• Title/Summary/Keyword: oxidative enzymes

Search Result 602, Processing Time 0.03 seconds

Effects of Short Term Antioxidant Cocktail Supplementation on the Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response of Renal Inflammation in Diabetic Mice (당뇨 쥐의 신장 염증 단계에서 단기간의 혼합 항산화 영양소 보충 식이가 산화적 스트레스와 염증반응의 조절에 미치는 영향)

  • Park, Seul-Ki;Park, Na-Young;Lim, Yun-Sook
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
    • /
    • v.42 no.8
    • /
    • pp.673-681
    • /
    • 2009
  • Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease. Particularly, diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication for diabetic patients, yet the precise mechanisms that underline the initial stage of diabetic renal inflammation remain unknown. However, oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia in diabetes is implicated in diabetic renal disease. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation of antioxidants either VCE (0.5% VC + 0.5% VE) or Comb (0.5% VC + 0.5% VE + 2.5% N-acetylcysteine) improves acute diabetic renal inflammation through modulation of blood glucose levels and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Experimental animals (5.5 weeks old female ICR) used were treated with alloxan (180 mg/kg) once. When fasting blood glucose levels were higher than 250 mg/dL, mice were divided into 3 groups fed different levels of antioxidant supplementation, DM (diabetic mice fed AIN 93G purified rodent diet); VCE (diabetic mice fed 0.5% vitamin C and 0.5% vitamin E supplemented diet); Comb (diabetic mice fed 0.5% vitamin C, 0.5% vitamin E and 2.5% N-acetylcysteine supplemented diet), for 10 days and then sacrificed. Body weights were measured once a week and blood glucose levels were monitored twice a week. Lipid peroxidation products, thiobarbituric acid reacting substances were measured in kidney. NF-${\kappa}B$ activation was indirectly demonstrated by pI${\kappa}B$-${\alpna}$ and expressions of selective inflammatory and oxidative stress markers including antioxidant enzymes were also determined. Dietary antioxidant supplementation improved levels of blood glucose as well as kidney lipid peroxi-dation. Dietary antioxidant supplementation improved NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and protein expression of HO-1, but not mRNA expression levels in diabetic mice fed Comb diet. In contrast, the mRNA and protein expression of CuZnSOD was decreased in diabetic mice fed Comb diet. However, antioxidant supplementation did not improve mRNA and protein expressions of IL-$1{\beta}$ and MnSOD in diabetic mice. These findings demonstrate that acute diabetic renal inflammation was associated with altered inflammatory and antioxidant responses and suggest that antioxidant cocktail supplementation may have beneficial effects on early stage of diabetic nephropathy through modulation of blood glucose levels and antioxidant enzyme expressions.

Protective effects of Seoritae Chungkukjang added with green tea powder against 3-morpholinosydnonimine-induced oxidative stress (녹차 첨가 서리태 청국장의 3-morpholinosydnonimine에 의한 산화적 스트레스 개선 효과)

  • Cho, Eun-Ju;Park, Hyun-Young;Lee, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Hyun-Young
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
    • /
    • v.42 no.4
    • /
    • pp.407-414
    • /
    • 2015
  • To increase antioxidative activity of Chungkukjang, the protective effect of Seoritae Chungkukjang (SC) added with green tea powder against oxidative stress was evaluated under the cellular system using LLC-$PK_1$ cells. The treatment of 3-morpholinosydnonimine showed increase in lipid peroxidation, and decrease in endogenous anti-oxidant enzymes activity and cell viability. The methanol extract of SC inhibited lipid peroxidation by 70.9%, and significantly increased cell viability up to more than 33.2%. In addition, it enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. Particularly, the addition of green tea in SC exerted protective effect against oxidative stress by ONOO- through elevation in activities of SOD and GSH-Px, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. More addition of green tea showed stronger protective activity. These results suggest that the addition of green tea to SC leads to the increase in the antioxidative effect of Chungkukjang through elevation in antioxidative enzyme activities and protection from lipid peroxidation.

Oxidative Coupling Reaction of Purified Aldrich Humic Acid by Horseradish Peroxidase (산화환원효소에 의한 휴믹산의 산화중합반응)

  • Jee, Sang-Hyun;Kim, Do-Gun;Kim, Jeong-Hyun;Ko, Seok-Oh
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
    • /
    • v.32 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1054-1062
    • /
    • 2010
  • Oxidative coupling reactions of humic substances (HS) can be catalyzed by a variety of natural extracellular enzymes and metal oxides. In this study, property changes of HS induced by a natural enzyme, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and the effect of it to microfiltration (MF) were investigated. PAHA was transformed by oxidative coupling reaction with HRP and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), verifying the catalytic effects of the HRP. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) revealed that weight-average molecular weight (MWw) of PAHA was proportionally increased with the dosages of HRP and $H_2O_2$, indicating the transform action of HS into larger and complex molecules. An increase in the conformational stability of HS was achieved through the promotion of intermolecular covalent bondings between heterogeneous humic molecules. Spectroscopic analysis (fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy) proved that functional groups were transformed by the reaction. Additionally, HS and transformed products were undergone microfiltration (MF) to examine the treatment potential of them in a water treatment facility. Original HS could not be removed by MF but larger molecules of transformed products could be removed. Meanwhile, transformed products caused more fouling on the filtration than original HS. This results proved that natural organic matter (NOM) can be removed by MF after its increase in molecular size by oxidative coupling reaction.

Photosynthetic Efficiency in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Expressing both CuZnSOD and APX in Chloroplasts against Oxidative Stress Caused by Highlight and Chilling (CuZnSOD와 APX를 엽록체에 발현시킨 담배식물체의 Highlight와 Chilling 스트레스에 대한 광합성 효율)

  • Kim, Yun-Hee;Kwon, Suk-Yoon;Bang, Jae-Wook;Kwak, Sang-Soo
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
    • /
    • v.30 no.4
    • /
    • pp.399-403
    • /
    • 2003
  • In order to understand the protection effects of antioxidant enzymes against oxidative stress caused by various environmental stresses, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv, Xanthi) plants expressing both copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in chloroplasts (referred to as CA plants) were subjected to highlight (1,100$\mu$mol m$^{-2}$ sec$^{-1}$) and chilling at 4$^{\circ}C$. The protection effects of CA plants using leaf discs were compared with those of transgenic plants expressing either CuZnSOD or APX in chloroplasts (SOD plants or APX plants, respectively) and non-transgenic (NT) plants. CA plants showed about 15% protection in the photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II relative to NT plants 1 hr after treatment of both highlight and chilling, whereas they showed about 23% protection in the redox state of P700 in photosystem I at 3 hr after treatment. SOD plants or APX plants showed an intermediate protection effect between CA plants and NT plants. These results demonstrated that the coexpression of CuZnSOD and APX in chloroplasts importantly involves in the protection effects against oxidative stress caused by various environmental stresses.

Protective Effect of White-Skinned Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) from Indonesia on Streptozotocin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats (흰 쥐에서 streptozotocin으로 유발된 산화적 스트레스에 대한 인도네시아산 white-skinned sweet potato (WSSP, Ipomoea batatas L.)의 보호효과)

  • Bachri, Moch. Saiful;Jang, Hye-Won;Choi, Jong-Won;Park, Jong-Ok
    • Journal of Life Science
    • /
    • v.20 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1569-1576
    • /
    • 2010
  • Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is widely used in Indonesia and other countries as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). The MeOH extract of white skinned sweet potatoes (WSSP) was administered orally in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.p.) injection. Oxidative stress was measured by tissue lipid peroxide (LPO) levels, serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and by antioxidative enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase in the liver. An increase in blood glucose, LPO level, AST, ALT, TG and TC levels was observed in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Administration of MeOH extract of WSSP at a dose of 200 mg/kg for two weeks caused a significant reduction in blood glucose, LPO levels, AST, ALT, TG and TC levels in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, oral administration of MeOH extract showed significant improvement in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT) compared to STZ-induced diabetic rats. In conclusion, the obtained results clearly indicate the role of oxidative stress in the induction of diabetes, and that the protective effects of MeOH extracts of WSSP could be used to benefit diabetic patients.

Protective Effect of 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid Isolated from Ligularia fischeri against Oxidative Damage in HepG2 Cells (HepG2 세포에서 산화적 손상에 대한 곰취 유래 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic Acid의 보호 효과)

  • Park, Sun-Young;Kim, Gur-Yoo;Jhoo, Jin-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
    • /
    • v.46 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1286-1292
    • /
    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) isolated from Ligularia fischeri against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Antioxidative effects of 3,5-DCQA were determined by measuring antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] expression levels against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress using real-time PCR analysis. 3,5-DCQA treatment significantly increased gene expression levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx in a dose-dependent manner ($10{\sim}30{\mu}g/mL$) in HepG2 cells. Hepatoprotective effects were analyzed by measuring glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities using a biochemistry analyzer in hydrogen peroxide-treated HepG2 cells. 3,5-DCQA treatment significantly reduced GOT, LDH, and GGT activities in a dose-dependent manner ($10{\sim}30{\mu}g/mL$) against increased liver function index enzyme activities induced by hydrogen peroxide oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. The results reveal that 3,5-DCQA compound isolated from Ligularia fischeri can be useful for the development of an effective hepatoprotective agent.

Upregulation of Carbonyl Reductase 1 by Nrf2 as a Potential Therapeutic Intervention for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury during Liver Transplantation

  • Kwon, Jae Hyun;Lee, Jooyoung;Kim, Jiye;Kirchner, Varvara A.;Jo, Yong Hwa;Miura, Takeshi;Kim, Nayoung;Song, Gi-Won;Hwang, Shin;Lee, Sung-Gyu;Yoon, Young-In;Tak, Eunyoung
    • Molecules and Cells
    • /
    • v.42 no.9
    • /
    • pp.672-685
    • /
    • 2019
  • Currently, liver transplantation is the only available remedy for patients with end-stage liver disease. Conservation of transplanted liver graft is the most important issue as it directly related to patient survival. Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) protects cells against oxidative stress and cell death by inactivating cellular membrane-derived lipid aldehydes. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury during living-donor liver transplantation is known to form reactive oxygen species. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate whether CBR1 transcription might be increased during liver I/R injury and whether such increase might protect liver against I/R injury. Our results revealed that transcription factor Nrf2 could induce CBR1 transcription in liver of mice during I/R. Pre-treatment with sulforaphane, an activator of Nrf2, increased CBR1 expression, decreased liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase, and reduced I/R-related pathological changes. Using oxygen-glucose deprivation and recovery model of human normal liver cell line, it was found that oxidative stress markers and lipid peroxidation products were significantly lowered in cells overexpressing CBR1. Conversely, CBR1 knockdown cells expressed elevated levels of oxidative stress proteins compared to the parental cell line. We also observed that Nrf2 and CBR1 were overexpressed during liver transplantation in clinical samples. These results suggest that CBR1 expression during liver I/R injury is regulated by transcription factor Nrf2. In addition, CBR1 can reduce free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation. Taken together, CBR1 induction might be a therapeutic strategy for relieving liver I/R injury during liver transplantation.

Sipyukmiryuki-eum Exhibits Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Effect viaActivation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages (Lipopolysaccharide로 자극된 RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 Nrf2/HO-1 경로 활성화를 통한 십육미류기음(十六味流氣飮) 추출물의 항염증 및 항산화 효과)

  • Kwon, Da Hye;Hwang-Bo, Hyun;Kim, Min Young;Ji, Seon Yeong;Hong, Su Hyun;Park, Cheol;Hwang, Hye-Jin;Choi, Yung Hyun
    • Herbal Formula Science
    • /
    • v.27 no.1
    • /
    • pp.17-29
    • /
    • 2019
  • Inflammatory and oxidative stimuli play a critical role not only in the process of transforming normal cells into cancer cells, but also in the proliferation process of cancer cells. Sipyukmiryukieum (SYMRKU), a traditional Korean herb-combined remedy, is composed of 16 kinds of herbal medicines, which were recorded for "Ongjeo" treatment in "Dongeuibogam". In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of SYMRKU against inflammatory and oxidative responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Our results showed that SYMRKU significantly inhibited LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ without showing any significant cytotoxicity. Consistent with these results, SYMRKU down-regulated LPS-induced expression of their regulatory enzymes such as inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. SYMRKU also inhibited LPS-induced production and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6. In addition, SYMRKU significantly reduced the production of reactive oxygen species by LPS and showed a strong, which was associated with induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1 expression. Although further studies are needed to fully understand the anti-inflammatory effects associated with the antioxidant capacity of SYMRKU, the findings of the current study suggest that SYMRKU may have potential benefits by inhibiting the onset and/or treatment of inflammatory and/or oxidative diseases.

Zearalenone regulates key factors of the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway in duodenum of post-weaning gilts

  • Cheng, Qun;Jiang, Shu zhen;Huang, Li bo;Yang, Wei ren;Yang, Zai bin
    • Animal Bioscience
    • /
    • v.34 no.8
    • /
    • pp.1403-1414
    • /
    • 2021
  • Objective: This study explored the mechanism of the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway under conditions of zearalenone (ZEA)-induced oxidative stress in the duodenum of post-weaning gilts. Methods: Forty post-weaning gilts were randomly allocated to four groups and fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/kg ZEA. Results: The results showed significant reductions in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and increases the malondialdehyde content with increasing concentrations of dietary ZEA. Immunohistochemical analysis supported these findings by showing a significantly increased expression of Nrf2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) with increasing concentrations of ZEA. The relative mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2, GPX1 increased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05), which was consistent with the immunohistochemical results. The relative mRNA expression of Keap1 decreased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05) in the duodenum as the ZEA concentration increased in the diet. The relative mRNA expression of modifier subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) increased quadratically (p<0.05) in all ZEA treatment groups and the relative mRNA expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase decreased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05) in the ZEA1.0 group and ZEA1.5 group. The relative protein expression of Keap1 and GCLM decreased quadratically (p<0.05) in the duodenum as the ZEA concentration increased in the diet, respectively. The relative protein expression of NQO1 increased linearly (p<0.05) and quadratically (p<0.05) in all ZEA treatment groups in the duodenum. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ZEA regulates the expression of key factors of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in the duodenum, which enables resistance to ZEA-induced oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of ZEA induced oxidative stress on other tissues and organs in post-weaning gilts.

Oxidative stress impairs the meat quality of broiler by damaging mitochondrial function, affecting calcium metabolism and leading to ferroptosis

  • Chen, Zuodong;Xing, Tong;Li, Jiaolong;Zhang, Lin;Jiang, Yun;Gao, Feng
    • Animal Bioscience
    • /
    • v.35 no.10
    • /
    • pp.1616-1627
    • /
    • 2022
  • Objective: This work was conducted to investigate the effects of oxidative stress on meat quality, mitochondrial function, calcium metabolism and ferroptosis of broilers. Methods: In this study, a total of 144 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were divided into 3 groups (control group, saline group, and hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] group) with 6 replicates of 8 broilers each. The study lasted for 42 d. The broilers in the saline and H2O2 groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.75% saline and 10.0% H2O2 on the 16th and 37th day of the experimental period respectively, the injection volumes were 1.0 mL/kg of broiler body weight. On the 42nd day of the experimental period, two chicks were randomly selected from each cage, a total of thirty-six chicks were stunned by electric shock and slaughtered to collect breast muscle samples. Results: The H2O2 exposure reduced pH value, increased drip loss and shear force of breast meat (p<0.05), impaired the ultrastructure and function of mitochondria. The H2O2 exposure damaged the antioxidant system in mitochondria, excessive reactive oxygen species carbonylation modified calcium channels on mitochondria, which impaired the activities of key enzymes on calcium channel, resulted in the increased calcium concentration in cytoplasm and mitochondria (p<0.05). In addition, the H2O2 exposure increased the iron content and lipid peroxidation (p<0.05), which induced ferroptosis. Conclusion: Oxidative stress could impair meat quality by causing mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in calcium metabolism disorder and ferroptosis.