• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2003

As part of studies on the high quality dunggule tea, made of Polygonatum odoratum root with different growth year were analyzed for their flavor compounds. The quality attributes related to flavors were compared between raw and roasted samples which were treated at $130^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. Free sugars in the roots were mainly composed of fructose ($3.59{\sim}4.83%,\;d.b.$), sucrose ($1.78{\sim}2.49%$), and glucose ($1.60{\sim}1.80%$). Threonine ($1,239{\sim}1,444\;mg/100g,\;d.b.$), arginine ($589{\sim}689$), histidine ($289{\sim}370$) were three major free amino acids. The root grown for three years showed the highest content in total free sugar and amino acids (p<0.05). There was negligible difference in proximate composition and Hunter's color parameter depending on the growth year of the roots. However, sensory scores on color, taste and aroma were highest in 3 years' root, which is found most suitable for the preparation of dunggule tea. The roasting of 3 years old root significantly reduced the content of fructose and sucrose (p<0.01). It caused most apparent changes in the decreasing amount of threonine and in the decreasing rate of lysine, showing the significant decrease in total free amino acid content (p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.24-37
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• 2001

Physical and chemical properties of the northest Equatorial Pacific between 5° and 12° N along 131.5 °W wore investigated in association with changes in water column structures during the summer seasons of 1998 and 1999. Climatic disturbances such as El Nino and La Nina, should have affected this area during the study Period. In 1998, a thermocline where temperature rapidly decrease with depth, was formed at 90～110 m water depth. Nutrient depicting areas, specially for nitrate+nitrite and phosphate, or oligotrophic regions were extended down to approximately 100 m depth, which coincided with the surface mixed layer depth. However, in 1999, a very fluctuating thermocline was observed with latitudes. As a result of changes in the water column structures, nutrient concentrations also showed fluctuation parallel to the changes in other physical parameters. In the photic zone, depth integrated nitrogen and phosphorus values were 34 gN/m², 7 gP/m² in 1998 and 130 gN/m², 18 gP/m² in 1999, respectively. The results indicated that nitrogen (96 gN/m²) and phosphorus (11 gP/m²) are supported by up-welling and down-welling phenomena with convergence and divergence in the study area.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-22
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• 2018

This descriptive investigation aims to identify a relationship between QOL, depression, and anxiety in hemodialysis patients. I conducted this research on 130 subjects aged 19 or above who have received dialysis for at least one month in the hemodialysis unit at N hospital in the city of S. However, it came to 112 as I took out those who either quit, died, or filled out a questionnaire in the incorrect manner. In regards to average points of QOL on a 100-point scale, it is 57.77, demonstrating quite low QOL. Concerning average points of depression and anxiety, it is 12.25 and 10.52, respectively, showing quite a high figure. With regard to a correlation, there is a significant correlation between the three factors in hemodialysis patients: there is a negative correlation between QOL and depression (r=-.782, p<.001); a negative correlation between QOL and anxiety (r=-.719, p<.001); and a positive correlation between depression and anxiety (r=.873, p<.001). The outcome of multiple regression analysis on factors affecting QOL shows that depression is the element influencing QOL (β=-.585). Therefore, this study is significant in providing basic data for establishing intervention strategies aiming to reduce levels of depression which has the strongest impact on QOL in the patients and for developing a nursing intervention program intending to improve their QOL.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.130-141
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• 2017

This study examined the effects of learners' job competency development on their vocational key competency improvement in lifelong education based on national competency standards. A survey was empirically carried out to 480 learners of lifelong education institutions in Seoul and the results were statistically analyzed. Covariance analysis was conducted to allow for external influences of lifelong education learners' educational environment in the process that verifies the effects of job competency development on vocational key competencies classified into 4 units, namely, mathematical skill, problem-solving skill, resource management skill, and communication skill. The findings are summarized as follows. First, all factors of job competency development had no effect on mathematical competency in the single dimension. Second, the testing of hypothesis 2 showed that education system(F=3.021, p<.05) and curriculum(F=6.684, p<.05) of job competency development factors had a significant positive effect on mathematical competency in the single dimension. Third, the testing of hypothesis 3 showed that only curriculum(F=5.865, p<.05) of job competency development factors had a significant positive effect on resource management in the single dimension. Fourth, the testing of hypothesis 4 showed that all factors of job competency development had no effect on communication in the single dimension. These findings suggest that the proper harmony of both education system and curriculum or all education system, curriculum and evaluation management in the combination of lifelong education support with teaching interaction can have a positive effect on the improvement of communication.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2021

This study is to confirm the range of tube voltage for Chest X-ray in DR system by comparing with dose area product (DAP) and effective dose in efficient detector exposure index (DEI) range. GE definium 8000 was used to for the phantom study. The range of tube voltage is 60~130 kVp and of mAs is 2.5~40 mAs. The acquired images were classified into efficient DEI groups, then calculated effective dose with DAP by using a PC-Based Monte Carlo Program 2.0. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) was measured at 4 regions, including the thoracic spine, the lung area with the ribs, the lung area without the ribs, and the liver by using Picture Archiving and Communication System. The significance of the group for each tube voltage was verified by performing the kruskal-wallis test and the mann-whitney test as a post-test. When set to 4 groups dependned on the tube voltage, DAP showed significant differences; 60 kVp and 80 kVp, and 60 kVp and 90 kVp (p= 0.034, 0.021). Effective dose exhibited no statistically significant differences from the all of the group (p>0.05). SNR exhibited statistically significant differences from the all of the group in the liver except compared to 80 kVp and 90 kVp (p<0.05). Therefore, high tube voltages of 100 kVp or more need to be reconsidered in terms of patient dose and imaging in order to represent an appropriate chest X-ray image in a digital system.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2005

Isolation of a pigment overproducing mutant, P-57, by ultraviolet irradiation of Monascus purpureus KCCM 60016 and investigation of the optimal conditions for pigment production of the mutant were carried out. P-57 mutant produced pigment on solid state culture. Unpolished rice was the best cereal source for pigment production among eight kinds of tested cereal sources for the solid culture of the mutant. The optimal culture condition for pigment production were obtained from the cultivated at $30^{\circ}C,\;90\%$ humidity for 30 days. The P-57 mutant strain showed the best pigment productivity of 160.0 unit at red pigment, 193.6 unit at orange pigment, and 141.6 unit at yellow pigment on solid state culture under optimal condition.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.65-68
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• 2013

A novel bumping process using solder bump maker (SBM) is developed for fine-pitch flip chip bonding. It features maskless screen printing process. A selective solder bumping mechanism without the mask is based on the material design of SBM. Maskless screen printing process can implement easily a fine-pitch, low-cost, and lead-free solder-on-pad (SoP) technology. Its another advantage is ternary or quaternary lead-free SoP can be formed easily. The process includes two main steps: one is the thermally activated aggregation of solder powder on the metal pads on a substrate and the other is the reflow of the deposited powder on the pads. Only a small quantity of solder powder adjacent to the pads can join the first step, so a quite uniform SoP array on the substrate can be easily obtained regardless of the pad configurations. Through this process, an SoP array on an organic substrate with a pitch of 130 ${\mu}m$ is, successfully, formed.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.35 no.1_2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2017

This study is concerned with the existence of positive solution for the following nonlinear elliptic system $$\{-M_1(\int_{\Omega}{\mid}x{\mid}^{-ap}{\mid}{\nabla}u{\mid}^pdx)div({\mid}x{\mid}^{-ap}{\mid}{\nabla}u{\mid}^{p-2}{\nabla}u)\\{\hfill{120}}={\mid}x{\mid}^{-(a+1)p+c_1}\({\alpha}_1A_1(x)f(v)+{\beta}_1B_1(x)h(u)\),\;x{\in}{\Omega},\\-M_2(\int_{\Omega}{\mid}x{\mid}^{-bq}{\mid}{\nabla}v{\mid}^qdx)div({\mid}x{\mid}^{-bq}{\mid}{\nabla}v{\mid}^{q-2}{\nabla}v)\\{\hfill{120}}={\mid}x{\mid}^{-(b+1)q+c_2}\({\alpha}_2A_2(x)g(u)+{\beta}_2B_2(x)k(v)\),\;x{\in}{\Omega},\\{u=v=0,\;x{\in}{\partial}{\Omega},$$ where ${\Omega}$ is a bounded smooth domain of ${\mathbb{R}}^N$ with $0{\in}{\Omega}$, 1 < p, q < N, $0{\leq}a$ < $\frac{N-p}{p}$, $0{\leq}b$ < $\frac{N-q}{q}$ and ${\alpha}_i,{\beta}_i,c_i$ are positive parameters. Here $M_i,A_i,B_i,f,g,h,k$ are continuous functions and we discuss the existence of positive solution when they satisfy certain additional conditions. Our approach is based on the sub and super solutions method.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.45-60
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to assess adolescents' sexuality and to gather student opinions on current school-based sex education in South Korea. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in Seoul, Incheon, and Kyunggi Province to assess the status and needs of high school sexuality education. Survey data was obtained from 1,130 senior high school students. The rates of sexual intercourse for boys and girls were 33.1% and 13.2% respectively. Boys were more likely to be sexually involved (p = .000) and experienced earlier at first sexual intercourse than girls (p = .006). Among students who had sexual intercourse, only 20.3% (21.1% of boys and 19.1% of girls) used contraceptives at first sexual intercourse. The proportion of respondents who had had sexual intercourse was higher among those with poor self-perceived academic performance (p = .000). The proportion was also higher among those with a boy or girl friend (p = .000). Other risk-taking behaviors such as smoking and drinking were associated with sexual activity (p = .000). This study found that most students were not satisfied with sex education because of teachers' lack of information and skills in delivering it. Most teachers providing sex education were not qualified and/or trained. They should receive adequate training and guidelines for the training. Training should also give teachers time to practice and become comfortable in delivering it.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Tai Chi exercise on muscle strength, grip strength, flexibility, pain, depression and self-efficacy in patients with osteoarthritis. Method: With a quasi-experimental design, 46 persons with osteoarthritis were assigned into an experimental group (n=22) or a control group (n=24). Muscle strength, grip strength, flexibility, pain, depression and self-efficacy were measured both before and after the exercise. Data were analyzed with SPSS WIN using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 68 years in the experimental group and 64 years in the control group. After controlling for age and pre-test outcome variables, muscle strength scores (F=-14.8, p= .00), grip strength scores (Rt: F=8.40, p= .01), and self-efficacy (F=47.3, p= .00) improved more in the experimental group than the control group. Joint pain scores (F=15.0, p= .00) and depression scores (F=14.7, p= .00) decreased in the experimental group. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise is likely to be an effective nursing intervention to improve muscle strength, grip strength, and self-efficacy and reduce pain and depression for patients with osteoarthritis.