• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.5863-5868
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• 2015

Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK) is considered a key tobacco smoke carcinogen inducing lung tumors. Physalis peruviana L (harankash) is considered one plant with marked health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate Physalis peruviana L effect on the toxic effect of NNK induced lung cancer in the rats by using pulmonary histopathological, immunohistochemical and DNA flow cytometric analyses. Sixty adult male rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of fifteen animals. The first group received saline, the second received two successive toxic doses of NNK only while the third received two successive toxic doses of NNK with a single daily dose of Physalis peruviana L. The fourth group received a single daily dose of Physalis peruviana L only. Toxic doses of NNK induced hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in the lung and positive immunoreactivity for Ki-67 and p53 staining with disturbance of the lung DNA content. Administration of Physalis peruviana L with NNK led to a mild pulmonary hyperplasia and weak expression of Ki-67 and p53 with an improvement in the lung DNA content. Physalis peruviana L may protect against NNK induced lung carcinogenesis due to its antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.743-752
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the overall effects of teaching grammar in the Korean EFL classroom. A meta-analysis of 67 research findings in 30 articles was conducted to synthesize the results of these studies by calculating the mean effect sizes. This study reviewed and analyzed the previous studies in terms of subjects, treatment period, and types of grammar teaching. The results showed that teaching grammar in the classroom had beneficial effects on learners in general (d=.907). It was found to be more effective for middle school and university students than for elementary and high school students (Q=37.065, df=3, p=.000). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of treatment period and types of grammar teaching. Pedagogical implications and suggestions for Korean EFL learners are also discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of auricular acupressure therapy on the upper extremity function, perceived health status and Activities of Daily Living for rehabilitation among stroke patients at home. Methods: As a quasi-experimental study, non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. Data were collected from August 1st to September 31st, 2012. Participants were 28 (Experimental 17, Control 11) stroke patients at home. Using the SPSS/WIN 12.0 program, data were analysed by the $x^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: Upper extremity function (U=28.00, p=.001) and activities of daily living (U=47.50, p=.029) were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. However, perceived health status was not significantly different between the two group. Conclusion: This study proved that auricular acupressure therapy was effective for upper extremity function and activities of daily living among stroke patients at home.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.3-9
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• 2017

This study examined 39 elementary teachers' perceptions on the frontier science teaching and their teaching efficacy. The results showed: elementary teachers were interested in and were well aware of the importance of the frontier science in human life and in this society. They also agreed with the necessity of teaching frontier science in elementary school. They, however, had perceptions that frontier science may not be appropriate for the level of elementary students. Moreover, the poor educational environment may act as constraints for frontier science teaching. The change of elementary teachers' teaching efficacy(t=-13.67, p<.01) was statistically significant after their participation of developing STEAM program on frontier science and practicing its lessons.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2015

General CHMM vocabulary recognition system is model observation probability for vocabulary recognition of recognition rate's low. Used as the limiting unit is applied only to some problem in the phoneme model. Also, they have a problem that does not conform to the needs of the search range to meaning of the words in the vocabulary. Performs a phoneme recognition using GMM to improve these problems. We solve the problem according to the limited search words characterized by an improved k-means algorithm. Measure the effectiveness represented by the accuracy and reproducibility as compared to conventional system performance experiments. Performance test results accuracy is 83%p, and recall is 67%p.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.518-523
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• 2008

This study sought to prepare Doenjang with added Ulmi cortex, to improve functionality and flavor, while retaining the original Doenjang scent. Ulmi cortex powders were added during fermentation. The Ulmi cortex-containing Doenjang showed lower pH and less salinity than did the Doenjang prepared without Ulmi cortex. Sensory evaluation data showed that Doenjang with Ulmi cortex tasted sweeter, and less salty, and was preferred over Doenjang without Ulmi cortex. In the DPPH assay, Doenjang with Ulmi cortex showed much higher free-radical scavenging ability (IC50 of 29.16 g/mL)did Doenjang without Ulmi cortex(IC50 of 155.67 g/mL), indicating that Ulmi cortex Doenjang has higher antioxidant levels. Doenjang prepared with 1%(w/v) Ulmi cortex powder was best in terms of consumer preference and functionality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.646-652
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• 1991

Factors affecting gelatinization temperature of rice starches from different varieties were investigated. Birefringence end-point temperature(BEPT), amylose content, granule size distribution and degree of crystallinity of rice starches showed the significant varietal differences at ${\alpha}\;=0.01$. Susceptibility of the granule to gelatininzation was dependent mainly on the degree of crystallinity, as indicated by the significant positive correlation between BEPT and the relative crystallinity(r=0.67, p<0.01). However, granule size distribution did not affect the GT(gelatinization temperature) range, nor did amylose electron microscopy (SEM). SEM also confirmed that there is no relationship between the size and the shape and the amylose content of the rice starch.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1543-1546
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• 2002

The expandable 4 bit adder/subtracter IC was designed using the adiabatic and dynamic CMOS logic (ADCL) circuit as the ultra-low power consumption basic logic circuit and the IC was fabricated using a standard 1.2 ${\mu}$ CMOS process. As the result the steady operation of 4 bit addition and subtraction has been confirmed even if the frequency of the sinusoidal supply voltage is higher than 10MHz. Additionally, by the simulation, at the frequency of 10MHz, energy consumption per operation is obtained as 93.67pJ (ar addition and as 118.67pJ for subtraction, respectively. Each energy is about 1110 in comparison with the case in which the conventional CMOS logic circuit is used. A simple and low power oscillation circuit is also proposed as the power supply circuit f3r the ADCL circuit. The oscillator operates with a less one volt of DC supply voltage and around one milli-watts power dissipation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation structure and soil property of natural habitat of Polygonatum stenophyllum to provide basic information for propagation, conservation and restoration. Habitats of Polygonatum stenophyllum were classified into Hemiptelea davidii-Robinia pseudo-acacia dominant population (Yeongwol-eup), Pinus densiflora-Hemiptelea davidii-Callicarpa japonica dominant population (Nam-myeon), and Hemiptelea davidii-Rubus crataegifolius dominant population (Gangchon-ri). The soil pH 6.49~7.28; and electron conductivity 0.10~0.19 ds/m. The average content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available $P_2O_5$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$, and $Na^+$ were 8.24~16.45 g/kg, 0.02~0.13%, 45.67~123.67 mg/kg, 4.61~6.71 cmol(+)/kg, 0.17~0.63 cmol(+)/kg, 0.06~0.27 cmol(+)/kg and 0.03~0.30 cmol(+)/kg, respectively. Species diversity index (H'), maximum species diversity index (H' max), evenness (J') and dominance (1-J') of investigated sites ranged 1.0323 (Nam-myeon)~1.1134 (Yeongwol -eup), 1.4914 (Gangchon-ri)~1.6128 (Nam-myeon), 0.6401 (Nam-myeon)~0.7270 (Yeongwol-eup) and 0.2730 (Yeongwol-eup)~0.3599 (Nam-myeon) respectively.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.67.1-67.1
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• 2014

Comets are mysterious travelers from outer Solar System. It is considered that comets loose their subsurface ice once they were injected into a snow-line of the solar system, at the same time, develop adiathermic dust layers on the surface in a time scale of ~10,000 years. They eventually become inactive (see also the presentation by Yoonyoung Kim et al.). Optical similarity between comets and asteroids in comet-like orbits suggests the existence of such dormant or inactive comets supporting the evolutionary scenario. However, unforeseen accidents cast a misgiving to modify the stereotype. A periodic comet, 17P/Holmes, is known as comet with very low activity before 2007. However, the comet suddenly exhibited an outburst in 2007 October, which is known as the most energetic cometary outburst since the beginning of modern astronomy. On the other hand, another periodic comet, P/2010 V1, was not known before 2010 November probably because of low activity and discovered while it experienced outburst. We investigated the time-evolution of the magnitudes and the morphological developments based on the dynamical theory of dust grains, and derived the energy per unit mass of ~10,000 J/kg. From these observational evidences, we suggest that crystallization of buried amorphous ice (even in low-activity comets) can be responsible for the dramatic cometary outbursts.