• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2005년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
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• pp.187.1-187
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• 2005

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1798-1807
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• 2017

The differentiations in nitrogen-converting activity and microbial community structure between granular size fractions in a continuous completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) reactor, having a superior specific nitrogen removal rate of $0.24g/(g\;VSS{\cdot}h)$, were investigated by batch tests and high-throughput pyrosequencing analysis, respectively. Results revealed that a high dissolved oxygen concentration (>1.8 mg/l) could result in efficient nitrite accumulation with small granules (0.2-0.6 mm in diameter), because aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (genus Nitrosomonas) predominated therein. Meanwhile, intermediate size granules (1.4-2.0 mm in diameter) showed the highest nitrogen removal activity of $40.4mg/(g\;VSS{\cdot}h)$ under sufficient oxygen supply, corresponding to the relative abundance ratio of aerobic to anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (genus Candidatus Kuenenia) of 5.7. Additionally, a dual substrate competition for oxygen and nitrite would be considered as the main mechanism for repression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and the few Nitrospira spp. did not remarkably affect the overall performance of the reactor. Because all the granular size fractions could accomplish the CANON process independently under oxygen limiting conditions, maintaining a diversity of granular size would facilitate the stability of the suspended growth CANON system.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Run off from agricultural sites contaminates water bodies with nitrogen which is toxic and causes eutrophication when excessively accumulated. Hence, the interest in monitoring nitrogen toxicity in aquatic environment has been continuously increasing. METHODS AND RESULTS: To detect a real time toxicity of various nitrogen compounds, we applied biomonitoring method (biosensor) based on sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). The toxicity biomonitoring test was conducted in semi-continuous mode in a reactor filled with sulfur particles (2~4 mm diameter) under aerobic condition. Relative toxicity was simply determined by measuring the change in electrical conductivity (EC). Various nitrogenous compounds at different concentrations were evaluated as a potential toxic substance. Nitrite was found to be very toxic to SOB with a 90% inhibition even when the concentration as low as 3 mg/L. However, nitrate and ammonia have any inhibitory effect on SOB's activity. CONCLUSION: The biosensor based on SOB responded sensitively to nitrite even at substantially low concentrations. Therefore, it can be used as a reliable biological alarm system for rapid detection of contaminants due to its simplicity and sensitive nature.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1187-1196
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• 2013

Global warming will have far-reaching effects on our ecosystem. However, its effects on Antarctic soils have been poorly explored. To assess the effects of warming on microbial abundance and community composition, we sampled Antarctic soils from the King George Island in the Antarctic Peninsula and incubated these soils at elevated temperatures of $5^{\circ}C$ and $8^{\circ}C$ for 14 days. The reduction in total organic carbon and increase in soil respiration were attributed to the increased proliferation of Bacteria, Fungi, and Archaea. Interestingly, bacterial ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes were predominant over archaeal amoA, unlike in many other environments reported previously. Phylogenetic analyses of bacterial and archaeal amoA communities via clone libraries revealed that the diversity of amoA genes in Antarctic ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotic communities were temperature-insensitive. Interestingly, our data also showed that the amoA of Antarctic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities differed from previously described amoA sequences of cultured isolates and clone library sequences, suggesting the presence of novel Antarctic-specific AOB communities. Denitrification-related genes were significantly reduced under warming conditions, whereas the abundance of amoA and nifH increased. Barcoded pyrosequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene revealed that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the major phyla in Antarctic soils and the effect of short-term warming on the bacterial community was not apparent.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.555-562
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• 2010

수중의 독성을 탐지하기 위하여 황산화미생물을 이용한 새로운 형태의 생태독성탐지 방법이 연구되었다. 황산화미생물이 산소 존재 하에서 황입자를 산화하여 황산을 만들게 되고 이는 EC의 증가 및 pH의 감소를 가져온다. 독성물질이 들어오면 미생물의 저해로 황산을 적게 만들게 되므로 EC의 증가 정도가 감소하게 된다. 인공하천수(EC= 0.12 mS/cm and pH=7.2)를 이용하여 황산화미생물을 배양하고 반응조를 HRT 30분으로 연속 운전한 결과 유출 인공하천수의 EC=0.5~1.2 mS/cm, pH= ~2.5이었으며 7일 동안 일정하게 유지되었다. 이러한 유입수와 유출수의 EC의 차이는 인공하천수가 독성이 없는 조건에서 일정 속도로 황산을 만들었기 때문이다. 아질산성질소 2 mg/L를 함유한 인공하천수를 넣은 결과 인공하천수 주입 후 1.5시간 경과 후 EC 값이 급격하게 감소하고 pH 값은 상승하여 독성을 쉽게 탐지 가능하였다. 최적의 체류시간은 30분이었으며 이는 황입자의 크기를 줄임으로써 더 짧은 체류시간에서 운전이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2006

현대사회에 있어 필수불가결한 사회기반시설인 하수시설은 대부분 주요 재질이 콘크리트이며, 이러한 콘크리트 하수시설은 최근 황산화세균에 기인한 생화학적 부식에 의해 심각하게 열화되고 있는 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 생화학적 부식을 방지하기 위한 기법으로서 황산화세균의 생장을 억제할 수 있는 항균제를 개발한 후 황산화세균에 대한 항균성능을 평가하였으며, 콘크리트에 대한 적용성을 검토하기 위해 항균제를 도포한 콘크리트의 각종 물리적 성능 및 내구성능을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 그 결과 항균제의 항균성능은 유효하였으며, 항균제 도포에 의한 압축강도 및 부착강도는 유의할 만한 경향을 보이지 않았고, 마모저항성, 흡수 및 투기 저항성, 중성화 염해 및 화학저항성은 현저히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 2012

The understanding of the relationship between ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities in activated sludge and the operational treatment parameters supports the control of the treatment of ammonia-rich wastewater. The modifications of treatment parameters by alteration of the number and length of aerobic and anaerobic stages in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) working cycle may influence the efficiency of ammonium oxidation and induce changes in the AOB community. Therefore, in the research, the impact of an SBR cycle mode with alternating aeration/mixing conditions (7 h/1 h vs. 4 h/5.5 h) and volumetric exchange rate (n) on AOB abundance and diversity in activated sludge during the treatment of anaerobic sludge digester supernatant at limited oxygen concentration in the aeration stage (0.7 mg $O_2/l$) was assessed. AOB diversity expressed by the Shannon-Wiener index (H') was determined by the cycle mode. At aeration/mixing stage lengths of 7 h/1 h, H' averaged $2.48{\pm}0.17$, while at 4 h/5.5 h it was $2.35{\pm}0.16$. At the given mode, AOB diversity decreased with increasing n. The cycle mode did not affect AOB abundance; however, a higher AOB abundance in activated sludge was promoted by decreasing the volumetric exchange rate. The sequences clustering with Nitrosospira sp. NpAV revealed the uniqueness of the AOB community and the simultaneously lower ability of adaptation of Nitrosospira sp. to the operational parameters applied in comparison with Nitrosomonas sp.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

현대사회에 있어 필수불가결한 사회기반시설인 하수시설은 대부분 주요 재질이 콘크리트이며, 이러한 콘크리트 하수시설은 최근 황산화세균에 기인한 생화학적 부식에 의해 심각하게 열화되고 있는 상황이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 생화학적 부식을 방지하기 위한 기법으로서 황산화세균의 생장을 억제할 수 있는 항균제를 개발한 후 황산화세균에 대한 항균성능을 평가하였으며, 콘크리트에 대한 적용성을 검토하기 위해 항균제를 도포한 콘크리트의 각종 물리적 성능을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 그 결과 항균제의 항균성능은 유효하였으며, 항균제 도포에 의한 압축강도 및 부착강도는 유의할 만한 경향을 보이지 않았고, 마모저항성, 흡수계수 및 투기계수는 현저히 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2010

음식물류폐기물 혐기소화액으로부터 아질산성 질소를 산화하는 세균 2종, NOB1 과 NOB2를 분리하여 이들의 아질산성 질소산화능 및 온도, pH, 용존산소의 농도에 따른 생장특성을 조사하였다. 분리된 두 균주 모두 최적의 생장조건은 pH 7.0과 배양온도 $35^{\circ}C$로 나타났으며 용존산소의 농도가 높을수록 생장율이 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 두 균주의 생장을 억제하는 요인으로는 pH와 용존산소가 효과적인 것으로 나타났는데, pH 5.0 및 9.0에서, 용존산소 1.0 ppm 이하에서 생장율이 현저히 감소하는 결과를 보여주었다. 특히, 아질산성 질소의 산화능력은 1.0 ppm 이하의 농도에서 1.0 ppm 이상에서 보다 약 50% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 두 균주의 생성율 및 질소산화능은 NOB2가 NOB1에 비해 약 2배 이상 높은 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.811-815
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• 2005

The activated sludge from the aeration basin of the Su-yeong municipal wastewater treatment plant which has operated by a standard activated sludge process in Busan, Korea was investigated during April 2004 and January 2005 with several bio-indicators. The number of bacteria and fungi per gram of dry weight of MLSS were estimated to be $3.1\times10^6\sim1.5\times10^8\;and\;l.1\times10^3\sim1.1\times10^5$ colony forming units, respectively, by the plate agar method. By cultivation-independent methods, such as 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stain and fluorescence in situ hybridization, the ratio of eubacteria to the entire biomass was evaluated by more than $80\%$ (v/v). The ratio of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria to the total eubacteria was detennined to be $7.0\sim9.8\%\;and\;3.3\sim6.2\%$ without heavy variation in spite of a period of relatively low temperature in the basin. It would be expected that the nitrification would occur or at least co-exist throughout the year in the sludge of many municipal WWTP with influents that contain the sufficient nitrogen sources although the WWTP does not have any specialized processes for the removal of nitrogen.