to 1,064mg/l, and SS was from 920 to 990mg/l. The pH of influent was from 7.3 to 7.6, and the temperature of water was from 17.0$\circ$C to 22.5$\circ$C. 2. For experiment by recirculation, the BODs removal efficiency is 65.2% at recirculation ratio (r)=0, and 70.7% at r=1. The ramoval efficiency of this study is higher than NRC formula of U.S.A.. The recirculation is not significant effect on removal efficiency. 3. For experiment by hydraulic load, the BOD$_5$ removal rate decreased from 73.1% at $3.1m^3/m^2\cdot d$ to 65.3% at $9.2m^3/m^2\cdot d$. The design formula of this study which shows the removal rate of soluble BOD is $Le/Li =10^{-0.24} D/Q^{0.24}$ (Q: hydraulic load, D: depth of filter). 4. For experiment by organic load, the BOD$_5$ removal rate is increased from 70.2% at $0.77kg/m^3\cdot d$ to 75.4% at $4.28kg/m^3\cdot d$. We can obtain the straight line y=0.749 x (y: removed BOD, x :applied BOD) by the least squares method. 5. We can know that trickling filters is strong with the hydraulic load and the organic matter shock load. Here, we can judge that trickling filters is a good method for the treatment of swinery wastewater which containing high concentrated organic matter.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.268-274
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• 2005

Bromobenzene (BB) is well known hepatotoxicant. Also, BB is an industrial solvent that arouses toxicity predominantly in the liver where it causes centrilobular necrosis. BB is subjected to Cytochrome P450 mediated epoxidation followed by either conjugation with glutathione, enzymatic hydrolysis or further oxidation. In this study, we focused on BB-induced gene expression at non-hepatotoxic dose. Mice were exposed to two levels of BB, sampled at 24 h, and hepatic gene expression levels were determined to evaluate dose dependent changes. When examining the toxic dose of BB treated group in other previous studies, genes related to heat shock protein, oxidative stress, and drug metabolism are expressed. Compared to these results, our study, in which non-toxic dose of BB was administrated, showed similar patterns as the toxic conditions above. The purpose of the study was to select genes that showed changes in relation to the differing dose through confirmation of the difference within transcriptomic boundaries, but those that are not detected by the existing classic toxicology tools in non-hepatotoxic dose.