• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.131-142
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• 1973

Studies of cardiopulmonary function and acid-base balance were performed on 29 dogs during control period, during oligemic hypotension and following return of blood to the animals. Intravenous morphine and local anesthesia were used. Fifteen of the 29 animals survived the complete experiment. The 14 animals that failed to survive the experimental period died between 15 to 90 minutes after the onset of bleeding. The results were as follows. 1. The heart rate increased after the onset of bleeding and failed to return to control level following reinfusion. Stroke volume decreased markedly after bleeding and failed to recover after return of blood from the reservoir. Cardiac output also decreased during oligemic hypotension and was maintained at this level after re-infusion. Total peripheral resistance decreased significantly immediately after bleeding, however it increased soon over the pre-bleeding level. Central venous pressure decreased after the onset of bleeding and remained at lower level for the rest of the experimental period. Arterial blood pressure, clown to 40-45 mmHg by acute hemorrhage, was elevated near to control level. Left ventricular work decreased tremendously during oligemic hypotension and failed to return to control level with the re-infusion of blood. Hematocrit value showed no significant decrease after bleeding and increased after re-infusion. Hemoglobin decreased after the onset of bleeding and recovered to control value after re-infusion. 2. The respiratory rate fell rapidly after bleeding from 124 to 29 and remained at this lower level for the remainder of the experiment. The tidal volume increased after bleeding and was maintained at this level for the remainder of the experiment. The respiratory minute volume showed no significant changes throughout the experimental period. Oxygen consumption fell lightly in all animals during oligemic hypotension and returned to normal levels following re-infusion. Arterial oxygen content and arterial oxygen saturation decreased following bleeding and the values returned to normal levels after the return of blood from the reservoir The arterio-venous oxygen difference increased after the onset of bleeding. It failed to return to normal values following re-infusion. Arterial $Pco_2$ decreased in all animals after the beginning of the bleeding. Partial pressure of $Co_2$ continued to fall until re-infusion, after which the values returned toward normal. Animals became acidotic. The pH fell to lower level following bleeding. Lactic acid and lactate: pyruvate ratio also increased during same period. Arterial pH and lactic acid failed to return to control value and lactate: pyruvate ratio increased more after re-infusion. Sodium bicarbonate decreased after bleeding and returned to control value following re-infusion.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.211-223
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• 1994

4l 교반식 생물반응기에서, celite담체에 고정화된 Tolypocladium inflatum 균주 배양시의 산소전달 계수($k_La$)가 같은 세포농도 하에서 액상배양시의 값과 비교할 때, 고정상균주의 높은 비산소흡수율에도 불구하고, 2배 이상 증가되었다. 그 결과 고정상배 양의 경우, 용존산소량이 포화상태의 75%를 초과하는 충분한 산소량이 배양기간 내내 유지될 수 있었으나, 액상배양의 경우에는 용존산소량이 포화상태의 50% 이하까지 감소되었다. 임펠러의 교반속도에 따른 $k_La$의 단순 선형 의존 현상이, 250rpm에서 550rpm 범위에서 고정상배양 및 액상배양 모두에서 관찰되었으며, 그 의존정도는 액상배양의 경우 세포 농도와 함수관계인 반면, 고정상배양의 경우에는 세포농도와 무관하였다. 반면에 두 배양시스템 모두에서, 통기율 변화에 따른 산소전달율은 2.5vvm까지는 함수관계를 보였으나 그 의존도는 임펠러 교반속도의 변화에 따른 영향과 비교할 때 훨씬 미미하였으며, 2.5vvm 이상의 통기율에서는 산소전달현상에 별로 영향을 주지 못했다. CyA 생산 면에서 볼 때, 고정상세포는 형태학 또는 생리학적으로 훌륭한 배양상태를 유지할 수 있어서, 동일조건의 액상배양과 비교해서 약 2배 이상 생산성이 증가되였다. 그러므로 교반식 생물반응기를 이용한 celite-고정상배양법 은 고농도배양이 가능하다는 측면에서 볼 때, CyA 대량생산 산업화를 위한 대체 공정으로서 훌륭한 전망을 제시해 준다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effect of kangaroo care on body weight, physiological responses and behavioral states in premature infants. The subjects were 32 premature infants, fifteen for the kangaroo care group and seventeen for the control group, who hospitalized in a neonatal intensive care unit at a university-affiliated hospital. The kangaroo care was applied 8 times during the twenty five days with 40 minutes for each session. The kangaroo care provides the skin-to-skin contact during which a premature infant wearing a diaper and a hat is placed on its mother's chest. As for the measures, body weight was measured everyday. The levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and 17-OHCS were measured twice, before beginning the first intervention and after finishing the last intervention. While each session of the care is undergoing, such physiological responses were measured periodically as heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation, core temperature and skin temperature. The results were as follows : 1. The weight gain was significantly greater in the kangaroo care group than that in the control group during the period of performing the kangaroo care. 2. No significant difference was revealed between the two groups in heart rate, respiration rate, oxygen saturation and core temperature. The kangaroo care group also showed significant increases in the skin temperature. 3. The differences in the levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine and 17-OHCS were not significant between the kangaroo care and the control groups. The level of norepinephrine in the two groups was significantly increased over time. 4. Sleep pattern changed significantly in the kangaroo group from a very restless sleep to a very quiet sleep. These results suggest that kangaroo care is an effective nursing intervention for premature infants in gaining weight, achieving stable physiological responses and facilitating a quiet sleep.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2007

Background: Propofol has been used extensively for short-acting intravenous sedative agent during monitored anesthesia care (MAC). This study was designed to evaluate the safety and availability of MAC using propofol in implant surgery of the one-day admission patients. Methods: In this study, subjects were divided into two groups according to ASA physical status. The heart rate, blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation and ECG of a patient were estimated under MAC by an anesthesiologist and the vital signs were recorded in recovery room periodically afterwards. The subjective satisfaction with regard to outpatient ambulatory surgery under MAC procedure was evaluated the next day. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly decreased during MAC in ASA I group, but other remarkable changes in vital sign were not observed. There was no significant difference in pain and anxiety level between ASA I and ASA II, III group. Satisfaction rate was high in both groups. Conclusion: Monitored-Anesthesia Care using propofol during implant surgery of the one-day admission patients might be safe and available procedure because heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation are stable before and during surgery, and adequate control of pain and anxiety is supported.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.132-142
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• 2021

본 연구는 실생활에서 가장 많이 접할 수 있는 모바일 전면 카메라를 이용하여 심장박동, 심장박동 변이율, 산소포화도, 호흡도, 스트레스수치, 혈압을 측정할 수 있는 효과적인 방법론을 제시하는 것이 목적이다. Blaze Face를 이용하여 실시간으로 얼굴인식을 진행하여 안면 이미지 데이터를 취득하고 눈, 코 입, 귀의 특징 점을 이용하여 이마를 관심영역으로 지정하며 평균값을 시간 축으로 정렬한 후 생체징후 측정에 이용하였다. 생체징후 측정 기법은 fourier transform을 기본으로 이용하였으며, 측정하고자 하는 생체징후에 맞게 노이즈 제거 및 필터 처리함으로써 측정값의 정확도를 향상 시켰다. 결과를 검증하기 위해 접촉식 센서와 비접촉식 센서 비교를 진행하였다. 분석 결과 안면 이미지를 이용하여 심장박동, 심장 박동 변이율, 산소포화도, 호흡도, 스트레스, 혈압 총 여섯 가지 생체 징후를 추출 할 수 있는 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2009

The optoelectrical characteristics of the ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) annealed in vacuum or oxygen condition from $200^{\circ}C$ to $600^{\circ}C$ were examined. Increased on-off ratio (or, the ratio of photocurrent to dark current) was observed when they were annealed at $300^{\circ}C$, $400^{\circ}C$ and $500^{\circ}C$ with the values enhanced about 4 orders compared to the as-prepared ZnO NPs in both annealing conditions, while the maximum efficiency was shown at the annealing temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ for the ZnO NPs annealed in vacuum with the value of 29.8 mA/W and at the temperature of $500^{\circ}C$ for those annealed in oxygen condition with the value of 40.3 mA/W. Photoresponse behavior of the ZnO NPs annealed in oxygen showed the sharp increase right after the ir exposure to the light followed by the slow decay and saturation during steady illumination, differing from the ZnO NPs annealed in vacuum which only exhibited the gradual increase. This difference occurred due to the curing effect of the oxygen vacancies. SEM images indicated no change in their morphologies with annealing, indicating the change in their internal structures by annealing, and most remarkably at $600^{\circ}C$. As for their photoluminescence(PL) spectra, the decrease of the deep-level(DL) emission was observed when they were annealed in oxygen at $400^{\circ}C$, and not at $200^{\circ}C$ and $600^{\circ}C$.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.622-624
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• 2015

암 세포 주변의 저산소증은 방사선, 항암치료제, 절제술 등을 이용한 항암치료법에 중요한 역할을 하는데, 특히 암세포 주변의 모세혈관 내에서의 산소의 이동 분석은 암의 발달 및 전이, 주변 혈관의 생성과 변이에 직간접적 영향을 미친다. 따라서 현재 암 병변 주변의 모세혈관 내 헤모글로빈 산소포화도를 측정하고 혈관의 생성 및 변이상태를 측정하는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있지만, 대부분의 계측장비는 침습적인 방법으로 진행되며, 해상도 또한 기대이하의 공간 및 시간영역을 제공하는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비침습적 헤모글로빈 산소포화도 이미지와 다양한 이미지프로세싱 기법을 이용하여 실시간 혈관변화의 분석을 통해 암 혈관 생성 및 변이의 특성을 제공할 수 있는 초분광 이미징 시스템 활용 방법을 제시하고자 한다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.65-69
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• 2009

본 연구에서 탄소원이 고갈된 후 용존산소농도로 epothilone의 합성을 조절할 수 있음을 증명하였다. 선행연구로써, soluble starch를 탄소원으로 결정하였고, lactose와 yeast extract의 최적농도가 각각 4 g/L, 0 g/L임을 알 수 있었다. 탄소원이 고갈된 환경에서 산소농도가 낮을 경우 균체가 epothilone을 다량으로 합성하였다. 산소 공급을 조절할 수 없는 flask의 경우 배양이 진행되면서 균제농도가 증가하고 자연적으로 산소 농도도 감소하므로 epothilone이 합성되지만, 생물반응기의 경우 탄소원의 고갈 후 산소 농도를 최대한 낮게 유지시키는 것이 epothilone의 생산을 증가시켰다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2019

환경변화는 생물의 성장과 번식 등의 생활사에 영향을 주며, 생물은 살아가는 서식환경에서 생태적 적합도를 가장 극대화 시킬 수 있도록 적응되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 동적상태의존모델을 이용하여 수온과 용존산소량의 변화가 어류의 초기 성장과 체내 스트레스 누적 과정에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 어류의 생활사 모델은 취식 행동이 성장과 체내 스트레스 누적에 영향을 받는다고 가정하였다. 또한 수온과 용존산소량의 임계점은 가장 빠른 성장속도를 유도하는 수온과 용존산소량으로 가정하였다. 이에 모델은 수온과 용존산소량의 임계점에서 성장속도가 가장 빨랐으며 임계점보다 크거나 낮은 경우 성장속도는 느렸다. 용존산소량의 저산소 상태는 체내에 누적된 스트레스양의 증가로 성장속도는 느렸고, 고산소 상태는 성장속도를 향상 시켰으나 누적된 스트레스로 신체 크기를 감소시켰다. 본 연구를 통해 환경변화가 생물에 미치는 영향을 예측하는데 있어 단일 또는 독립적인 환경요인 보다 복합적 요인들의 영향이 높음을 보였다. 따라서 환경영향평가에서 환경변화에 대한 영향 예측을 향상시키기 위하여 생리생태학적 측면에서의 복합적 환경 요인을 평가에 도입이 필요하고 또한 관련된 기법 개발에 대한 연구가 후속 되어야 한다.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2000

The reduction of NO by hydrocarbons was investigated over Cu/Al$_2$O$_3$catalysts using a stainless steel flow reactor under highly oxidising diesel exhaust conditions(up to 15%). Three different Cu loadings(1,5 and 10wt.%) on an $Al_2$O$_3$support were prepared and characterized using spectroscopic techniques. The catalytic activity tests show that different Cu loadings as well as temperature, oxygen, and hydrocarbon concentration levels significantly influence the NO reduction. Increasing Cu loadings up to 5 and 10wt.% decreases the catalytic activities for NO reduction due to the formation of a bulk crystalline CuO phase, as observed from XRD and SEM images. In particular, the visualization of the copper dispersion on the surface using the SEM-BEI technique provides information on the extent of copper saturation, particle size, and the effects on NO reduction. However, the lower Cu loading(1 wt.%) increases the catalytic activity with a temperature window of 720-810K, thereby favoring the formation of well dispersed isolated Cu species, e.g. Cu(sup)2+ ions, which is related to selective NO reduction. The effects of other reaction parameters, such as oxygen, the hydrocarbon level and type, and byproduct emissions are further discussed.