• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2008

The objectives of this study were to investigate inputs and pH values of stemflow of bulk precipitation and 5 tree species (Deciduous species : Quercus mongolica, Betula costata, Kalopanax septemlobus, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Plantation species : Larix kaempferi), in Mt. Joongwang, Pyongchang-gun, Gangwondo, from June to October in 2004 and 2005. The amount of stemflow during study period was the greatest in Q. mongolica (9.9 mm), and B. costata (7.5 mm), K. setemlobus (5.9 mm), L. kaempferi (3.8 mm), F. rhynchophylla (3.2 mm), respectively. Stemflow of each species increased with bulk precipitation. Increment with bulk precipitation was smaller in 2004 when the intense bulk precipitation occurred more. pH values of stemflow was the highest in F. rhynchophylla (5.91), and K. setemlobus (5.64), B. costata (5.80), Q. mongolica (5.56), L. kaempferi (5.25), respectively. Generally, pH values of stemflow of all species increased with bulk precipitation pH value, and lower than that (6.39).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.413-419
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• 2001

This study investigated pH values and EC changes of rainfall and stemflow were investigated for 5 tree species such as Pinus koraiensis, P. densiflora, Larix leptolepis, Quercus variabilis and Q. mongolica in the Experiment Forests, College of Forest Science, Kangwon National University. The results were as follows; 1. Mean month pH values of stemflow were much lower than those of rainfall. Among tree species, pH values of the coniferous such as P. densiflora, P. koraiensis and L. leptolepis were lower those of the deciduous such as Q. mongolica and Q. variabilis. Mean month pH values of stemflow ranged from 3.23 to 5.03 (average : 4.23) for P. koraiensis, 3.57 to 5.16 (average : 4.36) for P. densiflora, 3.41 to 6.69 (average : 4.45) for L. leptolepis, 3.86 to 6.11 (average : 4.70) for Q. variabilis and 4.39 to 6.13 (average : 5.18) for Q. mongolica. 2. Mean month EC of the coniferous species was 1.5 to 2 times higher than that of the deciduous species. Mean month EC of stemflow for P. koraiensis, P. densiflora, L. leptolepis, Q. variabilis and Q. mongolica was ranged from 29.0 to $946.5{\mu}S/cm$(average : $258.5{\mu}S/cm$), 18.6 to $907.5{\mu}S/cm$(average : $220.3{\mu}S/cm$), 27.0 to $918.0{\mu}S/cm$(average : $216.2{\mu}S/cm$), 16.5 to $301.6{\mu}S/cm$(average : $125.4{\mu}S/cm$) and $25.2{\sim}225.7{\mu}S/cm$(average : $101.5{\mu}S/cm$), respectively. 3. Average pH values and EC were highly variable according to season. Average pH values appeared lower in spring than those in summer and autumn, but EC appeared higher in spring than those lower in summer and autumn. 4. According to precipitation, there was little difference in and pH values of stemflow the coniferous and the deciduous showed low pH valuess in the case of less than 50mm precipitation. However, EC of stemflow showed a difference depending on the precipitation, and EC of the coniferous and the deciduous was high more than $100{\mu}S/cm$ at the precipitation of less than 50mm.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1994

The effects of some sodium phosphates as auxiliary agents were studied on the blockade of hardness for silk degumming. In this work, four kinds of sodium phosphates were tested and the results were obtained through masking effects of metallic ions, difference of pH value and boil-off ratio. The degumming of calcium ingredient was analyzed by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometer and degumming test of cocoon shell was performed in the presence of calcium ingredient and sodium phosphates added to soap solution. In the view of the effects of sodium phosphates on calcium hardness, tetrasodium pyrophosphate(TSPP) and sodium phosphate dibasic(SPD) masked calcium ions more than sodium phosphate monobasic(SPM) and sodium hexametaphosphate(SHP). SHP and TSPP have excellent abilities of masking ferrous ions. The pH values of TSPP solution is higher than others, but lower than soap solution. The pH values were differently measured one another among the sodium phosphates but the boil-off ratio was increased in case of sodium phosphate with high pH value.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 1989

개발된 산성비 모델에서는 다종의 대기오염물 제거로 인한 강우내의 화학성분과 산성도의 고도별 및 시간별 변화를 예측하기 위하여, 강우시 구름내와 밑에서 일어나는 대기 오염물의 강우내로의 물질전달 현상과 화학반응 현상을 동시에 고려하였다. 또한, 강우 산성도의 형성에 중요한 영향을 미치는 구름내에서의 복잡한 동력학적 특성을 고려하기 위하여 강우율의 높이별 변화를 단순화하여 해석하였다. 개발모델을 이용하여 1985년과 1987년 가을의 서울시 산성비에 대하여, 산성비 모델을 이용하여 추정한 pH값과 실측 pH값 사이의 상관관계는 0.57을 나타내었고, 효과적이고 정량적인 관리를 위하여 대기중의 이산화황 농도, 구름층의 두께, 지상에서의 강우율 및 황산이온의 형성에 중요한 역활을 하는 산화제들의 강우 산성도에 미치는 영향을 민감도 분석을 통해서 나타내었다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 1973

This report was presented to explain the relationships between various soil pH based on the present land use, nodes of depositions, and pH measurement methods ($H_2O$ and KCl extract). The samples were collected from 160 soil series in Korea. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The average pH ($H_2O$) of surface soil were $5.3{\pm}0.6$ for paddy soils, $5.5{\pm}0.9$ for upland, $5.4{\pm}0.5$ for forest soils, $5.3{\pm}0.6$ for grassland and $5.4{\pm}0.7$ for country average. 2. The average pH (KCl) of surface soil were $4.2{\pm}0.6$ for representative soils. Paddy soils had $4.2{\pm}0.6$; upland $4.2{\pm}0.8$; forest soils, $4.0{\pm}0.6$; and grassland, $4.3{\pm}0.6$. 3. The soil pH in B and C horizons were generally higher than that of A horizons. 4. The soil pH in field were correlated with lab. soil pH ($H_2O$) and pH (KCl). Field soil pH measured by pH kit could be highly accepted in accuracy compared with lab. pH of upland, grassland, forest and paddy soils. 5. Soil pH ($H_2O$) of surface based on mode of depositions was generally higher in residuum of mountainous and hilly land than those of Fluvio-marine deposits and old alluvium, however soil pH (KCl) was higher in fiuvio-marine deposits than those of mountainous and hilly land. It was shown that soil pH (KCl) was more reasonable than that of soil pH ($H_2O$) in practical use.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 1996

Three strains of inhibitory lactic acid bacteria (No. 49, No. 61, No. 75) against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escheirchia coli(ATCC33694) and Bacillus subtilis(ATCC6633) were isolated from kimchi, and then, identified to be Lactobacillus plantarum after examinations of their biological and physiological characteristics. To investigate a possible application of these three lactobacilli in milk fermentation industry, we made yogurts and then evaluated their ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities at various; incubation time(from 24 hrs to 72 hrs). The result of experiment was that ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities were reached maximum at 48 hrs and that reduced gradually with the lapse of time. And the ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activity of lactobacilli, and their viable cell counts at $37^{\circ}C$ for 2 hrs under various pH conditions were investigated. ${\beta}-galactosidase$ activities of 3 strains were reduced 50% at pH 3.5, but there were no remaining activities at pH 2.5, and pH 1.5, respectively. The frequency of the survival cell of lactobacilli in yogurt were $0.12{\sim}0.75%$ at pH 2.5, $$6.3{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}2.7{\times}10^{-3}% at pH 1.5, respectively, but there was no significant difference at pH 3.5. The values of original pH, titratable acidity as lactic acid, viscosity, and viable cells of yogurts were $4.08{\sim}4.30,\;1.05{\sim}1.25%,\;1,818{\sim}2,124\;cps\;and\;7.3{\times}10^8{\sim}3.0{\times}10^9\;cfu/m{\ell}$, respectively. To estimate buffer capacity of yogurt, the volume of 1.0 N HCl to 2 unit below original pH of yogurt($100\;m{\ell}$) was $11.98{\sim}13.02\;m{\ell}$ and the volume of 1.0N NaOH to 4 unit above original pH of yogurt($100\;m{\ell}$) was $10.82{\sim}12.86\;m{\ell}.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1977.10a
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• pp.200.1-200
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• 1977

핵산관련질의 구조식 및 핵산계 조미료로 사용되고 있는 $5'-IMPㆍNa_2$ 및 $5'-GMPㆍNa_2에$ 대한 업학적성질과 UV, IR 스펙트럼을 살펴보며 이들의 pH값을 제시한댜. 즉 5'-XMP 및 5'GMP등과 같은 nucleotide류는 모두 phosphomonoester group을 가지고 있는 제 1인산이 약 1, 제 2인산이 6정도인 2개씩의 pk값을 가지고 있으며 이외에도 pyrimidine핵에 OH기와 $NH_2가$ 있어서 용액의 pH에 따라 여러가지 형태의 이온형을 가질 수 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.459-462
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 $10K_2O$-30CaO-$60P_2O_5$ mol%를 기본조성으로 하여 Fe, Cu, Zn의 미량성분을 첨가하여 유리를 제조하고 용출 특성을 평가 하였다. 제조된 유리는 미량성분의 첨가량에 따라 유리의 투명도가 변하는 것이 관찰되었다. 용출특성은 측정 4시간 뒤 pH값 증가되는 것으로 16시간 후 pH가 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 여기서 pH의 증가는 염기성산화물이 용출되는 것으로, 감소는 $P_2O_5$구조인 망목형성구조가 붕괴되어지면서 산성이온이 용출되어지는 것으로 판단되어진다. ICP관찰시에는 함량이 증가하면서 K, Ca, P이온의 용출량이 감소되었고, Zn, Cu, Fe이온의 용출량이 증가하는 경향이 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 1997

Temporal and spatial comparisons of acid mine drainage contaminated waters are difficult because of the complex physico-chemical nature of the pollutant. In the present study, an acid mine drainage index has been developed and evaluated for the assessment of surface waters. AMD index is calculated using a modified arithmetic weighted index using seven parameters which are most indicative of AMD contamination, i. e. pH value, sulphate, iron, zinc, aluminum, copper and manganese. Weighting is used to express the relative indicator value of each parameter. The proposed AMD index is used to quantify contamination from acid mine drainage over ten different old mine sites and assess the degree of impact on surface on surface waters. As a result of AMD evaluation, the Sukbong Mine located near the Moonkyung province showed lowest AMD value indicating the worst acid mine drainage quality. In overall, Youngdong mine sites showed higher contaimination compared to the other mine sites including Youngsuh, Choongbu, Suhbu and Nambu area.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

Purpose : To establish a pH measurement system for a mouse tumor study using a clinical scanner, to develop the $^1H$ and 31P radio frequency (RF) coil system and to test pH accuracy with phantoms. Materials and Methods: The $^1H$ and the $^{31}P$ surface coils were designed to acquire signals from mouse tumors. Two coils were positioned orthogonally for geometric decoupling. The pH values of various pH phantoms were calculated using the $^1H$ decoupled $^{31}P$ MR spectrum with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The calculated pH value was compared to that of a pH meter. Results: The mutual coil coupling was shown in a standard $S_{12}$. Coil coupling ($S_{12}$) were -73.0 and -62.3 dB respectively. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) obtained from the homogeneous phantom $^1H$ image was greater than 300. The high resolution in vivo mice images were acquired using a $^{31}P$-decoupled $^1H$ coil. The pH values calculated from the $^1H$-decoupled $^{31}P$ spectrum correlated well with the values measured by pH meter ($R^2$=0.97). Conclusion: Accurate pH values can be acquired using a $^1H$-decoupled $^{31}P$ RF coil with a clinical scanner. This two-surface coil system could be applied to other nuclear MRS or MRI.