• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.212-223
• /
• 1998

여천공단 주변 산림지역의 식물군집구조를 밝히고 13년간 변화를 파악하기 위하여 300$m^2$ 조사구를 27개소 설정하였다. DCA ordination분석 결과 곰솔군집, 곰솔-참나무류군집, 곰솔-사스레피나무군집, 소나무-곰솔군집, 소나무군집으로 나누어졌다. 5개 군집의 천이경향을 살펴보면 곰솔-참나무류군집, 소나무-곰솔군집은 졸참나무, 상수리나무를 중심으로한 참나무류군집으로 변화될 것이며, 곰솔군집, 곰솔-사스레피나무군집, 소나무군집은 현상태를 유지할 것으로 판단되었다. 5개 군집의 토양산도는 pH 4.38~4.61로 산성토양이었으며, 유기물함량, 치환성양이온(C $a^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$, $K^{+}$)함량은 전국토양의 평균치보다 낮은 상태로 불량하였다. 13년간의 식물군집구조와 토양특성변화를 살펴보면 종수, Shannon의 종다양도, 최대종다양도에 있어 1983년보다 1996년이 높아졌으며, 토양특성도 동일한 경향이었다.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.27-33
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 간호사의 수면장애, 조직 내지지, 건강증진행위가 소진에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 시도된 서술적 상관관계연구이다. 연구대상자는 B와 G시에 소재한 200병상 이상 300병상 미만 병원에서 근무 중인 간호사 256명을 대상으로 하였다. 자료 수집은 2017년 9월 4일부터 9월 11일까지 이며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 20.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 소진은 평균 28.90±4.00점이며, 소진은 수면장애(r=-.321, p<.001), 조직 내 지지(r=-.321, p<.001), 건강증진행위(r=-.519, p<.001), 소진에 미치는 영향요인은 조직 내 지지(β=-.113, p=.045), 수면장애(β=-.129, p<.040), 성별(β=-.131, p=.024), 건강증진행위(β=-.423, p<.001)이며, 설명력은 32.2%이었다. 간호사의 소진을 조절할 수 있는 각종 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2003

The DC and RF characteristics of $In_{0.5}Ga_{0.5}P/In_{0.22}Ga_{0.78}As/GaAs$ p-HEMTs with a gate oxide layer of various thicknesses ($50{\;}{\AA},{\;}300{\;}{\AA}$) were investigated and compared with those of a Schottky-gate p-HEMT without the gate oxide layer. A prominent improvement in the breakdown voltage characteristics were observed for a p-HEMT having a gate oxide layer, which was implemented by using a liquid phase oxidation technique. The on-state breakdown voltage of the p-HEMT having the oxide layer of $50{\;}{\AA}$was ~2.3 times greater than that of a Schottky-gate p-HEMT. However, the p-HEMT having the gate oxide layer of $300{\;}{\AA}$ suffered from a poor gate-control capability due to the drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) resulting from the thick gate oxide inspite of the lower gate leakage current and the higher on-state breakdown voltage. The results for a primitive p-HEMT having the gate oxide layer without any optimization of the structure and the process indicate the potential of p-HEMT having the gate oxide layer for high-power applications.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 친환경농자재로 선정된 목초액이 돈분 퇴비화 과정중 이화학성과 부숙도에 미치는 영향을 평가하고 그 이용가치를 구명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 퇴비더미의 온도는 목초액 PAL-100 처리구에서 약 8일내에 가장 빠르게 $65-70^{\circ}C$ 정도에 도달하였으며, 약30일 이후에는 변화가 안정화되어 약 $28^{\circ}C$를 유지하였다. 반면, 관행구는 초기의 약 $60^{\circ}C$에서 반복적인 뒤집기와 수분조절에 따른 온도의 증감을 보인 후 약 50일 전후에는 안정화 되었다. pH는 발효초기에 PAL-100 처리구에서 가장 크게 감소하였으나 약 10일내로 서서히 증가한 후 감소하여 최종적으로 7.6을 유지하였고, PAL-300 처리에서는 최종 pH가 7.7이었으며 관행구에서는 약 8.0으로 조사되었다. 그리고 모든 처리구에서 총탄소는 감소하였으며, 부피의 감소에 따른 용적밀도를 기준으로 계산된 총질소는 증가하였다. C/N율의 감소는 PAL-100, PAL-300 및 관행구 순서로 컸으며, 최종 퇴비의 C/N율은 PAL-100, PAL-300 및 관행구 각각 24.3, 29.6, 37.0이었다. 또한 퇴비의 부숙도와 안전성 평가는 원형여지크로마토그래피와 식물독성실험으로 조사하였는데, 목초액을 처리한 PAL-100과 PAL-300 처리구가 관행구의 여지보다 테두리에 용액의 전개현상으로 본 부숙의 안정화가 빨랐음을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히, 최종퇴비의 GI는 PAL-100 처리구가 관행구보다 약 20% 높은 결과를 보였다. 이는 퇴비의 부숙도가 더욱 안정화 되어 식물의 생육에 저해를 주지 않음을 나타내는 것이라고 판단된다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 목초액을 약 100-300배로 희석하여 퇴비더미를 교반할 때 약 3회 정도 살포해 주면 퇴비 내 미생물의 증식을 도모하여 퇴비의 부숙 촉진을 가져올 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.685-692
• /
• 2001

Study the variation of low frequency electrical stimulation on human metabolism which serum to test the increasement of creatine- kinase, myoglobin, lactate .and pyruvate. The results were as followed: 1) Creatine kinase increasement showed significant difference between 200 Hz stimulation group and control group, and also between 300Hz stimulation group and control group, but no significant increasement difference showed in 50 Hz stimulation group compared to control group. 2) Lactate increasement showed significant difference in 200 Hz stimulation group and 300 Hz stimulation group compared to control group, but no significant difference showed in 50 Hz stimulation group. 3) Pyruvate increasement showed significant difference in 50 Hz stimulation group and 200 Hz stimulation group compared to control group, but no significant increasement difference showed between 50 Hz stimulation group and control group. (P < 0.05) 4) Myoglobin increasement showed significant difference in 50Hz stimulation group and 200 Hz stimulation group compared to control group, and also in 200 Hz stimulation group and 300 Hz stimulation group compared to 50Hz stimulation group. ( P < 0.05)

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제28권11호
• /
• pp.1417-1423
• /
• 2004

The thickness of laminar flame and preheat zone was computed from equation with burning velocity and the temperature profile, which is obtained by using premix code of Chemkin program for ethanol-air mixture. The computations were carried out under the unburned gas pressure 0.5bar-30bar and temperature of 300k-700K at 1.0. A difference flame thickness showed between temperature profile and equation with burning velocity. The ratio of flame thickness derived from the equation was about 45∼65% of the temperature profile, and the thickness of preheat zone was about 67.1% of the flame thickness. The flame thickness was decreased by increasing the pressure and temperature, but the effect of pressure is more significant than the effect of temperature on the flame thickness. The flame thickness was predicted by using the following equation. X(mm) = $X_{st}$ (T/300)$^{-0}$.65/(P)$^{-0}$.68/ (0.5bar$\leq$P$\leq$30bar, 300K$\leq$T$\leq$700K)K)

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.559-569
• /
• 2003

Purpose: The purpose was to investigate nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes(nosocomial infection, patient fall, pressure ulcer). Method: The subjects of this study were 305 nurses from 20 general hospitals who worked at 39 medical and surgical wards. Self-reporting questionnaire which was developed by the writer through preceding study was used. In data analysis, SPSS WIN 10.0. program was utilized for descriptive statistics, ANOVA. Result: The mean of patient-to-nurse ration was 5.2:1. 65% among 20 hospitals was over 300 beds, 90 was located in urban area and 55 was private hospitals. Patient-to-nurse ration of hospitals in under 300 beds or rural area or private ownership was lower than hospitals in 300 beds or urban area or public ownership. 89.9 among 39 wards was medical or surgical wards. The mean of length of stay, 8-14 days got a majority and showed higher patient-to-nurse ration. Of the general characteristics, rural was significantly hight to patient fall(F=3.205, p<.05), medical unit was significantly high to patient fall, pressure ulcer(patient fall: F=8.890, p<.001, pressure ulcer: F=3.399, p<.05) and over 15 days was significantly higher than under 14 days of the mean of length of stay. And there was significant relationship between over 6.0:1 and over 4.0:1 to less than 5.0:1(F=4.817,p<.01). Conclusion: This study has shown a relationship between patient-to-nurse ration and patient fall using not objective research tool but self-reporting questionnaire. Therefore further research is needed to study using objective research tool. Based on this study, the effect of nurse staffing levels on patient outcome also has to be studied.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.411-430
• /
• 1994

The denture may be fractured accidentally by an impact while outside the mouth, or may be cracked or broken while in service in the mouth. The latter is generally a fatigue failure caused by repeated flexure over a period of time. This investigation compared the flexural fatigue resistance, the impact force and the transverse strength of two denture base materials with and without the grid strengthener, the T300, the T800 and the Kevlar fiber to evaluate the fracture resistance. The distribution and behavior of fibers across fracture lines were examined by Hi-Scope Compact Microvision System. Through analyses of the data from this study, the following conclusions were obtained. 1. The flexural fatigue resistance, impact strength and transverse strength of high impact strength resin were higher than those of conventional heat polymerizing resin, but statistically there was no significant difference(p>0.05). 2. All specimens with and without the grid strengthener did not show significant differences in the flexural fatigue, the impact and the transverse strength test(p>0.05). 3. All specimens reinforced with the T300, the T800 and the Kevlar fiber showed significant increase of the fatigue resistance and the impact force(p<0.05). 4. All specimens reinforced with the T800 and the Kevlar fiber showed significant increase of the transverse strength(p<0.05). 5. All specimens reinforced with the T300, the T800 and the Kevlar fiber exhibited greenstick fractures. The fibers tended to remain enveloped in the resin, resisting pull-out.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2012

Special attention in the role of convection in vapor crystal growth has been paid since some single crystals under high gravity acceleration of $10g_0$ appear considerably larger than those under normal gravity acceleration ($1g_0$). With increasing the gravity acceleration from $1g_0$ up to $10g_0$, the total molar flux for ${\Delta}T$ = 30 K increases by a factor of 4, while for ${\Delta}T$ = 90, by a factor of 3. The maximum molar fluxes for three different gravity levels of $1g_0$, $4g_0$ and $10g_0$, appear approximately in the neighborhood of y = 0.5 cm, and the molar fluxes show asymmetrical patterns, which indicate the occurrence of either one single or more than one convective cell. As the gravitational level is enhanced form $1g_0$ up to $10g_0$, the intensity of convection is increased significantly through the maximum molar fluxes for ${\Delta}T$ = 30 K and 90 K. At $10g_0$, the maximum total molar flux is nearly invariant for for ${\Delta}T$ = 30 K and 90 K. The total molar flux increases with increasing the gravity acceleration, for $1g_0{\leq}g_y{\leq}10g_0$, and decreases with increasing the partial pressure of component B, a noble gas called as Kr (Krypton), $P_B$. The ${{\mid}U{\mid}}_{max}$ is directly proportional to the gravity acceleration for 20 Torr $P_B{\leq}300$ Torr. As the partial pressure of $P_B$ (Torr) decreases from 300 Torr to 20 Torr, the slopes of the ${{\mid}U{\mid}}_{max}s$ versus the gravity accelerations increase from 0.29 sec to 0.54 sec, i.e. by a factor of 2. The total molar flux of $Hg_2Cl_2$ is first order exponentially decayed with increasing the partial pressure of component B, $P_B$ (Torr) from 20 Torr up to 300 Torr.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.219-225
• /
• 1982

1) 2성분계 도지두부의 유효열전도도($\lambda_e$)를 $0\sim20^{\circ}C$ 및$-5\sim-20^{\circ}C$의 범위내에서 측정한 결과, 수분함양의 증감에 따라 $\lambda_e$값도 증감했으며, 동결점이상의 온도대에서는 온도의 상승과 함께 $\lambda_e$값도 커지고, 동결점 이하에서는 온도의 하강과 함께 $\lambda_e$값이 커졌다. 2) 3성분계 두부의 유효열전도는 수분함양이 증가함에 따라 $\lambda_e$값은 커져가나 지질의 함양이 증가함에 따라 $\lambda_e$값은 작아졌다. $\lambda_e$값의 온도의존성은 2성분계도지두부의 경우와 유사했다. 3)대대단백질의 고유열전도도는 미동결상태에서 $\lambda_p=0.300[W/m{\bullet}k](0\sim-20^{\circ}C)$이고, 동결상태에서 $\lambda_p=0.488[W/m{\bullet}k](-5\sim-20^{\circ}C)$였으며 이들은 실험온도 범위내에서 온도의존성을 나타내지 않았다. 4) 대두단상질의 고유열전도도의 추정치 $\lambda_p=0.300$과 $\lambda_p=0.488$의 타당성을 지질의 함양이 상이한 2종류의 3성분계 두부에 적용한 결과, 실측치와 계산치는 잘 일치했다.