• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1085-1095
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• 2024

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine available energy and nutritional digestibility of extruded cereals and the effect of extrusion on the nutritional value of feed ingredients, aiming to provide scientific basis for efficient application of extrusion in the diets of growing pigs. Methods: In Exp. 1, 48 crossbred growing pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with an initial body weight (BW) of 34.6±2.2 kg were selected and fed with eight diets (non-extrusion or extrusion) to determine the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and nutrients digestibility. Eight diets included extruded grains (barley, wheat, sorghum, or broken rice), while four had unprocessed grains. In Exp. 2, 9 diets were formulated including 4 cereals with extrusion or non-extrusion and a N-free diet. In addition, 9 growing pigs (BW = 22.3±2.8 kg) were fitted with T-cannula in the distal ileum and arranged in a 9×6 Youden square design. Results: Results show that apparent total tract digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, organic meal, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fiber was not affected by the extrusion process and there was no interaction between cereal type and extrusion treatment on DE, ME. However, the apparent total tract digestibility for crude protein (CP) increased markedly (p<0.05). The standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of all amino acids (AA) except for leucine remarkably increased by extrusion (p<0.05). There was an interaction on the SID of arginine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, cystine, and tyrosine in growing pigs between type of grain and extrusion treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: Extrusion increased the ileal digestibility of CP and most AA in cereals, however, the DE and ME of cereals were not affected in growing pigs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.1039-1047
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal time of transportation of floor-feed and scatter-feed broilers. Methods: Eighty healthy Arbor Acres (AA) broilers (21-day-old, 624.4 g, male, standard error = 6.65) were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (floor-feed and scatter-feed), then fed for three weeks. The experiment comprised a 2×4 factorial design with 2 feed patterns (floor-feed and scatter-feed) and 4 transport periods (2, 3, 4, and 5 h), and 4 replicates of 5 broilers (54-day-old, 2243 g, standard error = 46.65) was used to compare weight loss, meat quality and behavior index of different groups. Results: It appeared that drip loss, meat color and resting behavior of experimental broilers changed as length of transportation (p<0.05), however, weight loss and pH were not significantly transformed (p>0.05). Compared with floor-feed group, broilers in scatter-feed group had lower pH at 24 hours (3 h) and different behavioral indicators (p<0.05). Especially indicators after 3 h transportation, there were obvious differences between the two feeding modes in the behavior reaction of stress events before slaughter with different transport duration (p<0.05). The fluctuation of data on resting behavior with scatter-feed was significantly higher than that of floor-feed broilers. There was no interaction between transport time and different feeding methods for index tested of our experiment (p>0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive analysis showed that the maximum transport duration of floor-feed and scatter-feed broilers should not exceed 3 h, and scatter-feed broilers were more likely prone to fear.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.1401-1406
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• 2018

Objective: The uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a member of the mitochondrial anion carrier superfamily and has crucial effects on growth and feed efficiency in many species. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to examine the association of polymorphisms in the UCP3 gene with feed efficiency in meat-type chickens. Methods: Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the UCP3 gene were chosen to be genotyped using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in meat-type chicken populations with 724 birds in total. Body weight at 49 (BW49) and 70 days of age (BW70) and feed intake (FI) in the interval were collected, then body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated individually. Results: One SNP with a low minor allele frequency (<1%) was removed by quality control and data filtering. The results showed that rs13997809 of UCP3 was significantly associated with BWG and FCR (p<0.05), and that rs13997811 had significant effects on BW70 and BWG (p<0.05). Rs13997812 of UCP3 was strongly associated with BW70, FI, and FCR (p<0.05). Furthermore, individuals with AA genotype of rs13997809 had significantly higher BWG and lower FCR (p<0.05) than those with AT genotype. The GG individuals showed strongly higher BW70 and BWG than AA birds in rs13997811 (p<0.05). Birds with the TT genotype of rs13997812 had significantly greater BW70 and lower FCR compared with the CT birds (p<0.05). In addition, the TAC haplotype based on rs13997809, rs13997811, and rs13997812 showed significant effects on BW70, FI, and FCR (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results therefore demonstrate important roles for UCP3 polymorphisms in growth and feed efficiency that might be used in meat-type chicken breeding programs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2013

Background: Low tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 (PTPN12) expression may be associated with breast cancer growth, proliferation, and metastasis. However, the prognostic value of PTPN12 in breast cancer has not been clearly identified. Patients and Methods: 51 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients and 83 non-TNBC patients with a histopathology diagnosis from October 2001 to September 2006 were included in this study. Immunohistochemical staining for PTPN12 on tissue microarrays was conducted. Results: High PTPN12 expression was seen in 39.2% of TNBC and 60.2 % of non-TNBC cases. Low PTPN12 expression was associated with lymph node status (p = 0.002) and distant metastatic relapse (p = 0.002) in TNBC patients. Similarly, low PTPN12 expression in non-TNBC patients was significantly correlated with lymph node status (p = 0.002), stage (p = 0.002) and distant metastatic relapse (p = 0.039). The high PTPN12 expression group was associated with longer DFS and OS compared with low PTPN12 expression group only in TNBC cases (p = 0.005, p = 0.015), according to univariate Cox regression analysis. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence that low expression of PTPN12 is associated with worse prognosis and may be used as a potential prognostic biomarker in TNBC patients.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 1999

We investigated the value of mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene (mt SSU rDNA) PCR-RFLP as a taxonomic tool for Acanthamoeba isolates with close inter-relationships. Twenty-five isolates representing 20 species were included in the analysis. As in nuclear 18s rDNA analysis, two type strains (A. astronyxis and A. tubiashi) of morphological group 1 diverged earliest from the other strains, but the divergence between them was less than in 18s riboprinting. Acanthamoeba griffini of morhological group 2 branched between pathogenic (A. culbertsoni A-1 and A. healyi OC-3A) and nonpathogenic (A.palestinensis Reich, A. pustulosa GE-3a, A. royreba Oak Ridge, and A lenticulata PD2S) strains of morphological group 3. Among the remaining isolates of morphological group 2, the Chang strain had the identical mitochondrial riboprints as the type strain of A. hatchetti. AA2 and AA1, the type strains of A. divionensis and A. paradivionensis, respectively, had the identical riboprints as A. quina Vil3 and A. castellanii Ma. Although the branching orders of A. castellanii Neff, A. polyphaga P23, A. triangularis SH621, and A. lugdunensis L3a were different from those in 18S riboprinting analysis, the results obtained from this study generally coincided well with those from 18S riboprinting. Mitochondrial riboprinting may have an advantage over nuclear 18S rDNA riboprinting beacuse the mt SSU rDNAs do not seem to have introns that are found in the 18S genes of Acanthamoeba and that distort phylogenetic analyses.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 센서 박막재료 반도체 세라믹
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• pp.213-216
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• 2003

Recently a new high power device GCT (Gate Commutated Turn-off) thyristor has been successfully introduced to high power converting application areas. GCT thyristor has a quite different turn-off mechanism to the GTO thyristor. All main current during turn-off operation is commutated to the gate. Therefore, IGCT thyristor has many superior characteristics compared with GTO thyristor; especially, snubberless tum-off capacibility and higher turn-on capacibility. The basic structure of the GeT thyristor is same as that of the GTO thyristor. This makes the blocking voltage higher and controllable on-state current higher. The turn-off characteristic of the GCT thyristor is influenced by the minority carrier lifetime and the performance of the gate drive unit. In this paper, we present turn-off characteristics of the 2.5kV PT(Punch-Through) type GCT as a function of the minority carrier lifetime and variation of the doping profile shape of p-base region.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TE
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2002

낮은 에너지의 보론 이온을 선비정질화된 실리콘 기판과 단결정 기판에 이온 주입하여 0.2μm 정도의 접합 깊이를 갖는 박막의 P/sup +/-n 접합을 형성하였다 이온주입에 의한 결정결함의 제거 및 주입된 보론 이온의 활성화를 위해 급속 열처리기를 이용하였으며, BPSC(bore-phosphosilicate glass)를 흐르도록 하기 위해 노 열처리를 도입하였다. 선비정질화 이온주입은 45keV, 3×10/sup 14/cm/sup -2/ Ge 이온을 사용하였으며, p형 불순물로는 BF2 이온을 20keV, 2×10/sup 15/cm /sup -2/로 이온주입 하였다. 급속 열처리와 노 열처리 조건은 각각 1000。C/ 10초와 850。C/4O분이었다. 형성된 접합의 접합깊이는 SIMS와 ASR로 측정하였으며, 4-point probe로 면 저항을 측정하였다. 또한 전기적인 특성은 다이오드에 역방향 전압을 인가하여 측정된 누설전류로 분석하였다. 측정 결과를 살펴보면, 급속 열처리만을 수행하여도 양호한 접합 특성을 나타내나, 급속 열처리와 노 열처리를 함께 고려해야 할 경우에는 노 열처리 후에 급속 열처리를 수행하는 공정이 급속 열처리 후에 노 열처리를 수행하는 경우보다 더 우수한 박막 접합 특성을 나타내었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.6135-6140
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) for differentiating biliary tract cancer (BTC) from benign biliary tract diseases in Asians. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched Embase and PubMed prior to December 2014. Eight studies conducted in Asians met our predetermined inclusion criteria. Results: Our meta-analysis results showed that ADC values in BTC tissues were significantly lower than in benign biliary tract tissues (SMD = -1.54, 95%CI: -1.75~-1.33, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis based on the MRI machine type showed that the ADC values were consistent, accurate and reliable in the diagnosis of BTC when comparing cancer tissue vs. benign tissue under the Siemens 1.5 T/3.0 T, Philips 1.5 T/3.0 T, GE 1.5 T, and Toshiba 1.5 T types, respectively (all P<0.05). Further, ADC values were still consistent and accurate in the differential diagnosis of BTC under the b value of 800 and $1000s/mm^2$ (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings supported potential clinical applications of DWI ADC values in differentiating BTC from benign biliary tract diseases in Asians.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2017

최근 PET/CT 장비의 성능의 발전과 다양한 기법의 개발로 민감도와 해상도등 영상 품질을 개선할 수 있게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 GE사의 Discovery IQ 장비의 Q.Clear (a fully convergent iterative reconstruction) 기법을 이용하여 영상의 질 향상에 유용성이 있는지 알아보고자 한다. 장비는 Discovery IQ (GE Healthcare, MI, USA)를 사용하였다. NEMA IEC Body Phantom의 배후방사능과 열소 체적(10 mm, 13 mm, 17 mm, 22 mm)의 비를 1:4로 하고 3분간 촬영하여 VPHDs (VUE Point High-Definition SharpIR)와 Q.Clear의 대조도를 비교 분석하였다. PET/SPECT Performance Phantom에 $^{18}F-FDG$를 187 MBq을 주입 후 4분간 촬영하여 해상도와 균일도를 비교 분석하였다. 그리고 100명의 임상 환자에서 질환의 종류와 상관없이 2 cm 미만의 작은 병소의 SUVmax를 측정하여 t-test 통계분석하였다. NEMA IEC Body Phantom에서 VPHDs와 Q.Clear의 대조도가 $63.6{\pm}5.7%$, $75{\pm}4.8%$로 나왔고 PET/SPECT Performance Phantom에서 해상도는 VPHDs가 9.2 mm, Q.Clear가 7.3 mm로 나왔다. 균일도는 Q.Clear가 10.8% 더 우수하였다. 임상 환자의 t-test 통계 결과 p-value가 0.021로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 임상환자에서 SUVmax는 Q.Clear에서 높게 측정 되었으며, 신호대 잡음 비도 우수하였다. 이는 부분체적효과의 영향을 줄였기 때문으로 볼 수 있다. Phantom test와 임상 환자의 결과 모두 Q.Clear를 적용 하였을 때 영상품질이 향상된 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 영상 품질 향상은 병소를 더욱 정확하게 발견할 수 있고 나아가 선량저감과 환자평가 그리고 영상 분석 등 다양한 방면에서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2017

MRI장비에서 자장의 세기가 증가 하게 되면 사용하는 RF(Radiofrequency) pulse 또한 증가 하게 되고 이는 MRI 장비 안에 놓인 인체의 체온 상승을 증가 시키게 하는 역할을 하게 된다. 이에 국소부위에서의 열 발생을 알아보고자 젤라틴과 pork sample 이용하여 측정하였다. 본 연구는 2014년 12월 21일부터 2015년 8월 14일까지 153명의 환자를 대상으로 실시하였다. 3대의 MRI(1.5T- 1대, 3.0T- 2대)장비를 사용하여 뇌 또는 간 부위에서 일상적으로 쓰이는 sequence 프로토콜을 동일하게 적용하여 검사하였다. 검사 전 후 체온 측정은 적외선 타입의 귀 체온계(Braun社)를 사용하였으며 대상자의 심리적 상태는 직접 설문을 통하여 파악했다. 임상 환자를 대상으로 한 체온 상승 결과를 보면 3.0T가 1.5T에서보다 평균 $0.15^{\circ}C$정도 높았고(p<0.012) 3.0T내 에서도 Philips제조회사에서 보다 GE社 MRI장비에서 $0.14^{\circ}C$정도 더 높았다. 심인성 상태에 따른 결과를 살펴보면 MRI검사 진행 중 나는 소리에 대한 민감성 정도와 체온상승과의 관계는 무관하였고, 폐쇄성에 대한 응답이 긴장감으로 느꼈다고 대답하는 사람일수록 체온이 더 상승하는 경향을 보였다. 자장의 세기가 높은 MRI장비일수록 RF 반응물질(물, 금속물질)에 의한 화상이나 체온상승으로 인한 위험한 상황발생(체온조절 장해 환자의 경우 고온 손상, 과다 땀 발생으로 인한 탈진)이 나타나지 않도록 환자의 상태를 좀 더 예의 주시하며 MRI검사를 진행할 필요가 있겠다. 높은 자기장을 기반으로 한 MRI장비는 인체에 흡수되는 전자파 흡수율인 SAR를 비례적으로 증가시키므로 앞으로는 RF 코일 성능을 향상하거나 영상의 질을 향상시키기 위한 이미지 프로그램을 개발하는 등 자기장 이외의 방법을 강구하는 것이 필요하다.