• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.461-467
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• 1989

The regulation of the synthesis of alcohol-oxidase (E.C.1.1.3.13.) was investigated in the methanol-utilizing yeasts during growth on different carbon sources. For this experiment, Hansenula polymoypha CBS 4132, Hansenula polymoypha CBM 11 and Hansenula polymoypha Cooney were cultured in mineral salt medium by changing its carbon sources. The production of alcohol-oxidase was varied by the carbon sources. For exmaple, alcohol-oxidase was undetectable: in all strains submitted to the test in the medium with glucose, but its production was rapidly increased when the carbon source was changed from glucose to methanol after 30 hrs of incubation. Moreover, this enzyme was not synthesized during growth on the primary aliphatic alcohols alone (ethanol, propanol, butanol or pentanol) or on the mixed substrates (0.5% methanol + 0.5% primary aliphatic alcohols). When cells were grown on the various carbon sources (glucose, xylose, lactose, glycerol, galactose, saccharose, sorbose, lactic acid or acetic acid), the alcohol-oxidase was about one-tenth of the activity found in cells grown on methanol alone. These carbon sources together with methanol yielded far better synthesis of alcohol-oxidase than in case of carbon sources alone. Especially, the alcohol-oxidase activity of the cells grown on lactose or lactic acid together with methanol was far better or similar than that of cells grown on methanol alone. The synthetic activity of alcohol-oxidase of Hansenula polymoypha CBS 4132 was the strongest among the three strains tested in every respect.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2023

The COI gene is a sequence of approximately 650 bp at the 5' terminal of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. As an effective DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (DNA) barcode, it is widely used for the taxonomic identification and evolutionary analysis of species. We created a CNN-LSTM hybrid model by combining the gene features partially extracted by the Long Short-Term Memory ( LSTM ) network with the feature maps obtained by the CNN. Compared to K-Means Clustering, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and a single CNN classification model, after training 278 samples in a training set that included 15 genera from two orders, the CNN-LSTM hybrid model achieved 94% accuracy in the test set, which contained 118 samples. We augmented the training set samples and four genera into four orders, and the classification accuracy of the test set reached 100%. This study also proposes calculating the cosine similarity between the training and test sets to initially assess the reliability of the predicted results and discover new species.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.49-64
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• 2009

Objectives : The water and methanol extracts of Aconitum carmichaeli(Aconiti Tuber Preparat) were investigated for their anti-depressant effects. Methods : In this study, reserpine-induced hypothermia test, tail suspension test and hot plate test. Additionally, the brain monoamine oxidase activity was determined in vivo. Results: In the reserpine-induced hypothermia test, both extracts suppressed the fall of body temperature compared to the control group in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the inhibition on hypothermia. In the tail suspension test, the methanol extract dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility by 28.4% at a dose of 1 g/kg compared to control group, which is more effective than the water extract. In the hot plate test, the water extract and methanol extract increased the jump latency time compared to the control group, showing the inhibition rate of 198% and 182%, respectively, at a dose of 1 g/kg. Methanol extracts potently inhibited the brain monoamine oxidase activity in an in vivo assay compared to the control group, showing 84.6% inhibition, but the water extract revealed very weak activity. Conclusions : Above results suggested that the extract of Aconitum carmichaeli can be useful for the prevention and treatment of depression.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.106-118
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• 2004

Antigenotoxicity test (SOS chromotest), antimutagenecity test (Ames test), and antioxidant test (NBT method and xanthine-xanthine oxidase method) were carried out using water-soluble and methanolic extracts from Puerariae Flos. Against the mutagens MNNG and NQO, antigenotoxic activity of methanolic extracts were much more effective than that of water-soluble ones. When the methanolic extract was added to the certain concentration $(100{\mu}{\ell}/tube)$, antigenotoxic acivity against the mutagen MNNG was enhanced. Contrary to the water-soluble extract, the methanolic extract showed high antigenotoxicity against the mutagen NQO with increment of the extract. Against the mutagen MNNG with Ames test, antimutagenic activity of the methanolic extract at $300{\mu}{\ell}/tube$ was 96% as an inhibition ratio of revertant forming CFU/plate. The antioxidant activity of water-soluble extract was comparatively higher than that of the methanolic one.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 1994

Polyphenol oxidase in Yam was partially purified through ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The specific activity of purified PPO was 138.22 unit/mg protein. The optimum pH and temperature of purified PPO were respectively 7.0 and 30$^{\circ}C$. The heat treatment at 80$^{\circ}C$ for 6 min, decreased PPO activity to 50%. The enzyme showed high substrate specificity toward catechol. The Km value for catechol was 5 mM. In the Ames test using S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 catechol-YEBRP, pyrogallol-YEBRP, chlorogenic-YEBRP showed strong antimutagenicity on sodium azide and MECF excepting hydroquinone-YEBRP showed killing effect on both strains.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.8-11
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• 2011

In this study, we assessed the free radical scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of extracts isolated from the dried roots and stems (including leaves) of Angelica dahurica. The irritation response from these extracts was also assessed to determine potential cosmetic use. Both sources of A. dahurica extracts exhibited radical scavenging properties to different extents. The free radical scavenging potency ($EC_{50}$) of the stems (including leaves) of A. dahurica was 243.33 ${\mu}g/mL$, which is significantly lower (p<0.01) than that observed of the roots (1,161.79 ${\mu}g/mL$). The inhibition values ($EC_{50}$) of xanthine oxidase were as follows: 435.19 ${\mu}g/mL$ (roots) and 434.66 ${\mu}g/mL$ (stems). We noted no significant differences between the two plant parts with regard to ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity. After the application of A. dahurica extracts to rabbits for skin and eye irritation tests, no negative effects were observed; therefore, the extracts are considered to be non-irritating to the skin and eye.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.503-508
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• 2001

The essential oil of Acorus gramineus(Aracease), which has been used as an antioconvulsant in Korean folk medicine, was evaluated for its effects on antioxidative system in vitro and in vivo. This mixture of terpenes showed inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase activity with 13.3% at 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and on aldehyde oxidase activity with 5.0% at 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Lipid perosidation was inhibited by 49.4% at 1.0 mg/ml of the essential oil in vitro and by 16.7% after 7 days inhablation of an oil as compared to PTZ-treated control group. DPPH radical scavenging activity of this essential oil was ralatively werak.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.28-32
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• 2013

Objective: This study was performed to analyze the single-dose toxicity of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) extracts. Methods: All experiments were conducted at the Korea Testing & Research Institute (KTR), an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen for the pilot study. Doses of DAAO extracts, 0.1 to 0.3 cc, were administered to the experimental group, and the same doses of normal saline solution were administered to the control group. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: In all 4 groups, no deaths occurred, and the $LD_{50}$ of DAAO extracts administered by IV was over 0.3 ml/kg. No significant changes in the weight between the control group and the experimental group were observed. To check for abnormalities in organs and tissues, we used microscopy to examine representative histological sections of each specified organ, the results showed no significant differences in any organs or tissues. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that treatment with D-amino acid oxidase extracts is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 1986

Polyphenol oxidase in apple (Golden Delicious) was extracted, partially purified and its properties were found as follows; Polyphenol oxidase showed optimum pH for activity at 6.5 and optimum temperature at $30^{\circ}C$ and high affinity to o-diphenol compounds. Cysteine, ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite appeared to be most effective inhibitors. EDTA showed a slight inhibition. During the enzyme was kept in test tube at $4^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$ for a week, polyphenol oxidase activity decreased sharply during the first four days at $20^{\circ}C$, then decreased slowly as the storage was prolonged. At $4^{\circ}C$, the polyphenol oxidase activity appeared to be relatively stable during the first two days before activity began to decline sharply. Polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis indicated four bands with polyphenol oxidase activity. Three bands and one band of the active bands were observed after heating for 1hr at $60^{\circ}C\;and\;70^{\circ}C$ respectively. The enzyme activity was observed 40% after treatment at $60^{\circ}C$ and 5% after treatment at $70^{\circ}C$. Therefore, no difference in the thermal stability was observed between active bands and the enzyme activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.208-212
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• 2010

The low and high temperature stress might affect the yield and quality of many crop species. Alternative oxidase (AOX) gene is known as factors related to stress resistance in plants. In order to develop molecular markers related to stress resistance in Chinese cabbage, fifteen ESTs sharing sequence similarity to arabidopsis AOX genes were found using Brassica rapa EST database from NCBI. The polymorphic DNA sequences using the ESTs were then screened between Chinese cabbage, 'Chiifu' and 'Kenshin'. We found four ESTs that have either insertion or deletion between the two cultivars. These polymorphic sites were then targeted for development of the four PCR based molecular markers. These molecular markers developed in this study could be useful for a test of their relationship with abiotic stress resistance in Chinese cabbage.