• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 2021

To develop a method for the differentiation of Pleurotus ostratus cultivars, the multiplex-simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer set based on the SSRs obtained from whole genomic DNA sequence analysis was designed with two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sets. These SSR primer sets were employed to distinguish 10 cultivars and strains. Twenty polymorphic markers were selected based on the genotyping results. PCR with each primer produced 1-4 distinct bands ranging in size from 150 to 350 bp, which was within the expected range. However, since a sole SSR marker was unable to detect polymorphisms in every cultivar, multiplex PCRs with composite PCR primer sets were employed. The multiplex primer, "166+115," completely discriminated 12 cultivars and strains with 40 loci, which were 12 more than the simple arithmetic addition of each locus of the primers 115 and 166. These results might be useful to provide an efficient method for the differentiation of P. ostreatus cultivars with separate PCRs for the quality control of spawn and protection of breeders' rights.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.557-564
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• 2021

Background: Conscious sedation is a useful adjunct in the treatment of patients in dentistry; however, a lack of knowledge among the dental profession regarding sedation is a restricting factor in the practice of dental sedation. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge and practice of sedation in dentistry among dental professionals in Tanzania. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted for five months targeting all practicing dental professionals in Tanzania. A modified questionnaire contained 14 questions regarding knowledge about sedative agents and a section on the practice of sedation. The data obtained from this study were coded and entered into a computer program and analyzed using SPSS software version 23.0. The data are presented as frequencies and percentages in tables and charts. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The age range of participants was between 24 and 63 years (mean 36.6 ± 7.7 years). There were 107 men (78.1%), and the male-to-female ratio was 3.6:1. The majority (76.6%) of participants only had an undergraduate dental degree. Thirty-one percent of participants only worked in publicly owned health facilities. Slightly more than half (59.9%) of participants had satisfactory knowledge regarding sedation in dentistry. There was no statistically significant association between the level of sedation-related knowledge and the demographic characteristics of the participants. Only 21.9% reported using sedation in their practice, and the most commonly used sedative drug was diazepam. The reasons for not using dental sedation in clinical practice included a perceived lack of knowledge on sedation, lack of equipment, and cost. Conclusion: Most dental professionals in Tanzania have basic knowledge of sedation in dentistry, although knowledge regarding sedative agents is generally low. The practice of sedation in dentistry in Tanzania is very low compared to that in middle- and high-income countries. Inadequate knowledge, lack of equipment, and the cost of practicing sedation are the main reasons for not practicing sedation.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.327-335
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out the use and inconvenience of informatization devices according to the disability of the elderly. A total 10,097 data from the elderly survey were used to analyze the differences in the possession and use of information devices, usage capabilities, and injustice according to disability. Descriptive analysis was conducted to find out general characteristics and disability-related characteristics. chi-square tests were conducted to find out the difference in informatization and communication device usage ability and information device usage inconvenience according to disability. The p-value was set at 0.001. As a result of the study, the elderly with disabilities in Korea had lower smartphones and tablet PCs than the non-disabled elderly. In terms of daily inconvenience, the elderly with disabilities often responded that they had no experience or did not know about the inconvenience of online reservations for trains/high-speed buses/intercity buses, ordering kiosks at restaurants, using ATMs, or reducing bank stores. Taken together, the ability of the elderly with disabilities in Korea to possess and use informatization devices is very low and they feel more inconvenience than the non-disabled elderly. It is necessary to improve the ability to possess and use informatization devices for the elderly with disabilities in the rapidly progressing aging of the disabled and the informatization of our society.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.544-555
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• 2022

Objective: Spermatozoa are produced within the seminiferous tubules after sexual maturity. The expression levels of mRNAs and lncRNAs in testicular tissues are different at each stage of testicular development and are closely related to formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and spermatogenesis. Therefore, we set out to study the expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs during the different developmental stages of the goat testis. Methods: We constructed 12 RNA libraries using testicular tissues from goats aged 3, 6, and 12 months, and studied the functions of mRNAs and lncRNAs using the gene ontogeny (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) databases. Relationships between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and protein-protein interaction network (PPI). Finally, the protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6 (IGFBP6) were detected by western blotting. Results: We found 23, 8, and 135 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 161, 12, and 665 differentially expressed mRNAs that were identified between 3 vs 6, 6 vs 12, and 3 vs 12 months, respectively. GO, KEGG, and PPI analyses showed that the differential genes were mainly related to the ECM. Moreover, MMP2 was a hub gene and co-expressed with the lncRNA TCONS-0002139 and TCONS-00093342. The results of quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction verification were consistent with those of RNA-seq sequencing. The expression trends of MMP2, IGF2, and IGFBP6 protein were the same as that of mRNA, which all decreased with age. IGF2 and MMP2 were significantly different in the 3 vs 6-month-old group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in sexual maturation of the goat testis.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.30-37
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• 2020

[Purpose] The present study investigated the effect of endurance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) performed at either 25% maximal oxygen uptake (${\dot{V}}O_2$ max) or 40% ${\dot{V}}O_2$ max) on muscle oxygenation, energy metabolism, and endocrine responses. [Methods] Ten males were recruited in the present study. The subjects performed three trials: (1) endurance exercise at 40% ${\dot{V}}O_2$ max without BFR (NBFR40), (2) endurance exercise at 25% ${\dot{V}}O_2$ max with BFR (BFR25), and (3) endurance exercise at 40% ${\dot{V}}O_2$ max with BFR (BFR40). The exercises were performed for 15 min during which the pedaling frequency was set at 70 rpm. In BFR25 and BFR40, 2 min of pressure phase (equivalent to 160 mmHg) followed by 1 min of release phase were repeated five times (5 × 3 min) throughout 15 minutes of exercise. During exercise, muscle oxygenation and concentration of respiratory gases were measured. The blood samples were collected before exercise, immediately after 15 min of exercise, and at 15, 30, and 60 minutes after completion of exercise. [Results] Deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) level during exercise was significantly higher with BFR25 and BFR40 than that with NBFR40. BFR40 showed significantly higher total-hemoglobin (total-Hb) than NBFR40 during 2 min of pressure phase. Moreover, exercise-induced lactate elevation and pH reduction were significantly augmented in BFR40, with concomitant increase in serum cortisol concentration after exercise. Carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation was significantly higher with BFR40 than that with NBFR40 and BFR25, whereas fat oxidation was lower with BFR40. [Conclusion] Deoxy-Hb and total Hb levels were significantly increased during 15 min of pedaling exercise in BFR25 and BFR40, indicating augmented local hypoxia and blood volume (blood perfusion) in the muscle. Moreover, low-and moderate-intensity exercise with BFR facilitated CHO oxidation.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.154-160
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• 2022

Background: The mango is one of the essential fruit trees for the economy of Thailand. Mango pollination relies primarily on insects. Other external forces, such as wind, are less efficient since pollen is sticky and aggregating. There is only one report from Thailand on the use of bees as mango pollinators. The study of the behavior and pollination efficiency of honey bees (Apis mellifera) and stingless bees (Tetragonula laeviceps species complex) was conducted in Nam Dokmai mango plantings in Phrao and Mae Taeng districts, Chiang Mai province, between February and March 2019. Results: Our results reveal that the honey bees commenced foraging earlier than the stingless bee. The number of flowers visited within 1 minute by honey bees was higher than that visited by stingless bees. The average numbers of honey bees and stingless bees that flew out of the hive per minute from 7 a.m. and 6 p.m. in the Phrao district were 4.21 ± 1.62 and 9.88 ± 7.63 bees/min, respectively, i.e., higher than those observed in Mae Taeng, which were 3.46 ± 1.13 and 1.23 ± 1.20 bees/min, respectively. The numbers of fruits per tree were significantly higher in the honey bee and stingless bee treatments (T1 and T2) than in the open pollination treatment (T3). The number of fruits between T1 and T2 treatments was not different. In the pollinator exclusion treatment (T4), no fruit was produced. Fruit size factors were not significantly different among T1, T2, and T3 treatments. Conclusions: Our results showed that insect pollination is crucial for mango production, especially with the Nam Dokmai variety in Northern Thailand. As pollinator exclusion treatment showed no fruit set, and pollinator treatment significantly increased the fruit sets compared to open access plots, a managed pollinator program would benefit the mango growers for better productivity. Both the honey bee and the stingless bee were shown to be effective as pollinators.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.27-40
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• 2022

Yellow head virus (YHV), Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis (IHHNV), Taura syndrome virus (TSV), and Infectious myositis virus (IMNV) cause serious mortality to Penaeidae shrimp in the aquaculture. In this study, YHV, IHHNV, TSV, and IMNV were surveyed from imported frozen shrimps between 2019 and 2020 via molecular diagnostic assay. Among 10 shrimp groups, YHV (n=1) and IHHNV (n=4) were detected by RT-PCR and PCR, respectively. From the phylogenetic analysis based on the partial ORF 1b region of YHV, YHV was classified into YHV genotype 3 (YHV3). And IHHNVs (n=2) detected from Litopenaeus vannamei belong to infectious IHHNV type 2. Although IHHNVs (n=2) identified from Penaeus monodon showed PCR positive results (MG 831F/R primer set), the sequences of ORF 2 and 3 were not amplified, suggesting that those samples might possess type A IHHNV related sequence of P. monodon. Furthermore, in the challenge test, even though PCR-detected isolates (YHV3/type A IHHNV related sequence or infectious IHHNV type 2) were not induced mortality to L. vannamei, viral genes were amplified suggesting that the viruses in the frozen shrimp could be non-pathogenic particles which are not enough to induce mortality.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.623-631
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• 2023

This study was conducted to develop microsatellite markers in Parapristipoma trilineatum using next-generation sequencing. A total of 402,244,934 reads were generated on the Illumina Hiseq X Ten System, yielding 60,738,985,034 bp of sequences. The de novo assembly resulted in 1,320,995 contigs. A total of 952,326 contigs (0.016%) including 151 microsatellite loci were derived from the 1,320,995 contigs longer than 640 bp. A total of 34 primer sets were designed from the 151 microsatellite loci. As a result, 15 microsatellite loci were chosen and used for assuming population genetic parameters in the wild and farmed populations. The mean number of effective alleles was 12, ranging from 6 to 25. The observed heterozygosity (H_O) and the expected heterozygosity (H_E) ranged between 0.530 and 0.873, with an average of 0.750, and from 0.647 to 0.895, with an average of 0.793, respectively. According to these results, the developed set of 15 microsatellite markers is expected to be useful for the analysis of genetic characteristics in the population of P. trilineatum in Korea. There are requirements now for further genetic information, fishery resource management, breeding guidelines, support with the selection of breeds and studies on the effects of release, all of which will improve species conservation, and through future research, we aim to offer genetic foundational data with that goal.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.39-51
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• 2019

This study was tested on Ratafia Champagne Trouillard 1947 of old fortified wine and analyzed differences from existing wines. Old fortified wine in Champagne, France and blanding is Pinot Noir, Chardonnay and Pinot Meunier. Alcohol level is 18% and test date is Feb. 15-21, 2019(six days of decanting period/15 p.m. on the last tasting day). Tester is composed of one FICB grand commander one KOV Finland commander. The wine opening was tested for two blades after wire removal and the decanting time was applied to the calculation formula of 2019(this year)-1947(vintage year)/12=6 days set in this study. Aroma smelled like cherries, fruits, soy sauce and licorice and bouquet was identified in five stages. The first stage was presented with the smell of pot, the second stage was light coffee, the third stage smell of fruit and flowers, the fourth stage smell of wild honey and the fifth stage smell of refined brandy. Then, the test was analyzed in seven stages. This study has the following implications: First, the new concept of old wine was applied to fortified wine. Specific computational formulas for the decanting period were derived. The decanting presented five steps of aromas and bouquet. Wine testing has been expanded from the previous five to seven levels. A new taste of Champagne old fortified wine was analyzed.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.27-41
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• 2019

The study tested the old wines of Château Latour 1953 and tried to analyze the differences from the old wines. Even if not the great vintage, the quality change of old wine gives a new flavor, so it requires analysis results from empirical concepts, decanting, and testing. Based on the analysis results, the government wanted to re-evaluate the old wine and give consumers joy and implications for the wine. The wine to be studied is Château Latour 1953 and is an old wine from the French province of Pauillac. Wine blending is known to be 75% of cabernet sauvignon, 20% of melot, 4% of cabernet franc and 1% of petit verdot. The alcohol level is 13% and the test date is July 2-7, 2018(decanting period 5.4 days/15:00 p.m. on July 7). The testing site was a wine cafe in Daegu City, and the tester consisted of one FICB Korean grand commander and one KOV Finland commander and selected Japchae of Korean food as a mariage. The ullage of Chateau Latour 1953 was 3.0cm and was set up for one month for testing. Decanting time was applied to the calculation formula 2018(current year)-1953(vintage year)/12=5.4 days, which was investigated in this study. Aroma smelled of cork, old grapes, tobacco, leaves and leather, the bouquet was identified in five stages, and the testing was analyzed in seven stages.