• Current Applied Physics
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1600-1604
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• 2018

This paper reports on a systematic and quantitative assessment of light induced degradation (LID) and regeneration in full Al-BSF and passivated emitter rear contact cells (PERC) along with the fundamental understanding of the difference between the two. After LID, PERC cells showed a much greater loss in cell efficiency than full Al-BSF cells (~0.9% vs ~0.6%) because the degradation in bulk lifetime also erodes the benefit of superior BSRV in PERC cells. Three main regeneration conditions involving the combination of heat and light ($75^{\circ}C/1\;Sun/48h$, $130^{\circ}C/2\;Suns/1.5h$ and $200^{\circ}C/3\;Suns/30s$) were implemented to eliminate LID loss due to BO defects. Low temperature/long time ($75^{\circ}C/48h$) and high temperature/short time ($200^{\circ}C/30s$) regeneration process was unable to reach 100% stabilization. The intermediate temperature/time ($130^{\circ}C/1.5h$) generation achieved nearly full recovery and stabilization (over 99%) for both full Al-BSF and PERC cells. We discussed the effect of temperature, time and suns in regeneration mechanism for two cells.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2024

Numerous studies have indicated that low levels of serum adiponectin are linked with the development of various chronic diseases. While some recent research has suggested that soy has a positive impact on serum adiponectin levels, the results are inconsistent. Therefore, we aim to conduct a thorough systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigate the effects of soy on serum adiponectin levels in adults. The search was conducted until March 2024 on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to identify RCTs that studied the effects of soy supplementation on serum adiponectin levels. A random-effects model was used to pool the weighted mean differences (WMDs). Ten and nine RCTs were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. After analyzing data from 9 eligible RCTs, it was found that soy supplementation did not significantly impact the concentrations of adiponectin (WMD = -0.24㎍/mL; 95% confidence interval, -1.56 to 1.09; p = 0.72). However, there was significant heterogeneity between the studies (I² = 89.8%, p < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis showed that overall estimates were not affected by the elimination of any study. We did not observe any evidence regarding publication bias. In conclusion, soy supplementation did not have a significant effect on adiponectin levels in adults. However, further RCTs are needed with longer intervention duration, higher doses, and studies conducted in different countries.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2008

P2P 응용 프로그램들은 일반적으로 방화벽과 같은 보호시스템을 피하기 위해, 동적인 포트 번호 등을 사용하기도 한다. 그에 따라 포트 기반의 방법과 시그너처, 패킷 페이로드의 전수 검사 등을 통해 트래픽 식별을 하는 많은 방법론을 이용하지만, 여전히 정성적인 면과 정량적인 면을 만족시키지 못하고 있다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 P2P가 기본적으로 가지는 프로토콜의 성격을 이용하여 P2P의 트래픽 특성들을 분석하고 플로우 단위로 트래픽을 수집한 후, SVM을 이용하여 P2P 트래픽을 식별할 수 있는 방법론을 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2002

Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of P/M 6061 Al alloy subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) were investigated. The P/M 6061 Al alloy had an intial grain size of approximately $20\mutextrm{m}$. An equiaxed ultra-fine grained structure with the mean grain size of $~50 \mutextrm{m}$ was obtained by four repetitive ECAP at 473 K. The microhardness of P/M 6061 Al alloy was drastically increased from about 40 Hv to 80 Hv by two repetitive ECAP at 373 K. However, the microhardness decreased with increasing ECAP temperature. The tensile stength of as-hot-pressed P/M 6061 Al alloy before ECAP was 95 MPa, whereas it increased to both 248 MPa after two repetitive ECAP at 373 K and 130 MPa after four repetitive ECAP at 473 K. The tensile properties of the ECAPed sample were compared with those of commercial cast 6061-O and 6061-T4 Al alloys.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2004년도 정기총회 및 제33차 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.127-130
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• 2004

본 연구는 발효시킨 머루주박을 배합사료와 혼합하여 급여한 돈육의 품질특성을 검토하기 위하여 실시하였다. 수분, 조단백질 및 조회분은 급여돈육과 대조돈육이 비슷하였으나, 지방함량은 급여돈육이 높았고, 콜레스테롤 함량은 급여돈육이 2.19 mg/100g으로 대조돈육의 61.13 mg/100g보다 현저하게 낮았다. 휘발성 염기질소와 pH는 두개의 시료가 비슷하였으나, TBARS 값은 급여돈육이 대조돈육보다 낮았다. 육색의 경우 급여돈육의 적색도 및 황색도가 대조돈육보다 높았으며, 지방색의 경우 명도와 황색도는 두 개의 시료가 차이가 없었으나 적색도는 급여돈육이 높았다. 아미노산 조성은 glutamic acid가 가장 많았고, 포화지방산은 stearic acid, 불포화지방산은 oleic acid가 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며, 급여돈육의 EPA, DHA 함량이 대조돈육보다 높았다. 그리고 대조돈육의 점착성, 응집성, 저작성, 전단력가가 급여돈육보다 높았으며, 보수력은 급여돈육이 높게 나타났다. 관능검사 결과 급여돈육의 맛(p<0.001), 향기(p<0.01), 풍미(p<0.001), 다즙성(p<0.01) 및 전체적인 기호성(p<0.01)이 대조돈육보다 유의하게 높았다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 학계
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• pp.127-130
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• 2009

Recently agricultural productivity innovation projects are increasing all over the farming countries. To reform and improve the productivity of agricultural industry is important factors. This research is to do the functional Analysis for P-C-M support System Design in Agricultural Facilities. By analyzing the for P-C-M support System modules in the agricultural construction process, P-C-M support System factors are derived and defined. The result of this study would widely be used as a fundamental research guide to develop the agricultural P-C-M support System in the agricultural construction process.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2017

본 연구는 중소제조업의 NCS 기반 교육훈련이 직무수행에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, NCS적용 교육훈련이 직무수행을 높이는 데 미친 영향을 분석한 결과 집체교육이 직무지식(p<.001, ${\beta}=5.130$), 현장훈련이 직무기술(p<.01, ${\beta}=3.783$), 현장훈련이 직무태도(p<.05, ${\beta}=-2.448$)에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, NCS 기반 교육훈련이 직무수행 상관관계에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 직무기술과 직무지식(p<.01, ${\beta}=.740$), 직무기술과 집체교육(p<.01, ${\beta}=.459$), 직무지식과 집체교육(p<.01, ${\beta}=.575$)과 직무태도와 현장훈련(p<.05, ${\beta}=-.320$), 집체교육과 현장훈련(p<.05, ${\beta}=.268$)이 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 일반적 특성의 연령이 직무태도에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 20대(3.44), 30대(3.26), 40대(3.63)보다 50대(3.75)가 직무태도가 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 중소제조업의 NCS 기반 교육훈련이 직무수행에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 성과 분석에 관한 연구의 폭을 넓히고 학습형태에 따른 효과성을 규명하는 데 연구의 의의가 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare EMG activity for pectoralis major muscle during shoulder movement with various abduction angle and rotation position in supine position. Fifteen healthy subjects were recruited for this study. All subjects performed shoulder horizontal adduction holding a 2 kg dumbbell in shoulder abduction $40^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$, $160^{\circ}C$ with shoulder neutral, internal rotation (IR), and external rotation (ER). Surface EMG activity was recorded from pectoralis major clavicle part and pectoralis major sternum part for 5 seconds and EMG activity was normalized to the value of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). Dependent variables were examined with 3 (Neutral, IR, ER) ${\times}$ 5 ($40^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$, $160^{\circ}C$) analysis of variance with repeated measures. The EMG activity of pectoralis major muscle was significantly different between shoulder abduction angles and between shoulder rotation positions (p<.05). The highest value of EMG activity of pectoralis major clavicle part among shoulder abduction angles was in $70^{\circ}C$ and, $90^{\circ}C$ in that order. The highest value of EMG activity of pectoralis major sternum part among shoulder abduction angles was in $130^{\circ}C$ and, $90^{\circ}C$ in that order. According to the rotation degree, shoulder ER showed the highest value and IR showed the lowest value in both muscle parts. These results suggest that shoulder abduction $70^{\circ}C$, $90^{\circ}C$, $130^{\circ}C$ will be effective during manual muscle testing (MMT) and strengthening exercise for pectoralis major muscle. It is also supposed that shoulder ER is the efficient posture for strengthening of pectoralis major muscle.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 1997

A study was performed to examine the aging behaviors of Al-2.1Li-2.9Cu alloy by differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy. DSC measurements were conducted over the temperature range of $25{\sim}550^{\circ}C$ at a heating rate of $5^{\circ}C$/min. for the specimens aged at 130, 160, $190^{\circ}C$ and $220^{\circ}C$ for various times after solution treatment at $540^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The peaks due to the formation of G.P.zone were not detected in the specimens aged at 130 and $160^{\circ}C$, but those at 190 and $220^{\circ}C$ appeared in DSC curves. The heat absorption due to the dissolution of ${\delta}^{\prime}$ phase was increased with increasing aging time at $130^{\circ}C$ aging. In contrast, those values for the specimens aged at 160 and $190^{\circ}C$ were initially increased and inversely decreased at the transition time of 72 and 1 hour, respectively. The heat evolution due to the formation of $T_1$ phase was nearly unchanged at $130^{\circ}C$ aging, but at $160^{\circ}C$ and $190^{\circ}C$ aging, drastically decreased after the transition time. It can be considered that the increase of $T_1$ phase results in the decrease of ${\delta}^{\prime}$ phase when aging time is longer than the transition time. The hardness of the specimen aged at $190^{\circ}C$ is initially higher compared with that at $160^{\circ}C$, however, the peak hardness shows the lower value than that at $160^{\circ}C$.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2018

The aim of this present study was to investigate the impact of different seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizing levels on the seed yield and feed value of oats(Avena sativa L.) grown in Gyeongbuk area for two years. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with 3 main plots(100, 130 and 160 kg of seed/ha) and 4 subplots(0, 50, 70 and 90 kg N/ha), with 3 replicates. Heading, flowering, and maturing dates of oats sown in spring 2017, delayed by two days compared to that of spring 2016, and the plant height of spring 2017 were significantly shorter than that of spring 2016(18.1 ~ 23.4 cm). In addition, the highest number of stems and number of panicles according to different seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizing levels were achieved with the seeding rate of 160 kg/ha and 90 kg of N/ha in 2016 and 2017, respectively. In case of seed yield as affected by different seeding rate, the highest seed yield was achieved with a seeding rate of 130 kg/ha(p<0.05), and based on nitrogen fertilizing levels, the highest yield was obtained in 50 kg of N/ha compared to others. The crude fiber(CF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and total digestible nutrients(TDN) of oats cultivated and harvested in spring 2016 and 2017 according to different sowing rate were the highest in the seeding rate of 130 kg/ha. The crude protein(CP) content and total digestible nutrients(TDN) of 2016-2017 as influenced by nitrogen fertilizer levels were the highest in the nitrogen fertilizer level of 90 and 50 kg N/ha, respectively. In conclusion, the proper seeding rate and the optimal nitrogen fertilizing level in Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk province were considered to be the most appropriate in 130 kg/ha and 50 kg of N/ha, respectively.