• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2008

The Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) has been shown to regulate transcription of cell cycle genes essential for $G_1$-S and $G_2$-M progression, including $p27^{kip1}$. The $p27^{kip1}$ gene is a member of the universal cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor family. Immunohistochemical studies for FoxM1 and $p27^{kip1}$ were performed in 154 lung cancers (69 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 85 adenocarcinomas (ADC)). Immunoreactivity for FoxM1 and $p27^{kip1}$ were found in 79 (51.3%) and 49 (31.8%) out of 154 cases, respectively. Forty-six (58.2%) of the 79 cases with a positive FoxM1 immunoreactivity showed a negative $p27^{kip1}$ expression in 154 lung cancers. According to histologic type, 22 (53.7%) of the 41 SCC cases with a positive FoxM1 immunoreactivity showed a negative $p27^{kip1}$ expression and 24 (63.2%) of the 38 ADC cases with a positive FoxM1 immunoreactivity showed a negative $p27^{kip1}$ expression. The expression of $p27^{kip1}$ was significantly higher in the SCC than in the ADC (P=0.050). There were no significant associations between the FoxM1 and $p27^{kip1}$ expressions and other clinicopathologic factors. These findings suggest that FoxM1 overexpression may diminish the expression of $p27^{kip1}$ protein in lung cancers. Further studies are needed to define the relation between FoxM1 and $p27^{kip1}$ for examining the mechanisms of tissue-specific FoxM1 expression.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2002

SIVmac239 isolate의 p27유전자를 PCR로 증폭하여 pMAL-cri vector에 cloning하였다. 이를 Escherichia coli.에서 발현시켜 정제하여 국내에 수입된 macaque 11마리와 marmoset 21마리의 혈청에서 SIV 항체를 immunoblot으로 검사한 결과 macaque 1마리가 SIV 감염이 의심되었다. 또한 정제된 재조합 단백질을 이용하여 check board system으로 ELISA 방법의 최적 조건을 확립하였다. 정제 p27 항원 200ng/well을 plate에 coating하기에 적합하였고 conjugate는 1:1000으로 희석하는 것이 가장 좋았으며 위의 32 마리의 혈청을 ELISA로 검사한 결과 모두 anti-SIV 음성이었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2009

인터루킨 27(IL-27)은 인터루킨 12계열의 이성이량체 사이토카인으로 EBI3와 p28의 두 서브유니트로 구성 되어 있다. 인터루킨 27은 Th1 개시의 초기 조절에 관여하는 사이토카인으로 Th2 인자인 GATA-3의 작용을 억제하는 역할을 한다. 이 사이토카인은 $CD4^+$ T 림프구와 자연살해세포에서 아주 높게 발현하는 수용체(WSX-1)에 의하여 매개된다. 우리들은 사람의 IL-27p28유전자에서 네 개의 유전자다형성 부위를 찾아서 이들 유전자다형성이 기관지 천식의 감수성에 영향을 미치는 것을 보고한 바 있다. 이 연구에서는 IL-27p28 유전자의 유전자다형성이 알레르기성 비염의 감수성에 영향을 미치는 지를 알아보기 위하여 이들 다형성에 있어서 알레르기성 비염환자 군과 정상인군 사이의 유전자형 및 대립형질의 빈도를 비교분석 하였다. 비록 알레르기성 비염환자 군에서 IL-27p28 유전자의 유전자다형성의 유전자형 및 대립형질의 빈도의 차는 정상인 군의 그것과 큰 차이가 없었으나, g.2905T>G SNP에서 두 그룹간에 주목할만한 차이(P=0.037)를 발견하였다. 이 결과는 IL-27p28 유전자의 g.2905T>G 유전자 형성이 알레르기성 비염환자에서 IgE의 생산에 영향을 준다는 것을 암시한다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

Clotrimazole (CLT), a potent antifungal drug, is known to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. In the present study, we examined the role of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in CLT-induced cell cycle arrest of colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cells. CLT inhibited growth of HT29 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with inhibition of cell cycle progression at the G(1)-S phase transition and an increase in the expression of cell cycle inhibitor proteins p27 and p53. CLT also suppressed the $Ca^{2+}$ overload by A23187, a calcium ionophore, suggesting its role in modulation of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in HT29 cells. The simultaneous application of CLT and A23187 with addition of $CaCl_2$ (1mM) to the medium significantly reversed CLT-induced p27 and p53 protein level increase and growth suppression. Our results suggest that CLT induces cell cycle arrest of colon adenocarcinoma HT29 cells via induction of p27 and p53, which may, at least in part, be mediated by alteration of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ level.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.852-857
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• 2008

Little attention has been paid to the specificity between E2 and the target protein during ubiquitination, although RING-E3 induces a potential intra-molecular reaction by mediating the direct transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the target protein. We have constructed artificial E2 fusion proteins in which a target protein (p27) is tethered to one of six E2s via a flexible linker. Interestingly, only three E2s (UbcH5b, hHR6b, and Cdc34) are able to ubiquitinate p27 via an intra-molecular reaction in this system. Although the first ubiquitination of p27 (p27-Ub) by Cdc34 is less efficient than that of UbcH5b and hHR6b, the additional ubiquitin attachment to p27-Ub by Cdc34 is highly efficient. The E2 core of Cdc34 provides specificity to p27, and the residues 184-196 are required for possessive ubiquitination by Cdc34. We demonstrate direct E2 specificity for p27 and also show that differential ubiquitin linkages can be dependent on E2 alone.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2007

T cell proliferation is a pivotal to an effective immune response. Cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor, $p27^{kip1}$ is degraded to initiate T cell expansion. In this study, we show that although the expression of $p27^{kip1}$ protein was down-regulated, that of $p21^{cip1}$, another cdk inhibitor, was up-regulated in $CD8^+$ T cells following in vitro stimulation. Ex vivo gB antigen-stimulation following HSV immunization increased $p21^{cip1}$ positive cells that co-expressed IFN-$\gamma$. Moreover, $p21^{cip1}$ was co-expressed with IFN-${\gamma}$ in E7 antigen-stimulated $CD8^+$ T cells, whereas $p27^{kip1}$ was not. Our findings imply a role of $p21^{cip1}$ proteins in antigen-induced effector $CD8^+$ T cells differentiation in vivo.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2019

Pituitary tumors are usually benign but can occasionally exhibit hormonal and proliferative behaviors. Dysregulation of the G1/S restriction point largely contributes to the over-proliferation of pituitary tumor cells. F-box protein S-phase kinase-interacting protein-2 (SKP2) reportedly targets and inhibits the expression of $p27^{Kip1}$, a well-known negative regulator of G1 cell cycle progression. In this study, SKP2 expression was found to be upregulated while $p27^{Kip1}$ expression was determined to be downregulated in rat and human pituitary tumor cells. Furthermore, SKP2 knockdown induced upregulation of $p27^{Kip1}$ and cell growth inhibition in rat and human pituitary tumor cells, while SKP2overexpression elicited opposite effects on $p27^{Kip1}$ expression and cell growth. The expression of microRNA-186 (miR-186) was reported to be reduced in pituitary tumors. Online tools predicted SKP2 to be a direct downstream target of miR-186, which was further confirmed by luciferase reporter gene assays. Moreover, miR-186 could modulate the cell proliferation and $p27^{Kip1}$-mediated cell cycle alternation of rat and human pituitary tumor cells through SKP2. As further confirmation of these findings, miR-186 and $p27^{Kip1}$ expression were downregulated, while SKP2 expression was upregulated in human pituitary tumor tissue samples; thus, SKP2 expression negatively correlated with miR-186 and $p27^{Kip1}$ expression. In contrast, miR-186 expression positively associated with $p27^{Kip1}$ expression. Taken together, we discovered a novel mechanism by which miR-186/SKP2 axis modulates pituitary tumor cell proliferation through $p27^{Kip1}$-mediated cell cycle alternation.

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.199-204
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• 2010

The protein p104 was first isolated as a binding partner of the Src homology domain of phospholipase C$\gamma$1, and has been shown to associate with p85$\alpha$, Grb2. The ectopic expression of p104 reduced cellular growth rate, which was also achieved with the overexpression of only the proline-rich region of p104. The proline-rich region of p104 has been found to inhibit the colony formation of platelet-derived growth factor BB-stimulated NIH3T3 cells and MCF7 cancer cells on soft agar. Mutagenesis analysis showed that the second and third proline-rich regions are essential for growth control, as well as for interaction with p85$\alpha$. Overexpression of p104 increased the level of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, $p27^{Kip1}$, and inhibited the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). In summary, p104 interacts with p85$\alpha$ and is involved in the regulation of $p27^{Kip1}$ expression for the reduction of cellular proliferation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1999

리그닌분해균 LSK-27 균주로부터 Manganese peroxidase (MnP) 생산을 위한 배지조건과 Mn(II) 첨가효과를 검토하였다. LSK-27균주에 의한 균체외 MnP 생산에는 탄소원보다 질소원의 영향이 크게 나타났다. 질소원으로는 peptone 이나 yeast extract와 같은 복합 유기질소원이 효과적이었으며 특히 질소원의 농도가 높은 조건에서 MnP activity가 우수하였다. 질소원으로서 peptone 농도 1.0%까지는 뚜렷한 activity 증가를 가져왔으나 1.5%이상의 농도에서는 MnP activity 증가효과가 크게 나타나지 않았다. 반면에 탄소원의 농도에 의한 MnP activity 증가효과는 glucose농도 1.0% 에서 3.0%까지 거의 비슷한 수준이었다. Mn(II)는 높은 MnP 유도효과를 나타냈으며 첨가농도 100ppm 까지 MnP activity의 증가효과를 보였고 그 이상의 농도에서는 MnP 생산이 억제되었다. Mn(II)는 배양 2일 후에 첨가하였을 때 MnP activitv 증가가 가장 높게 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1790-1794
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• 2012

Recently, it has been suggested that $p27^{Kip1}$, the cell cycle regulatory protein, plays a pivotal role in the progression of normal differentiation in murine embryonic stem (mES) cells. In the current study, we investigated the role of $p27^{Kip1}$ in the regulation of differentiation and apoptotic induction using Western blotting, quantitative real-time RT-PCR, and small interfering RNA (siRNA) assays and confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of H9 human ES (hES) cells and H9-derived embryoid bodies (EBs) grown for 10 ($EB_{10}$) and 20 days ($EB_{20}$). Our results demonstrate that the proteins $p27^{Kip1}$ and cyclin D3 are strongly associated with cellular differentiation, and, for the first time, show that up-regulation of $p27^{Kip1}$ protects hES cells from inducing differentiation-associated and caspase 3-dependent apoptosis.