• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.553-560
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the lipid peroxidation, plasma antioxidant status and insulin resistance in childhood obesity. To this end, we measured blood lipid profiles, glucose, insulin concentrations, plasma antioxidant vitamins, baseline conjugated diene formation as a measure of LDL oxidation in vivo and TRAP (total radical trapping antioxidant potential) of 93 school children (58 nonobese, 35 overweight-obese). Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The overweight-obese children showed significantly higher levels of leptin (p < 0.0001) and triglyceride (p < 0.05) and significantly lower level of plasma Iycopene (p < 0.001) and $\gamma$-tocopherol (p < 0.05) compared with the normal weight children. Furthermore, the levels of TRAP were significantly lower in overweight-obese children (p < 0.05). Significant positive relationships between plasma leptin and conjugated dienes formation (p < 0.005) and inverse relationship between plasma leptin and lipid corrected levels of $\beta$-carotene (p < 0.05), Iycopene (p < 0.05) were observed. Our results showed an increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant capacity in childhood obesity which could be involved in the atherosclerotic process.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.633-641
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• 2000

본 연구는 체중과다나 비만에서 총항산화능의 변화를 관찰하고, 총항산화능과 평소의 식사섭취상태와는 어떤 관계가 있는가를 관찰하고져 실시하였다. 20대의 젊은 남성을 대상으로 정상체중군(n = 17, BMI 20∼25, 비만지수 90∼110% 체지방 16∼20%)과 체중과다군(n = 13, BMI > 25, 비만지수 120%이상, 체지방 25%이상)으로 분류한 후, 인체계측, 생화학적 검사(총콜레스테롤, glucose, albumin, creatinine, GOT, GPT, uric acid), 식이섭취 조사(24회상법)를 실시하였다. 총항산화능은 체중과다군에서 유의적으로(p <0.01) 높게 나타났으며 , 측정된 생화학적 지수들에서는 uric acid의 함량이 체중과다군에서 유의하게(p<0.05) 높았다 평소의 식이섭취 상태는 두 군 모두 칼슘과 비타민 B2의 섭취량이 권장량에 비해 부족한 것으로 나타났으며, 체중과다군에서 비타민 C(p <0.05)의 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. U-carotene과 비타민 E 섭취량에는 두 군간 차이가 없었고, 채소와 과일의 섭취량은 체중과다군이 적게 섭취한 반면, 음주와 흡연량은 체중과다군이 더 높게 나타났다. 두 군 모두 식사의 질은 양호하였다. 총항산화능 및 uric acid 함량과 측정지표들간의 상관관계를 살펴본 결과에서는 두 군 모두에서 총항산화능 및 uric acid 함량에서 서로 다른 경향을 보였다. 체중과다군에서는 총항산화능과 음주량이 부( - )의 상관 관계를 보였으며, uric acid 함량과 BMI, 비만지수, 및 총항산화능은 유의적인 정 (+)의 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 체중과다군은 정상체중군에 비해 총항산화능에 유의적인 차이가 있었으며 식이섭취상태와의 관련성은 나타나지 않았다. Uric acid 함량의 측정은 총항산화능과 정 (+)의 상관관계를 보여 또 다른 항산화능을 나타내주는 좋은 지표임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

Objectives This study was performed to figure out the effects of I-razin in overweight children without any exercise or specific diet. Methods Twenty-eight children those who were diagnosed overweight have been recruited. They were randomly assigned treatment or control group under block randomization. Treatment group were treated with I-razin for 8 weeks, and control group were treated with placebo medication under same conditions. Anthropometry, fat computed tomography and blood test have been done before and after the treatment. Results Eleven subjects in treatment group and seventeen in control group were evaluated. BMI, waist circumference, glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride were decreased in the treatment group. And reduction of BMI, glucose, and triglyceride in the treatment group were greater than control group. But there was no statistically significance. No side effects have been notice during the study period and no adverse effect on liver has been observed. Conclusion This study could not demonstrate effect of I-razin compared with control group. However, treatment group has a tendency of weight loss without side effect. Additional studies with large population are thought to be necessary to clarify the effect of I-razin.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2005

The obesity incidence rate of children in Korea has increased from 2 to 3% in 1970 to 15% in 2004. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of diet on obesity, and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations by obese index in Korean elementary school students. The subjects were three hundred and thirteen students(male 157, female 156). Height, weight and body fat were measured. Dietary records by the 24-hr recall method were taken for 3 days, and serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were determined. The obesity index was calculated by the Korean of Pediatrics Association standards. Nutrient intakes were calculated by CAN PRO. Almost twenty percent(19.8%) of the subjects were underweight, 60.1 % were normal, 10.2% were overweight and 9.9% were obesity. The obesity incidence rate of the males was not different from the females. Energy and nutrients intakes containing fatty acids were not significantly different by the obesity index. All the subjects had 59.7%～61.1% of carbohydrate and 24.2%～25.6% of fat for energy. Serum cholesterol concentrations of the obesity group(177.3 mg/dl) was higher than those of the underweight group(161.8 mg/dl) and normal weight group(163.5 mg/dl) and overweight group(163.8 mg/dl). Twenty nine percent of the obesity group had serum cholesterol concentrations over 200mg/dl, as compared with 4.8% of the normal and underweight group. Serum triglyceride in the obesity group(103.0mg/dl) was higher than those of the underweight group(79.7 mg/dL), normal weight group(81.0 mg/dl) and overweight group(81.1 mg/dl). Serum total cholesterol concentrations were correlated with the obese index, PIBW, R hrer index at p<0.001, with BMI at p<0.01 and with waist/hip ratio at p<0.05. Serum triglyceride concentrations were correlated with the obese index, PIBW, R hrer index at p<0.01. It is concluded that obesity increases serum total cholesterol concentrations and triglyceride concentrations, and that the obesity preventive program for normal weight children, and weight reduction program for obese children are necessary for elementary school children's education.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2014

As with humans, overweight or obesity is a major health concern in the companion animal population. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of dog owners attending primary small animal veterinary practices from different areas in Chuncheon, Kangwon province, Korea was undertaken to explore the relationships between socioeconomic and other relevant risk factors associated with canine obesity. In addition, the author was to estimate the prevalence of obesity compared to published literatures for dogs. Owners were asked about dog age, neuter status, feeding habits, dog exercise, household income and owner age. The body condition score (BCS) of the dogs was also assessed. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between BCS and potential risk factors controlling for confounding variables, using odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 275 dogs (136 males and 139 females) aged 1-12 years (mean age $5.6{\pm}3.7$ years) were surveyed in 2013. Of these, 46.9% of dogs (n = 129) were classed as an ideal body shape (BCS = 3), 30.9% (n = 85) were overweight (BCS = 4), 8.4% (n = 23) were obese (BCS = 5) and 13.8% (n = 38) were underweight (BCS = 1 or 2). Neutered males and spayed females had the highest prevalence of obesity (43.4% and 33.9%); intact females had the lowest prevalence of obesity (31.6%). In univariable model, risk factors associated with canine obesity are multifactorial and include owner income, owner age, age of dog, neuter status, frequency of feeding per day, frequency of snacks and consultation with veterinarian on dog's weight. In final multivariable logistic regression model, dogs whose owners reported no consultation with veterinarians for weight management were significantly more likely to be obesity than ideal (OR = 7.6, 95% CI, 4.2-13.8; p < 0.0001). This study showed a high prevalence of obesity in domestic companion dogs. Since this was a cross-sectional study with small samples, the association of canine obesity with risk factors warrants more research. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first Korean study on dog body condition and obesity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.587-593
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• 1994

A nutrition survey of 152 children , in the kindergarten attached to a proivate elimentary school of Pusan, was undertaken between Dec. 1 and Dec.14, 1993, to investigate dietary intake and nutrition status. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Compared with the Korean child development standard, their development conditions showed 113.1% , 102.2% , 103.3%, 101.75 in weight, height, head and chest, respectively. 2) By the standard of WLI(Weight Length Index) , proper to the children between age 4 and 6 , there proved to be 25% overweight and 4% obesity, 25% overweight and 19% obesity , 28 overweight and 26% obesity in 4-year-old, 5 year-old, and 6 -year-old children, respectively. 3) The children between age 4 and 6 averaged 37.6% in hematocrit and 12.4-12.8 5 in hemoglobin. these values were higher than those of the Korea child development standard. but the numbers of erythocyte, leucocyte and platelets were normal . Only a single child was considered suffering from aenmia . The 8% of them were over 200mg/이 in cholesterol, dangerously approaching the atherosclerosis. The 31% averaged 120mg/이 in triglyceride . And the 6% proved 100mg/이 in blood glucose when hung교. So it came out that not a few children had some factors dangers to diabetes, atherosclerosis and heart diseases : complications arising from obesity. 4) The intake of nutrients , except the 4-year-old children , ranged 108.4% to 2665 from the recommended value. The rates of carbohydrate, fat and protein to be much correlation among total intake of nutrients, development , results of blood test and WLI. The degree of obesity was proportionate to the intake of nutrients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2010

A cross-sectional survey was used to investigate the rates of overweight and obesity (BMI$\geq$25), and eating attitudes among college students. Data were collected at a large southeastern university. Adolescents (ages 18-25) self-reported weight and height (to calculate BMI), and, in addition to demographic information, completed the eating attitudes (EAT 26) scale to assess dieting tendencies. Significance of the mean BMI differences between gender and ethnic background were assessed by one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Chi-square was used to determine whether the rate of those with BMI$\geq$25 between gender and ethnic background was statistically significant. While 52.7% of the students' BMI were within the normal weight category, 15.2% were underweight, 21.3% were overweight, and 10.8% were obese. The rate of BMI$\geq$25 differed by gender and ethnicity, with males and African Americans having higher rates. About 12 % of the participants reported disturbed eating behavior, which is lower than previously reported. Even so, results support the generally held belief that disturbed eating attitudes and unhealthy dieting are common among college students, especially among females. At the same time, disturbed eating attitudes are not just the domain of young female students; about 10% of college males reported disturbed eating attitudes. Findings of this study call for obesity prevention/intervention and lifestyle modification outreach programs among college students. Weight status and unhealthy eating behaviors of college. students should be a concern to health care professionals. While obese young adults will likely remain obese throughout their adult life, excessive dieting among students, which is linked to eating disorders and other health hazards, does not provide healthy and adequate alternatives for maintaining a normal BMI. Implications for obesity prevention programs are discussed.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.39-55
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of an uncooked powdered food(UPF) on the weight loss and changes of the biochemical nutritional status for 20 overweight and 26 obese women in Iksan area. We just replaced common breakfast and dinner of the subjects with UPF. Their dietary intake status was evaluated by 24-hour recall method. Also anthropometric and biochemical measurements before and after the UPF program were estimated. The intake of energy, lipid and protein decreased and the quality of meals improved as people started to take UPF. Due to the energy loss by taking UPF, weight and body fat decreased significantly. The percentage of the body fat was high among the weight lost, from which we judged that the process of losing weight was successful. It is hard to predict whether weight loss will occur to people who are already in shape or not, but if overweight and obesity people regularly take UPF instead of other food products, we assume that UPF will help lessening the body fat. The most positive change among biochemical changes by taking UPF was the decrease of serum lipid contents. When overweight and obesity women replaced two out of three meals with UPF for 3 month period, no significant nutritional problems occurred. It seems that the 12weeks of UPF program used in this study was effective in improving anthropometric indices without producing the deficiency of iron or other susceptible nutrients.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.168-180
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• 1996

This study was accomplished to investigate the prevalence of obesity among the 229 elementary school children(boys; 115 persons, girls; 114 persons) during 4 years by retrospective study. The results were as follows; 1. The mean height and weight of 229 subjects were 143.2cm(boys;143.4cm, girls; 142.7cm), 38.8kg(boys;40.4kg, girls;36.9kg), respectively. And other anthropometric body index such as the mean BMI, Rohrer Index, WLI and Obesity Index of subjects were 18.8(boys;19.5, girls; 18.0), 1.31(boys;1.36, girls; 1.26), 115.5(boys;121.4, girls; 108.9) and 110.6(boys;114.5, girls; 106.7), respectively. 2. The mean percentile values of height and weight of subjects were higher than the '85 Korean Children's Growth Standard, respectively. In the case of boys, the 75th percentile value of weights was larger than that's 97th's. And in the case of girls, the 75th percentile value of weights was equalled to the that's 90th's. 3. When the subjects were classified into 4 groups such as obese, overweight, normal, and lean groups according to Obesity Index, their percentages were 28.8%(boys; 38.3%, girls; 19.3%), ll.8%(boys; 9.6%, girls; 14.0%), 50.7%(boys; 47.0%, girls; 54.4%) and 8.7%(boys; 5.2%, girls; 12.3%), respectively. And only I person(3.3%) is classified into normal group and 2 persons(6.7%) are classified into overweight group when they become 5 grade among 30 persons(13.1%) who were classified into obese group when they were I grade. 4. Changes in percentage of subjects differentiated by 3 indices during 4 years(from I grade to 5 grade) were as follows; In the case of BMI were 5.2%, 5.2%, 11.8%, 21.0%, 27.5%. In the case of Roher index were 13.1%, 11.8%, 14.4%, 14.8%, 17.8%. And in the case of WLI were 15.7%, 21.6%, 29.5%, 32.2%, 36.7%. 5. There was no significant difference among 4 groups on the skip rate of breakfast(obese;48.5%, overweight;55. mean meal time of subjects took about 10 minutes which was short, and the eating rate of obese group was significantly shorter than that of other groups(p<0.05). There was a tendency that the rate of the obese or overweight group eating together in breakfast and dinner was lower than that of normal or lean group. The mean T.V. watching time and the rate of eating out of subjects were 1-2 hours/day and 1 or 2 times/week. In conclusion, the subjects have been grown remarkably compared to the '85 Korean Children's Growth Standard, especially boy's weight. In order to the elementary school children to be grew as healthful citizen they should recognize the importance of meals of everyday, the balanced meals, and desirable eating habits. In addition to these, we should educate the ways of meal-life to them. We also are in need to develope the methods of education for the students themselves and their parents so that could prevent the increase rate of obesity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition difference and obesity prevalence in grade 5 to 8 by gender. A total of 1,333 students, 707 boys and 631 girls, were recruited from one elementary and one middle school in Seoul, Korea. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, lean body mass, and body fat were assessed. Height and weight were increased by grade, but Body Mass Index (BMI) by grade showed no significant difference among boys. Lean body mass had growth spurt between 7 and 8 grade among boys compared to gradual increase among girls. Overweight and obesity prevalence were higher among elementary schoolers than middle schoolers. Overweight (BMI for age> $85^{th}$ percentile) prevalence was about $44\%$ among $5^{th}$ grade boys compared $29\%$ among same grade girls. These results provided that there were prominent difference regarding body growth and obesity prevalence in gender and grade. Further studies for children and adolescents should be considered their body composition change.