• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.315-323
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• 1994

Mammalian oviductal epithelial cells have been known to improve in vitro fertilization and embryonic development. Recently, co-cultured human embryos with the epithelial cells in human genital tract has been reported to improve the pregnancy rate. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the epithelial cells of human genital tract on the development of mouse early embryos and human fertilized oocytes. The epithelial cells of human genital tract were collected from the fallopian tubes which were obtained during hysterectomy in fertile women and from the endometrium during endometrium biopsy. Collected human ampullary cells(HACs) and endometrial cells(HECs) were cultured for 10 days to establish primary monolayer. Second passaged HACs and HECs were obtained by trypsinization were cryopreserved in PBS with 1.5 M DMSO for later use. To investigate the effect when co-cultured with HACs and HECs, we tried to apply strict quality control on mouse embryo, from two cell to blastocyst prior to human trial. The results of quality control were as follows; In Group I (Ham's F10 with 10% FCS), Group IT (co-cultured with HACs) and Group ill (co-cultured with HECs), developmental rates to blastocyst were 63.3%(253/400), 76.0%(304/ 400),74.0%(296/400), respectively. Hatching rates were 36.8%(147/400), 41.80/0(167/400), 38.0%(152/400), respectively(p<0.05). To perform the human IVF, cryopreserved HACs were thawed at 37$^{\circ}C$ waterbath, seeded on the well dish and cultured for 48 hI'S. The pronuclear stage embryos were transferred to the seeded well dish. After 24 hRS, co-cultured embryos were examined and transferred to patient's uterus. The results of human IVF when co-cultured with HACs were that fertilization and developmental rates were 61.8% (256/414), 95.3% (244/256) as compared with 57.2% (279/488) and 94.6%(264/279) in Ham's F10 supplemented with 10% FCS(control). However, 62.9% (161/256) of co-cultured human embryos showed good embryos(no or slight fragmentation) as compared with 53.8 % (150/279) in control(p < 0.05). Pregnancy rate was 40.0% (12/30) when co-cultured with HACs whereas 30.6%(11/36) in control. In conclusions, co-culture system using HACs and HECs improved the developmental and hatching rates of mouse embryo. Also, in human IVF system when co-cultured with HACs, it improved both the quality of human embryos and the pregnancy rate.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.512-519
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• 2014

본 연구는 계절별 배추 원료의 최적 절임 조건 및 저장성 연구를 위한 기초 자료 제공을 위하여 계절별 절임배추의 물리화학적 및 미생물학적 특성 조사와 이들 특성의 상관성을 조사하였다. 계절별(봄배추, 여름배추, 가을배추 및 겨울배추) 절임배추의 pH와 적정산도의 경우 가을배추 시료가 $6.02{\pm}0.04$와 $0.15{\pm}0.01%$로 다른 계절의 절임배추 시료보다 pH는 약간 높고 적정산도는 약간 낮았다. 가용성 고형분 함량은 월동배추가 $7.76{\pm}0.39%$로 가장 높았고, 염도 함량은 계절별로 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 총균수의 경우 여름배추가 다른 계절의 배추보다 유의적으로 많은 균수가 있었고 색도는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 조직감의 경우 경도(firmness)는 봄배추가 가장 높은 $4.92{\pm}0.06kg_f$였고, 단단한 정도(hardness)는 여름 배추가 $11.71{\pm}0.53kg_f$로 가장 높게 측정되었다. 한편 계절별 절임배추의 품질 특성간 상관관계를 분석한 결과 계절별 절임배추와 가용성 고형분 함량, 경도와 1% 유의수준 유의적인 상관성이 있었다. 또 주성분 분석 결과 첫 번째 주성분(F1)과 두 번째 주성분(F2)는(은) 전체 데이터의 각각 35.59%와 27.28%의 설명력을 보여 주었고, 총설명력은 62.87%였다. 주성분 F1은 계절, 밝기, 가용성 고형분 함량, 배추 두께, 총균수와 젖산균 수였고, 주성분 F2는 절임배추의 피크 개수였다. 계절별 절임배추의 품질 특성을 바탕으로 계층적 군집분석 결과 봄배추, 여름배추 그리고 가을과 월동 배추로 3그룹으로 나뉘었다. 이상의 결과에서 계절별 절임배추의 경우 물리화학적 및 미생물학적 품질 특성에 차이가 있음을 확인하였고, 품질 균일화와 고품질의 절임배추를 연중 생산하기 위해서는 각 계절별 배추의 품질 특성과 절임 적성에 관한 많은 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1189-1196
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• 2005

The cyclohexanol dehydrogenase (ChnA), produced by Rhodococcus sp. TK6, which is capable of growth on cyclohexanol as the sole carbon source, has been previously purified and characterized. However, the current study cloned the complete gene (chnA) for ChnA and its flanking regions using a combination of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified ChnA and plaque hybridization from a phage library of Rhodococcus sp. TK6. A sequence analysis of the 5,965-bp DNA fragment revealed five potential open reading frames (ORFs) designated as partial pte (phosphotriesterase), acs (acyl-CoA synthetase), scd (short chain dehydrogenase), stp (sugar transporter), and chnA (cyclohexanol dehydrogenase), respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of the chnA gene exhibited a similarity of up to $53\%$ with members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family. The chnA gene was expressed using the pET21 a(+) system in Escherichia coli. The activity of the expressed ChnA was then confirmed (13.6 U/mg of protein) and its properties investigated.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.888-899
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• 1998

In-Ceram system is one of contemporary esthetic all ceramic restorations and has relatively high flexural strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal fidelity according to type of resin cement and measuring position, and to evaluate fracture strength according to type of resin cement. In this study, twenty seven In-Ceram crowns were fabricated on the metal master die of prepared maxillary right central incisor and devided into three groups. All specimens were cemented with Panavia 21 (group PV), Super-bond (group SB) and Lute-it (group LI) on the metal master die. After cementation, specimens were measured marginal gap between the margin of the In-Ceram crown and the finishing line of metal master die by using a stereomicroscope (SZ-ST, Olympus, Japan). Marginal gaps were recorded at the labial, lingual, mesial and distal measuring points on the metal master die. For the mesurement of fracture strength, lingual surfaces of cemented specimens were loaded at a distance of 1mm from incisal edge by using the Autograph S-2000 (Shimadzu, Japan). The results of marginal fidelity and fracture strength were statistically analyzed with the SPSS version 8.0 programs. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In comparison of marginal fidelity according to the measuring points, there was no significant difference. 2. The marginal fidelity according to the type of resin cement was decreased in order of group $LI\;(63.75{\mu}m),\;SB\;(77.78{\mu}m),\;PV\;(86.53{\mu}m)$, and there was significant difference between group LI and PV (p<0.05). 3. The fracture strength according to the type of resin cement was showed descending order of group $LI\;(60.00kg/cm^2),\;SB\;(56.80kg/cm^2),\;PV\;(56.11kg/m^2)$, but there was no significant difference.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.195-204
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of head posture change on initial occlusal contacts through measuring the distances between initial occlusal contacts and maximum intercuspal position at different head posture. Two special devices were designed and constructed. Mandibular movement replicator was used to assess reliability of the K6 diagnostic system(MKG; Myo-tronic Inc, Seatle, USA) and head posture calibrator was used to maintain the constant head posture during experiment. We measured difference of distance between initial occlusal contact and maximum intercuspal position with MKG in upright, supine, 45 degrees extension, 30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees right and left bending postion of the head. The Frankfurt horizontal plane was used as a reference plane. 21 adults aged from 23 to 25 were selected, who have normal or class I molar relationship, and have no symptoms on TMJ and masticatory muscles, and have restorations less than 3 surfaces on each tooth, and have no other prosthetic restoration. The obtained results were as follows : The mean absolute distances between initial occlusal contact and maximum intercuspal postion were 0.39(0.18mm in the upright position, 0.65(0.37mm in the supine position, 0.59(0.33mm in the 45 degree extension, 0.70(0.53mm in the 30 degrees flexion, 1.12(1.10mm in the 30 degrees right bending and 1.94(0.67mm in the 30 degrees left bending of the head. The positions of the initial occlusal contacts have a tendency to locate anterior, left and inferior to maximal intercuspal position in upright position, posterior and inferior in supine position and 45 degrees extension, anterior and inferior in 30 degrees flexion, right and inferior in 30 degrees right bending, and left and inferior in 30 degrees left bending of the head. There were significant differences among the initial occlusal contacts in each head postures(P<0.0001). Therefore, we need to check initial occlusal contacts in the altered head posture during occlusal analysis and adjustment of occlusal appliance and dental occlusion for diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorder.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권13호
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• pp.5143-5147
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• 2014

Cervical cancer screening in Malaysia is by opportunistic Pap smear which contributes to the low uptake rate. To overcome this, a pilot project called the SIPPS program (translated as information system of Pap smear program) had been introduced whereby women aged 20-65 years old are invited for Pap smear and receive recall to repeat the test. This study aimed at determining which recall method is most cost-effective in getting women to repeat Pap smear. A randomised control trial was conducted where one thousand women were recalled for repeat smear either by registered letter, phone messages, phone call or the usual postal letter. The total cost applied for cost-effectiveness analysis includes the cost of sending letter for first invitation, cost of the recall method and cost of two Pap smears. Cost-effective analysis (CEA) of Pap smear uptake by each recall method was then performed. The uptake of Pap smear by postal letter, registered letters, SMS and phone calls were 18.8%, 20.0%, 21.6% and 34.4%, respectively (p<0.05). The CER for the recall method was lowest by phone call compared to other interventions; RM 69.18 (SD RM 0.14) compared to RM 106.53 (SD RM 0.13), RM 134.02 (SD RM 0.15) and RM 136.38 (SD RM 0.11) for SMS, registered letter and letter, respectively. ICER showed that it is most cost saving if the usual method of recall by postal letter be changed to recall by phone call. The possibility of letter as a recall for repeat Pap smear to reach the women is higher compared to sending SMS or making phone call. However, getting women to do repeat Pap smear is better with phone call which allows direct communication. Despite the high cost of the phone call as a recall method for repeat Pap smear, it is the most cost-effective method compared to others.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.264-279
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• 1997

연구배경 : 조영증강 전산화 단층 촬영상 내부 저밀도 음영을 보이는 임파절 종대가 보이는 여러 질환에 있어서 이들 임파절 종대의 형태학적 특정 분석을 통해 원발질환의 감별진단에 도움이 될 수 있는 인자들을 평가하고자 하였으며 특히 결핵성 임파선염과 폐암의 감별에 비중을 두었다. 방 법 : 조영증강후 흉부 전산화단층촬영상 내부 저밀도 음영을 갖는 임파절 종대가 있고 그 원인 질환이 병리학적으로 확진된 결핵성 임파선염 28예, 폐암 27예, 악성임파종 5예, 기타 악성종양의 전이 4예를 대상으로 하였고 단경이 1cm 이상인 모든 임파절에 대하여 임파절의 위치, 크기, 내부 저밀도 음영의 분포 양상, 주변부 조영증강부위의 두께와 균일성, 임파절 주위와의 변연 유착 유무, 석회화 유무에 대해 조사하였다. 결 과 : 임파절의 위치는 결핵성 임파선염의 경우는 4R, 10R, 7, 2R의 순이었고, 폐암의 경우는 7, 4R, 10R의 순이었다. 임파절의 크기는 결핵성 임파선염의 경우는 단경이 1.0-2.0cm인 것이 54.3%, 2.0cm 이상인 것이 38.3%였고 변연 유착형이 7.5%였으며, 폐암의 경우에는 1.0-2.0cm인 것이 53.1%였고 2.0cm 이상이 47.0%여서 임파절 크기상의 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 조영증강 양상이 다른 임파절 종대가 혼재하고 있어서 괴사가 없는 임파절 종대와 내부 괴사를 나타내는 임파절 종대가 한 환자에서 동반되었던 경우는 결핵성 임파선염의 경우는 21.4%였고 폐암의 경우는 48.2%였다. 1cm 이하의 임파절은 19명의 환자에서 관찰되었는데 결핵성 임파선염 환자의 경우에만 내부 저밀도 음영이 동반되었다. 결핵성 임파선염의 경우는 두꺼운 두께를 보인 예가 62.1%였고, 폐암의 경우는 앓은 두께를 보인 예가 65.4%였다 (p<0.05). 결핵성 임파선염의 경우는 균일 두께가 52.9%였으며 폐암의 경우는 균일 변연이 68.0%였다(p<0.05). 결 론 : 조영증강후 흉부 전산화단층촬영상 임파절 종대의 형태는 결핵성 임파선염의 경우 정상 크거이거나 종대된 임파절들이 전부 내부에 저밀도 음영을 보이는 율이 더높고, 비괴사성 임파절 종대가 한 환자에서 동반되는 경우가 적고, 조영 증강되는 임파절 벽의 두께가 비교적 두껍고 불규칙한 경향을 보인다. 반면에 폐암은 내부 저밀도음영이 없는 임파절 종대가 혼재된 경우가 더 많고, 조영증강되는 임파절 벽의 두께가 비교적 얇고 균일한 경향을 보인다. 폐실질 병변과 종대된 임파절의 변연부 조영증강 양상이 상반됨은 흥미로운 일이며, 이러한 병변의 감별진단에 많은 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제33권2호통권90호
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• pp.176-186
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• 2000

섬진강 하류계 요각류 군집의 생태학적 연구를 위하여 1998년 2월부터 1999년 7월까지 매달 채집하였다. 본 연구 수역에서 요각류는 21속 32종로 조사되었으며, 1998년 5월에 가장 많은 15종, 1998년 11월에 가장 적은 2종이 출현하였다. 정점별로는 정점 12에서 22종으로 가장 많았으며, 정점 1, 2, 3에서는 유생만 출현하였다. 월별 평균 생물량은 177 ind./m$^{3}$(98년 11월)${\sim}$8.330 ind./m$^{3}$(99월 6월)에서 변동하였다. 수온에 따른 종 분포는 20.1${\sim}$25.0$^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 가장 많은 20종이 출현하였으며, 0.0${\sim}$5.0$^{\circ}C$ 범위에서는 유생시기만 나타났다. 염분도에 따른 종 조성으로는 20.1${\sim}$25.0$\%{o}$ 범위에서 19종, 0.0${\sim}$5.0$\%{o}$ 범위에서 4종으로 각각 최고, 최저 출현분포를 보였다. 부영양화 단계(TSIm)에 따른 종 분포는 빈영양화 단계에서 25종이었으며, 부영양화 단계에서는 9종이 출현하였다. pH에 따른 종 분포로는 7.6${\sim}$8.0 범위에서 20종으로 가장 많은 출현을 보였지만 9.1${\sim}$9.5 범위에서는 출현종이 없었다. 그리고 용존산소량에 따른 분포로는 6.5${\sim}$7.5 mg/l 범위에서 22종, 14.6${\sim}$15.5 mg/l 범위에서 1종이 출현하여 각각 최고, 최저 출현 분포를 나타내었다. 각 환경요인이 요각류 생물량에 미치는 영향으로는 담수역(정점 1${\sim}$정점 4)에서 COD(15.49%), Cl$^{-}$ (25.86%) 그리고 NO$_{2}$-N (19.75%)가 양의 영향을, NO$_{3}$-N (28.30%)가 음의 영향을 미치고 있으며, 기수역(정점 5${\sim}$정점 12)에서는 수온(29.49%), NO$_{3}$-N (28.27%) 그리고 NO$_{2}$-N (22.87%)가 양의 영향을 미치고 있는 반면, 전도도 (30.18%)와 DO (13.53%)는 음의 영향을 미치고 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the health effects of air conditioning use during the 2018 heat wave in Korea, included the highest temperature ever recorded in the nation. Methods: The participants in this study were 1000 adults aged 19 years and older recruited from across Korea. The participants were asked about their experience of symptoms of various diseases, disruptions of their daily lives, and use of air conditioning during the heat wave. The associations between air conditioning use during the heat wave and health outcomes were analyzed using the chisquare test and multiple logistic regression models. Results: Among participants who lacked air conditioning in the main space where they spent time outside the home, 33.9%, 8.1%, 43.5%, and 19.4% experienced symptoms of heat-related, cardiovascular, nervous system diseases, and air-conditioningitis, respectively. In comparison, participants who did have air conditioning outside the home experienced the same symptoms at proportions of 21.0%, 1.9%, 26.8%, and 34.2%, respectively (p=0.027, 0.007, 0.007, and 0.023, respectively). Among participants who had no air conditioner at home, 10.0% were absent from school or work due to the heat wave. In contrast, among participants who had an air conditioner at home, only 3.7% were absent as a result of the heat wave (p=0.007). Conclusions: When air conditioning was not used at home or in the main space where participants spent time outside the home during the 2018 heat wave, adverse health effects were more prevalent, but the risk of air-conditioningitis was reduced.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to compare the intrinsic absorptivity of piperacillin in the jejunum and the nasal cavity, to investigate the effect of bile salts, fatty acids and their mixed micelles on the intestinal and nasal absorption of piperacilIin, to examine the reversibiIity of bile salt-fatty acid mixed micelles absorption promoting action and to design an effective intranasal drug delivery system for antibiotics. And absorption promoters used were bile salts [sodium cholate (NaC), sodium glycocholate (NaGC)], unsaturated fatty acids [oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA)] and their mixed micelles (NaC-LA). The present study employed the in situ nasal and intestinal perfusion technique in rats. The apparent permeabilities $(P_{app})$ of piperacillin were $0.40{\pm}0.04{\times}10^{-5}cm/sec(mean{\pm}S.E)$ in the jejunum and $1.32{\pm}0.08{\times}10^{-5}\;cm/sec$ in the nasal cavity, which indicated that intrinsic absorptivity of piperacillin was greater in the nasal cavity than in the jejunum. When absorption promoters were used in the rat nasal cavity, the decreasing order of apparent piperacillin permeability $(P_{app},\;10^{-5}\;cm/sec)$, corrected for surface area of absorption, was NaC-LA $(4.62{\pm}0.16)$> NaC $(4.36{\pm}0.32)$>LA$(2.24{\pm}0.26)$ NaGC $(2.17{\pm}0.21)$>OA $(1.53{\pm}0.16)$. The increase in permeability of piperacillin was 3.5-fold in the rat nasal cavity and 1.5-fold in the rat jejunum for formulations containing NaC-LA mixed micelles as compared to those without absorption enhancer. The effect of NaC-LA mixed micellar solutions was synergistic and was greater than that with single adjuvant. The reversibility of nasal mucosal permeability was observed within approximately 2 hr after removal of NaCLA mixed micelles from the nasal cavity. These results suggest that NaC-LA mixed micelles can be used as nasal mucosal absorption promoters of poorly absorbed drugs.