• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was designed to estimate the antioxidative and neuroprotective effects of Torreyae Semen hot water extracts (TS). Methods : Torreyae Semen was extracted by hot water for 2 hours with a temperature of 105 degrees. Polyphenols and total flavonoid were measured and LC-MS/MS was used to certificate anticipated antioxidative compounds. The antioxidant activities of TS were measured as scavenging effects of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Nitrite Oxides (NO). Cell viability and proliferation rate was measured MTT assay. The toxicities to thymocytes and splenocytes were evaluated by the proliferation rate of primary cultured cells of 7 weeks, male Balb/c mice. The antioxidant activities of TS on C6 mouse glioma cells were measured by the analysis of total glutathione contents variation. The neuroprotective effects against oxidative stresses were measured by MTT assay. Results : Polyphenols of TS was $92.00{\pm}1.24{\mu}g/mg$, and total flavonoids was $0.36{\pm}0.14{\mu}g/mg$. TS includes gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. TS included gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, gallocatechin gallate, epigallocatechin gallate. TS showed DPPH and NO scavenging effects as dose-dependent manner at the concentrations of $0-10mg/m{\ell}$. In MTT assay, TS shows no significant toxicity to C6 cells, primary cultured thymocytes and splenocytes of Balb/c mice. TS increased the level of total glutathiones. TS increased cell viabilities of C6 cells against oxidative stresses such as $H_2O_2$, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), Rotenone at the concentrations of $0-0.063mg/m{\ell}$. Conclusions : TS shows the antioxidant and neuroprotecitive effects in these experiments.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate anti-inflammation of Leonurus sibiricus methanol extract against UVB-damage in fibroblast. The skin is continuously exposed to damage from environmental stresses. UV radiation causes a variety of biological effects especially on the skin, including inflammation and photoaging. Methods : In this study, we tried to search for Leonurus sibiricus which exhibit protective activities against UVB-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative cell death, NO and $PGE_2$ production. HS68 cells were exposed to UVB ($120mJ/cm^2$) and treated with various concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, $8mg/m{\ell}$) of Leonurus sibiricus methanol extract for additional 24 h. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels generated by UV radiation were detected using a spectrofluorometer after DCF-DA staining. Also, HS68 cells were irradiated with UVB and then treated with Leonurus sibiricus methanol extract for 12 h. The lipid peroxidation was assayed by measuring the levels of 8-isoprostane secreted into the culture medium. Results : UVB-induced cytotoxicity and cell death were effectively suppressed by treatment of Leonurus sibiricus aqueous methanol extracts. Oxidative cell damage was mediated $PGE_2$ in UVB-induced HS68 fibroblast cell, which was significantly inhibited by treatment with Leonurus sibiricus extracts. Also, the protective effect of these extract seemed to be mediated by inhibited intracellular ROS generation and lipid peroxidation in dose-dependent manner. Conclusion : These results suggest that Leonurus sibiricus aqueous methanol extracts may have anti-aging effects new functional materials against oxidative UVB stress-mediated skin damages.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.800-806
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• 2012

체내에서 산화스트레스에 의해 생성되는 활성산소종(reacitve oxygen species, ROS)은 당뇨병, 비만 등과 같은 만성질환을 야기시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 고려인삼(Panax ginseng)은 수천 년간 피로 회복 및 면역증강용 기능성식품으로 이용되어 왔고, 사포닌, 산성다당체, 페놀성 화합물과 같은 다양한 생리활성 물질을 함유하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에는 고온, 고압처리하여 제조한 신규 인삼에 대한 산화적 스트레스 저감 효능을 평가하고자 하였다. C2C12 근육세포에 산화적 스트레스를 유도하기 위해 $H_2O_2$ 1 mM 처리하고, 전처리 조건을 달리한 인삼 시료를 처리하여 cell morphology 및 항산화 관련 유전자인 SOD, CAT 및 GPx를 살펴보았고, 3T3-L1 지방세포는 분화과정 중 ROS 생성 억제효과 및 CAT, GPx 및 Cu/Zn-SOD의 항산화효소 관련 유전자의 발현 정도를 조사하였다. 고온, 고압처리한 인삼은 산화적 스트레스가 유도된 C2C12 근육세포 및 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 유의적으로 산화적 스트레스를 저감하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아, 본 연구진에 의해 개발된 고온 및 고압 처리된 인삼은 항산화 및 항피로 효능이 기대되는 바이며, 본 연구는 동물세포 수준에서의 비교이며, 보다 정확한 작용기전의 구명을 위해 향후 추가적인 연구를 통한 비교 실험이 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2011

고온과 고광으로 인해 항산화요구도가 높은 8월 시기에 포플러클론들의 산화피해와 항산화반응에 대하여 양돈폐수의 영향에 대하여 알아보았다. 잎의 이온유출량과 항산화효소 APX와 GR의 활성, 그리고 카로테노이드 함량을 조사였다. 포플러클론의 양돈폐수 처리에 따른 산화피해와 항산화반응은 다양하게 나타났다. 산화스트레스로 인한 세포막 피해 수준을 알 수 있는 이온유출량 기준으로, 크게 세 그룹으로 분류하였다. 첫번째 그룹은 세포막 피해수준이 대조구보다 높게 나타난 클론들로서 Eco 28, 62-10, Bonghwa1, Dorskamp가 포함되었다. 이들 그룹은 양돈폐수 처리로 인한 고농도 질소함량이 스트레스로 작용하여 여름철 항산화요구도가 더욱 가중된 것으로 보인다. 그래서 결과적으로 활성산소에 대한 항상성을 유지하지 못하였다. 두번째 그룹은 세포막 피해수준이 대조구와 유사한 Suwon, 72-30, 72-31 이었다. 세 번째 그룹은 세포막 피해수준이 대조구보다 낮게 나타난 97-18 이었다. 97-18 클론의 경우 양돈폐수 처리로 인해 공급된 질소가 여름철 산화스트레스에 대한 피해를 경감시켜, 양돈폐수 처리로 인한 여름철 산화피해가 가장 적은 클론으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 양돈폐수로 인한 고농도 질소가 클론마다 서로 다르게 작용할 수 있음을 의미한다. 생장시기인 여름철에 가중되는 산화피해는 전체 생중량에 영향을 주어 양돈폐수 정화능력에도 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 이러한 부분에 대해 추후 연구가 더 필요하다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1344-1352
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• 2007

An opportunistic human pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, contains the major catalase KatA, which is required to cope with oxidative and osmotic stresses. As an attempt to uncover the $H_2O_2$-dependent regulatory mechanism delineating katA gene expression, four prototrophic $H_2O_2$-sensitive mutants were isolated from about 1,500 TnphoA mutant clones of P. aeruginosa strain PA14. Arbitrary PCR and direct cloning of the transposon insertion sites revealed that one insertion is located within the katA coding region and two are within the coding region of oxyR, which is responsible for transcriptional activation of several antioxidant enzyme genes in response to oxidative challenges. The fourth insertion was within PA3815 (IscR), which encodes a homolog of the Escherichia coli iron-sulfur assembly regulator, IscR. The levels of catalase and SOD activities were significantly reduced in the iscR mutant, but not in the oxyR mutant, during the normal planktonic culture conditions. These results suggest that both IscR and OxyR are required for the optimal resistance to $H_2O_2$, which involves the expression of multiple antioxidant enzymes including KatA.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.216-225
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• 1998

Metal ion-induced and it’s regulatory genes were screened in virulent salmonella typhimurium UK1 and tested cross-regulation with various stresses. Using the techniqud of P22-MudJ(Km, lacZ)-directed lacZ operon fusion, LF40 cuiA::MudJ and Lf153 cuiD::MudJ which were induced by copper were selected. cuia and cuiD were determined anaerobic coper inducible and copper tolerance response gene, respectively. Also cuiA and cuiD locus were determined at 81 and 8min, respectively, on salmonella Genetic Map. The two regulators were identified as cuaR, and cudR, which controls cuiA and cuiD, respectively. cuaR, and cudR appeared as negative regulators because the expression of cuiA-lac-Z and cuiD-lacZ were increased. Copper adapted UK1 showed high resistance to H$_{2}$O$_{2}$, but cuiD did not. The product of the cudR locus was responsible for decreasing the tolerance to copper and H$_{2}$O$_{2}$. Furthemore cuiA and cuiD locus were found to be part of a regulon under the control of a trans-acting regulators, rpoS, oxyR and relA. Therefore, the results suggest CTR participate with oxidative stress on Salmonella.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2009

This study evaluated the effects of D-ribose supplementation on exercise time in a hypoxic chamber. Eight healthy young males participated in experiments under all four different conditions; placebo+normoxic, placebo+hypoxic, ribose+normoxic, and ribose+hypoxic. Subjects took 1 g per 10 kg body weight of ribose dissolved in drinking water 30 minutes before and immediately before running. We observed the run-to-exhaustion time, the maximum heart rate, and the changing pattern of the heart rate during exercise. The longest running time was achieved when subjects ran under normoxic condition with ribose supplementation. The shortest running time occurred when subjects ran under hypoxic conditions without ribose supplementation. We measured MDA and GPx to determine any changes in oxidative stresses or antioxidative systems. MDA was affected by the environmental conditions and the running time. The activity of GPx showed a significant difference only with the different environmental conditions of exercise. The results of this study indicate that ribose can be considered a possible ergogenic during exercise in specific conditions, but more detailed and well-controlled studies are needed to make a definitive conclusion.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.535-540
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• 2010

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), a key enzyme of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, is activated by a number of developmental and environmental cues. The coding region of the NtPAL4 gene was 2,154 bp in length, and its deduced protein was composed of 717 amino acids. Sequence analysis of NtPAL4 cDNA from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) revealed high structural similarity to PAL genes of other plant species. The NtPAL4 gene exists as a single copy in the tobacco plant, and its transcripts were strongly expressed in flowers and leaves. NtPAL4 expression was significantly induced in response to NaCl, mannitol, and cold treatments, but it was not induced by abscisic acid (ABA). NtPAL4 expression decreased gradually after treatment with ABA and $H_2O_2$; however, NtPAL4 transcripts accumulated after treatment with methyl viologen (MV). Our results suggest that the NtPAL4 gene may function in response to abiotic stresses.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.45-47
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• 2006

The reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused the damage of macro molecules, many degenerative disease and cancer, which was produced in process of the aerotropic metabolic pathway as well as in response to the various genotoxic stresses. Recently, redox systems including the number of antioxidant proteins such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, heam-containing peroxidase, peroxiredoxin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been reported to have chemopreventive effects. Antioxidant proteins has been known to have the activity directly removing ROS and affecting the protein-protein interaction and cell signaling to induce the cellular responses. We need to understand the mechanism of antioxidants prevent DNA damage from oxidative stresses for researching the cancer prevention and providing the development of cancer therapeutic drug.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.607-612
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• 2017

When mammalian cells and animals face a variety of internal or external stresses, they need to make homeostatic changes so as to cope with various stresses. To this end, mammalian cells are equipped with two critical stress responses, autophagy and cellular senescence. Autophagy and cellular senescence share a number of stimuli including telomere shortening, DNA damage, oncogenic stress and oxidative stress, suggesting their intimate relationship. Autophagy is originally thought to suppress cellular senescence by removing damaged macromolecules or organelles, yet recent studies also indicated that autophagy promotes cellular senescence by facilitating the synthesis of senescence-associated secretory proteins. These seemingly opposite roles of autophagy may reflect a complex picture of autophagic regulation on cellular senescence, including different types of autophagy or a unique spatiotemporal activation of autophagy. Thus, a better understanding of autophagy process will lead us to not only elucidate the conundrum how autophagy plays dual roles in the regulation of cellular senescence but also helps the development of new therapeutic strategies for many human diseases associated with cellular senescence. We address the pro-senescence and anti-senescence roles of autophagy while focusing on the potential mechanistic aspects of this complex relationship between autophagy and cellular senescence.