• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.215-223
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• 2012

This study was aimed to find factors responsible for export potential of oyster mushroom through postharvest treatments including high pressure $CO_2$ and anti-moisture pad. Temperature fluctuation during export simulation induced the condensation of excess moisture resulting in the quality loss due to browning and decay. Anti-moisture pad was effective on inhibition of browning occurrence in part. High temperature exposure ($15^{\circ}C$) as retail simulation greatly offset the positive effect of anti-moisture pad. Short term treatment of high pressure $CO_2$ delayed the surface color changes as hunter L, a, and b values. There was no consistent tendency in total sugar and phenolics between treatments. In general, the export potential of small size mush-room (export size) at harvest was higher than large ones (domestic size). The major factors asso-ciated with the quality decrease of oyster mushroom during export were moisture condensation in packages and temperature fluctuation. Further research is required to improve mushroom export procedures.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.411-419
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• 2003

The potent biosynthetic precursors, 24$\alpha$-methylcholesterol and 24$\alpha$-methylcholestanol, and the endogenous brassinosteroids (BRs), castasterone (CS) and 6-deoxocastasterone (6-deoxoCS), were identified from shoots of maize seedlings. In addition, the presence for activities of several enzymes involved in the late C6-oxida-lion pathway from 24$\alpha$-methylcholestanol to CS was demonstrated in the plants. However, activity for brassinolide (BL) synthase which catalyze the conversion of CS to BL, the last step of the late C6-oxidation pathway, was not detected in the enzyme solution obtained from the maize shoots. Together with the fact that BL was not identified from the maize shoots, these results strongly suggested that BRs in the maize shoots are biosynthesized during seedling growth and the active BR in the shoots is not BL but CS.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of weed control and phytotoxicity of oxyfluorfen using a transgenic rice line (CPPO06 event) resistant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) inhibiting herbicides in the direct-seeding flooded rice. Five annual weeds including Echinochloa oryzoides and two perennial weeds were occurred in the test field. Oxyfluorfen at 120 g a.i. $ha^{-1}$ in the application timing of two days before sowing and 0 and five days after sowing showed more than 90% weed control value except for Juglans mandshurica. Total weed control value was more than 95% in any application timing indicating a highly effective herbicide in the direct-seeding flooded rice. When compared with untreated control, no visual injuries were detected at single and double dosage of oxyfluorfen. The agronomic characteristics and yield components of CPPO06 event was reasonable in any time of application in this study. Based on these data, oxyfluorfen application before and after sowing can be applied to provide effective weed management in the direct-seeding flooded field.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.131-141
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• 2013

Stock identification of Todarodes pacificus collected in the East Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea during the period from September to December in 2011 was analyzed by morphometric characters and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene nucleotide variations. Frequency distributions of mantle length was analyzed by morphological method with measuring size of T. pacificus. Then each stock was estimated to confirm their maturation for mean mantle length comparing with mean mature mantle length 20-22 cm. According to morphologic stock identification, it is estimated that the northern part of East Sea is categorized as summer stock and the rest parts, including mid /southern part of the East Sea, northern part of the East China Sea and northern part of the West Sea were autumn stock. For genetic analysis, a total 49 haplotypes were defined by 33 variable nucleotide sites. From the extensive haplotype diversity, limited nucleotide diversity and star-like shape of haplotype network, T. pacificus appears to have undergone rapid population expansion from an ancestral population with a small effective population size. Although pair-wise Fst estimates which represent genetic difference among groups were low, there are relatively remarkable difference of Fst between middle and southern part of the East Sea. Although middle part of the East Sea and southern part of the East Sea were situated at the East Sea, genetically separated groups were appeared.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 2014

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) have improved substantially the prognosis of many of these diseases, if diagnosed early enough before irreversible damage occurs. Diseases of inborn errors of metabolism are so diverse over several hundred disease up to now and may be several thousand in near future, and these diversities of IEMs make clinicians embarassed. The signs of neurological dysfunctions of many IEMs manifesting in the neonatal period is very nonspecific, such as poor feeding, poor sucking, apnea or tachypnea, vomiting, hypertonia, hypotonia, seizure, letharginess, consciousness change and coma. But after neonatal period, the signs of neurological deficits become specific and localized. The results of routine basal laboratory tests such as metabolic acidosis, hyperammonemia, lactic acidemia, ketonemia or hyperuricemia can give very important clinical clues for the diagnosis of IEMs. Even no abnormal findings on routine laboratory test could be very important clue for NKH, sulfite oxidase deficiency and peroxisomal disorders. These various clinical manifestations of these diverse diseases can be categorized and summarized. This makes it essential that the practicing clinicians be familiar with the clinical presentations and symptomatic and systematic approaches of these disorders. Characteristic clinical presentations, methods of symptomatic and systematic approach and typing of various disorders is discussed in this review.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2001

In order to investigate the pathogenicity and development of differential identification technique in the Yersinia species and other entericbacteria, we isolated 5 strains of Y.pseudotuberculosis from spring water sites in Seoul. The biochemical characteristics of isolated strains revealed that indole, VP($25^{\circ}C$, $37^{\circ}C$), $H_2S$, phenylalanine, lysine, arginine, ornithine, gas from glucose, lactose, sucrose, sorbitol, oxidase and motility($37^{\circ}C$) were all negative and urease, glucose, mannitol, salicin, catalase and motility($25^{\circ}C$) were all positive. To detect the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis(Y.pseudotuberculosis), we carried out a study using a PCR with inv primers complementary to the pathogenic region and found that all strains were positive, this revealed that strains from spring waters were pathogenic. Also 16S rDNA for total 5 strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis were amplified and a stretch of approximately 1,450 nucleotides were sequenced and analyzed. The 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence homologies among Yersinia species ranged 97.5% to 100% and between Y.pseudotuberculosis and other entericbacteria they ranged 93.0% to 95.1%. The Phylogenetic tree generated from the sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA gene showed 3 coherent clusters that could be separated into Y.pseudotuberculsis strains, some Yersinia species strains and other entericbacteria strains.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to research about the ingredients for anti-oxidation and anti-wrinkle effects of the solvent fractions from Agrimonia pilosa L. hot water (AW) and 70% ethanol (AE) extracts. The electron donating ability of the solvent fractions from AW and AE extracts showed 84.9, 92.5% in ethyl acetate layer of AW and AE at 1,000 ppm. The superoxide dismutase like activity of solvent fractions from AW and AE extracts showed 61.8% in ethyl acetate layer of AW extracts and 58.0% in buthanol layer of AE extracts at 1,000 ppm. For anti-wrinkle effect, elastase inhibition effect of the solvent fractions from AW and AE extracts showed 55.2, 70.1% in ethyl acetate layer of AW and AE extracts at 1,000 ppm. And collagenase inhibition effect of the solvent fractions from AW and AE extracts showed highest inhibition effect as 90.6% in ethyl acetate layer of AW extract and 88.6% in $n$-butyl alcohol layer of AE extract at 1,000 ppm. All these findings suggested that solvent fractions from AW and AE extracts has an anti-oxidation and anti-wrinkle effects.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.174-178
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate a role of cytochrome $P_{450}$, for the toxicity of the phosalone in in vitro and in vivo bioactivation systems. The bimolecular inhibition rate constants$(k_i)$ of the phosalone to acetylcholinesterase(AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase(BuChE) were approximately $10^2M^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$, respectively, which meant a poor inhibitor. The potency of the phosalone as an inhibitor of AChE and BuChE was increased about 300 and 40 fold, respectively, when the inhibitor and the ChE were incubated with microsomes fortified with NADPH compared with microsome alone. Piperonyl butoxide(PB) addition to these coupled systems greatly reduced the inhibition of both target enzymes by blocking a bioactivation process. The $I_{50}$ value of the Phosalone alone for rat brain AChE was 170 mg/kg. When PB was pretreated, that value was altered to 42.5 mg/kg. PB pretreatment synergized the inhibition of brain AChE with four times. Rat blood erythrocyte AChE and plasma BuChE were similarly inhibited in vivo by the phosalone and PB pretreatment didn't affect significantly the pattern of the inhibition. The in vivo studies showed different results in the role of cytochrome $P_{450}$ from those of the in vitro studies.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2006

Biological activities and application of Isodon japonicus H. were investigated. In the physiological activities, the electron donating ability (EDA) was 66.3% in 100 ppm and SOD-like activity was as high as 85.0% in 1,000 ppm with gradual increase. As for the inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidase, it was 70.0% in 1,000 ppm and as low as 40.0% in 500 ppm; also, as for the inhibitory effect of tyrosinase, it was as low as 20.5% below 1,000 ppm. The tyrosinase inhibition effect related to skin whitening function showed 30.0% at 1,000 ppm level or below, indicating a relatively low effect. As for the result of measuring the lipid oxidation, all the concentrations of medical ion treatments showed anti-acidification ability; also, as for the metal ion blocking effects against the lipid oxidation promoting factors $(Fe^{2+}\;and\;Cu^{2+})$, $Fe^{2+}$ was better than $Cu^{2+}$ and all concentrations of medical ion treatments was 60.0% in 100 ppm. Also, the clear zone against various bacteria at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/disc was clearly shown. When it was applied into a normal skin-softener, it was safe, showing its potential as a natural material of cosmetics.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the cosmeceutical activities of Persicae semen. Cosmeceutical activities include anti-oxidant, tyrosinase inhibition effects and nitrite scavenging ability. The Persicae semen was divided into three parts, Bean of Persicae semen (BPS), Shell of Persicae semen (SPS) and Nibs of Persicae semen (NPS). In the electron donating ability test, 1,000ppm of water extract from BPS showed an effect of 89%, while 1,000 ppm of ethanol extract from SPS showed an effect of 87%. These results are higher compared to those of BHA at the equal concentration. We were able to get an effect of 98% from all of Persicae semen ethanol extract of 10,000 ppm in the tyrosinase inhibition test. Nitrite scavenging ability test, ethanol extract from BPS was decreasing to 96% by addition of 1,000ppm. According to these results, we find that Persicae semen applicable to advanced material for cosmetics. From the above results, it was confirmed that Persicae semen could be used in functional cosmetics.