• 약학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-7
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• 1962

Like the condensation reaction of general aldehyde, that of benzaldehyde with semicarbazide also depends upon the concentration of carbonium ion that is produced by hydrogen ion. The lower pH value is the facility of the formation of carbonium ion in the condensation reaction, while the reactivity of semicarbazide as a reactant is reduced. In this paper, therefore we want to find out the optimum pH value in the condensation reaction of benzaldehyde with semicarbazide. This optimum pH value was determined by using the simple paper-chromatographic method. According to the result of this experiment, the condensation reaction between benzaldehyde and semicarbazide reacts with its highest point at 3.5pH value. It seems clear that at this point the benzaldehyde acquires the most suitable amount of carbonium ion for the condensation reaction with semicarbazide, and the semicarbazide also has the optimum reactivity.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2001

In discrete red and black, you can stake any amount s in your possession, but the value of s takes positive integer value. Suppose your goal is N and your current fortune is f, with 0$\frac{1}{2}$ where the house has the advantage over the player, and with the value of p greater than $\frac{1}{2}$ where the player has the advantage over the house. The optimum strategy at any f when p<$\frac{1}{2}$ is to play boldly, which is to bet as much as you can. The optimum strategy when p>$\frac{1}{2}$ is to bet 1 all the time.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.389-394
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• 2003

Dyeing properties of silk fabric with leaf Mustard was investigated the relation with pH variation, mordants, mordant method. K/S value shows the following sequence: pH 3>pH 5>pH 7>pH 9. K/S value shows high in post mordant conditions. Silk fabric shows the green, blue tone according to mordants(Al, Cu, Fe mordants). The tannic acid treatment silk fabric shows higher than the nontannic acid treatment silk fabric in K/S value. Lighting fastness of tannic acid treatment silk fabric shows better than that of nontannic acid treatment in Cu, Fe mordants. Water fastness of tannic acid treatment silk fabric was wholly improved. Tannic acid treatment improved dyeing properties of silk fabric with leaf Mustard.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to investigate the pH threshold value for the corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete. A method was designed to attain the pH value of the pore solution on the location of the steel in concrete. Then the pH values of the pore solution on the location of steel in concrete were changed by exposing the samples to the environment (CO25%, RH 40%) to accelerate carbonation with different periods. Based on this, the pH threshold value for the corrosion of steel reinforcement had been examined by the methods of half-cell potential and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). The results have indicated that the pH threshold value for the initial corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete was 11.21. However, in the carbonated concrete, agreement among whether steel corrosion was initiatory determined by the detection methods mentioned above could be found.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1292-1303
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• 2015

통계청의 2013년 지역사회 건강 조사 자료에 의하면 제주도는 전국 16개 시 도 중에서 비만율(1위), 고위험 음주율(2위), 남성 흡연율(2위)이 상대적으로 높은 지역으로 대장암, 간암, 폐암, 유방암 등의 발생률이 높을 것으로 추정된다. 연구목적은 이들 암의 발생률과 사망률의 추세를 분석하고 전국 평균과 비교 유사성이 있는지 알아보는 것이다. 분석을 위하여 제주지역암등록소에서 2014년 11월까지 조사한 1999년부터 2012까지 자료를 이용했으며, 분석은 Joinpoint 회귀 순열 검사방법을 이용 평균 연간 % 변화율(AAPC)과 전국 평균과의 유사성 검사(parallelism test)를 했다. 남성 대장암은 연령표준화 발생률의 AAPC가 8.4%/년(p-value<.000) 이었으며, 남성 전국 평균과의 유사성은 제주 환자의 가파른 AAPC 상승 때문에 거부되었다(p-value=.047). 남성 간암의 ASR에 대한 AAPC는 -2.98%/년(p-value<.000) 이었으나 전국 평균보다 완만한 감소 때문에 유사성이 거부되었다(p-value=.026). 남성 폐암의 AAPC는 전국 평균과 비교에서 제주도 환자의 2006년부터 2012년 기간에 APC(4.37%/년)가 오히려 증가하여 거부되었다(p-value=.009). 결론으로, 제주도는 남성 대장암, 남성 간암, 남성 폐암의 평균 연간 % 변화율과 변화 추세가 전국 평균과 다르다는 것을 확인하였으므로 원인에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.179-190
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• 2001

The purposes of the study were to develop an instrument for family value and to identify the relationships of family value, family hardiness, and family adaptation by appling the family value scale to family with cancer children. The study was conducted in three phases. 1) A survey was conducted from July 20 to August 20, 1999 and 18 items of general family value scale was modified from the data of 153 fathers and 164 mothers. 2) In-depth interviews were made with 29 parents of cancer children from April 20, 1998 to May 20, 1999 to develop family value scale with cancer children, and 12 statements were developed. 3) The final survey was conducted from July 18, 2000 to August 30, 2000 and the data from 309 parents of children who are diagnosed as cancer, 18 or less years of age, and treated either hospitalized or at the outpatient clinics were analyzed to identify the relationships of the concepts. The data analysis utilized SAS 6.12 and LISREL 8 for descriptive statistics, correlation, and Regression for path analysis. The study findings are as follows. The psychometric testing of general family value scale was Cronbach's alpha = 0.78. The reliability of the family value scale with cancer children showed the reliability as Cronbach's alpha = 0.73. Demographic characteristics showing significant correlations were cancer children's age, period of illness, period after completing treatment, mother's age, mother's education level, monthly income, payment type, confidence with health professional, and severity of children's illness. The correlation coefficients among major variables showed that family stressor was positively related with family strains(r=0.33, p<.001), and negatively related with family hardiness(r=-0.21, p<.001). Family strains was negatively related with family hardiness(r= -0.41, p<.001) and family adaptation(r=-0.46, p<.001). Correlations of family hardiness was positive with family value with cancer children(r=-0.31, p<.001), and negative with general family value(r=-0.16, p<.01). Family hardiness was positively related with family adaptation(r=0.35, p<.001). The causal relationship between study variables showed that family strains predicts general family value(γ=0.12, t=2.02), family value with cancer children predicts family hardiness(γ=0.31, t=6.30), family strains predicts family hardiness(γ=-0.40, t=-7.70), family value with cancer children predicts family adaptation(γ=-0.23, t=-4.11), and family hardiness predicts family adaptation(γ=0.43, t=7.78).

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제34권3_4호
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• pp.269-284
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• 2016

In this paper, we firstly use Krasnosel'skii fixed point theorem to investigate positive solutions for the following three-point boundary value problems for p-Laplacian with a parameter $({\phi}_P(D^{\alpha}_{0}+u(t)))^{\prime}+{\lambda}f(t, u(t))=0$, 0$D^{\alpha}_{0}+u(0)=u(0)=u{\prime}{\prime}(0)=0$, $u^{\prime}(1)={\gamma}u^{\prime}(\eta)$ where ϕ_p(s) = |s|^p−2s, p > 1, $D^{\alpha}_{0^+}$ is the Caputo's derivative, α ∈ (2, 3], η, γ ∈ (0, 1), λ > 0 is a parameter. Then we use Leggett-Williams fixed point theorem to study the existence of three positive solutions for the fractional boundary value problem $({\phi}_P(D^{\alpha}_{0}+u(t)))^{\prime}+f(t, u(t))=0$, 0$D^{\alpha}_{0}+u(0)=u(0)=u{\prime}{\prime}(0)=0$, $u^{\prime}(1)={\gamma}u^{\prime}(\eta)$ where ϕ_p(s) = |s|^p−2s, p > 1, $D^{\alpha}_{0^+}$ is the Caputo's derivative, α ∈ (2, 3], η, γ ∈ (0, 1).

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.792-799
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• 2019

본 연구는 감 껍질을 함유한 분쇄 돈육의 냉장 중 품질 변화에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 분쇄 돈육의 제조는 돈육 68%, 돼지 지방 20%, 소금 2%, 냉수 10%로 배합된 대조군(T0), 냉수에 0.3%의 감 껍질이 함유된 T1, 0.7% 함유된 T2 그리고 1.0% 함유된 T3 등으로 하였다. 분쇄 돈육의 pH는 냉장 중 증가하였으며, T3가 가장 낮았다(p<0.01). L-value 및 b-value는 냉장 저장 중 변화가 없었지만 a-value는 감소하였다. 냉장 10일째 T2 및 T3의 a-value가 T0 및 T1보다 더 높았다(p<0.001). TBARS는 냉장 기간과 함께 증가하였으며, T2 및 T3가 T0 및 T1보다 더 낮았다(p<0.001). DPPH free radical 소거 능력은 냉장 저장 중 감소하였으며, T0가 가장 낮았다(p<0.001). VBN 함량은 냉장 중 증가하였으며, 10일째 T0의 VBN함량이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 보수력은 냉장 중 감소하였으며, 가열 감량은 증가하였다. 그러나 냉장 중 시료들 사이의 보수력과 가열 감량의 차이는 없었다. 냉장 중 경도와 저작성은 증가하였지만 탄성과 뭉침성은 감소하였다. 본 연구의 결과 분쇄 돈육 제조과정에 감 껍질 분말의 첨가는 항산화 작용, 적색도 유지, 물리적 품질 유지 등의 효과가 있었으며, 첨가량은 0.7%가 가장 적당하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2022

This study evaluated the nutritional composition and quality traits of rabbit meat as compared to chicken meat. Samples of loin (M. longissimus dorsi) and breast meats were collected from rabbit and chicken carcasses, respectively. The meats were then analyzed for the proximate composition, collagen and energy contents, fatty acid composition, myoglobin and heme iron contents, pH value, water-holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, meat color, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) value, and texture profile. Compared to chicken breast meat, lower (p<0.05) protein content and higher (p<0.05) ash and collagen contents were obtained in rabbit loin meat. Rabbit meat remarkably had higher (p<0.05) total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and linolenic acid contents and lower (p<0.05) n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio as compared to chicken meat. The pH value and WHC were lower (p<0.05) in rabbit meat than in chicken meat (p<0.05). Rabbit meat exhibited lower (p<0.05) L^* value and higher (p<0.05) a^* and b^* values compared to chicken meat (p<0.05). The WBSF value, hardness, and gumminess were higher (p<0.05) in rabbit meat than in chicken meat (p<0.05). These findings suggest that rabbit meat has higher essential n-3 PUFA, darker color, and firmer texture as compared to chicken meat.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3604-3613
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• 2022

The Physical Protection System (PPS) plays an important role and must effectively deal with various adversary attacks in nuclear security. In specific single adversary path scenarios, we can calculate the PPS effectiveness by EASI (Estimated Adversary Sequence Interruption) through Probability of Interruption (P_I) calculation. EASI uses a single value of the probability of detection (P_D) and the probability of alarm communications (P_C) in the PPS. In this study, we develop a multi-path analysis code based on EASI to evaluate the effectiveness of PPS. Our quantification method for P_I considers the variability and uncertainty of P_D and P_C value by Monte Carlo simulation. We converted the 2-D scheme of the nuclear facility into an Adversary Sequence Diagram (ASD). We used ASD to find the adversary path with the lowest probability of interruption as the most vulnerable paths (MVP). We examined a hypothetical facility (Hypothetical National Nuclear Research Facility - HNNRF) to confirm our code compared with EASI. The results show that implementing the variability extension can estimate the P_I value and its associated uncertainty. The multi-path analysis code allows the analyst to make it easier to assess PPS with more extensive facilities with more complex adversary paths. However, the variability of the P_D value in each protection element allows a significant decrease in the PI value. The possibility of this decrease needs to be an important concern for PPS designers to determine the P_D value correctly or set a higher standard for PPS performance that remains reliable.