• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.200-208
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• 2012

Surge overflow may cause damage on earthen levees. Levee strengthened on the levee crest and landward-side slope can provide protection against the erosion damage induced by surge overflow. In this paper, surge overflow of a roller compacted concrete RCC strengthened levee was studied in a purely Lagrangian and meshless approach, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. After verifying the developed model with analytical solution and comparing the results with full-scale experimental data, the roughness and erosion parameters were calibrated. The water thickness, flow velocity, and erosion depth at crest, landward-side slope and toe were calculated. The characteristics of flow hydraulics and erosion on the RCC strengthened levee are given. The results indicate that the RCC strengthened levee can resist erosion damage for a long period.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2017

This research conducted the two types of model tests to examine the failure parameters by levee overflow, those were the pilot-scale levee (model height 0.4~0.8 m) and real scale levee (model height 1.0 m). The procedure of levee failure by overflow was succeeded to the following three steps: At first step, the local scouring on levee slope was happened and the overflow velocity was increased slowly. At second step, the enlarged scouring surface and the rapid overflow velocity were succeeded. At last, the levee section was broken totally and the overflow velocity was decreased because of the wide failure surface of levee. The levee failure angle (${\theta}$) was appeared bigger than slope failure angle of Rankine earth pressure. The enlarged levee height (H) made the faster overflow velocity (${\upsilon}$) of the levees, therefore additional tractive force was applied to it, futhermore the failure angle (${\theta}$) and failure surface (A) were enlarged. Because the sand sample for pilot-scale and real scale tests had the same diameter, the critical scouring velocity of each type was also the same, and the scouring properties were governed by variation of overflow velocity.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2015

According to the damage investigation in 2002, the failures of river levee were caused by overflow, erosion, and unstable body conditions due to piping, inappropriate embanking materials, and poor compaction. Especially, overflow was identified as a main reason that induces levee failure by 39.5% from the distribution of failure types. The major parameters, such as levee collapsing angle (${\theta}$), levee collapsing rate (k) affect inundation velocity and area size during the analysis of inundation modeling, however, domestic research effort on this area is still insufficient. In this paper authors conducted levee failure experiments of 4 levee height types, 0.20 m, 0.25 m, 0.30 m, and 0.40 m based on theassumption of Froude Similarity (${\lambda}_{Fr}=1$). As a result, the authors suggested a levee failure mechanism according to the levee heights (H), a collapse extension lengthwhich is around, levee collapse angle (${\theta}$), levee collapse rate (k).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.34-39
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• 2017

Typical flow regime of overflow at barrier or weir constructed in mid and small streams becomes as the submerged flow during most flood events. One of major causes of barrier failure has been reported as the levee-scour near the conjuction node between barrier and levee. However, most related design guidelines in Korea have not mentioned about the protection of levee around barrier or weir in detail. Furthermore, most previous researches have focused on the flow characteristics of overflow around several types of weirs but they did not have considered the material properties of levee itself. In this study, local scour near barrier was investigated with different material properties of levee under the submerged overflow condition which is assumed to reenact a flood event. Based on results from Fritz et al. and Mavis et al., a theoretical formula was also proposed in initial stage of laboratory experiments. And hydraulic experiments were carried out for the verification of the proposed formula. Levee was installed in the prismetic trapezoidal open channel and most parts were made of concrete except for movable section in which scour was expected to occur for the efficiency of experimental procedure. Each compaction of movable section in levee was followed by the basis of the KS F 2312. Further, after performing the experiments to find the optimum water content for each sediment, the specific amount of water was injected before flowing water. The difference between the proposed theoretical formula and experiment results was not much but considerable, which might be caused by the effect of compaction. For theoretical approach, it seemed that the formula did not take into account the compaction of levee, thus the correction coefficient for levee compaction determined in the literature was considered. Finally, the formula for the length of scour around barrier or weir was proposed, which can be useful to predict a levee in the reference design of revetment in mid and small streams. As shortly future study, scour length of levee around barrier or weir under different flow conditions such as perfect overflow condition will be studied and it will be able to contribute to suggest the design formula or criteria under all overflow conditions near barrier or weir.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.17-25
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• 2017

Owing to recent climate change, the scale of rainfall tends to increase gradually and the risk of flooding has increased. Therefore, the importance of improving the levee management and disaster response is increasing. Levee management in Korea is carried out at the level of damage recovery after the occurrence of damage. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology for predicting and managing the levee safety with proactive river management. In this study, a method to estimate the safety against erosion and overflow was suggested. A map of levee safety that can be used as basic data is presented by displaying the levee safety on the map. The levee erosion safety was calculated as the ratio of the internal and external force for each shore type. The levee overflow safety was calculated as the ratio of the maximum conveyance and design flood. The maximum conveyance was a discharge when the level of the river was equal to the level of the levee crown. The levee safety was classified into 5 grades: very safe, safe, normal, dangerous, and very dangerous. As a research area from downstream of Nam River Dam to Nakdong River Junction, the levee safety against erosion and overflow was estimated for all levees and all cross-sections of the river. The levee safety was displayed on a map using GIS. Through the levee safety map as a result of this study, the levee safety can be observed intuitively. Using the levee safety map, a maintenance plan for a river can be easy to build. This levee safety map can be used to help determine the priority of investment for efficient budget used.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.181-190
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• 2021

In this study, a large-scale levee breach experiment from lateral overflow was conducted to verify the effect of the new reinforcement method applied to the levee's surface. The new method could prevent levee failure and minimize damage caused by overflow in rivers. The levee was designed at the height of 2.5 m, a length of 12 m, and a slope of 1:2. A new material mixed with biopolymer powder, water, weathered granite, and loess in an appropriate ratio was sprayed on the levee body's surface at a thickness of about 5 cm, and vegetation recruitment was also monitored. At the Andong River Experiment Center, a flow (4 ㎥/s) was introduced from the upstream of the A3 channel to induce the lateral overflow. The change of lateral overflow was measured using an acoustic doppler current profiler in the upstream and downstream. Additionally, cameras and drones were used to analyze the process of the levee breach. Also, a new method using 3D point cloud for calculating the surface loss rate of the levee over time was suggested to evaluate the performance of the levee reinforcement method. It was compared to existing method based on image analysis and the result was reasonable. The proposed 3D point cloud methodology could be a solution for evaluating the performance of levee reinforcement methods.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

Post-Katrina investigations revealed that most earthen levee damage occurred on the levee crest and landward-side slope as a result of either wave overtopping, storm surge overflow, or a combination of both. In this paper, combined wave overtopping and storm surge overflow of a levee embankment strengthened with high performance turf reinforcement mat (HPTRM) system was studied in a purely Lagrangian and meshless approach, two-dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model. After the SPH model is calibrated with full-scale overtopping test results, the overtopping discharge, flow thickness, flow velocity, average overtopping velocity, shear stress, and soil erosion rate are calculated. New equations are developed for average overtopping discharge. The shear stresses on landward-side slope are calculated and the characteristics of soil loss are given. Equations are also provided to estimate soil loss rate. The range of the application of these equations is discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.209-221
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• 2002

In the present paper, a method which enhances the circulation of harbor waters by using wave energy was investigated. The overflow levee was selected as a coastal structure helping the harbor circulation, and was applied to Jeju-outer-port site so as to estimate its effectiveness quantitatively in probabilistic point of view. It was assumed that sea water influx rate through the overflow levee into the harbor depended upon wave height and tidal level and a functional relationship among them was calculated using the results of hydraulic experiment. The probability distribution of water influx could be obtained from hindcasted wave data and measured tidal elevations at Jeju harbor. The Gamma distribution was appeared to best fit the estimated influx distribution, and the optimal location of the levee was discussed. Finally, water quality purification effect was investigated by computing the contaminant material dispersion according to whether the levee was or not.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Developmental technique is mixed bio-polymer and riprap to protect the breaking of a levee. Purpose of new technique is restraint from scour and failure of bankside. Technique of this research can apply shore protection and embankment overflow reinforcement works. Because This technique is easy for construction. In order to apply the technique in fields, It is need to conduct the test-bed or real scale experiment study for stability-guaranteed. In case of embankment overflow reinforcement works, It is difficult to conduct test bed in the field. Real scale experiment was conducted in River Experiment Center. Purpose of real scale experiment is to reappear disaster scene by embankment overflow and verify restraint from scour and failure about the technique. In this experiment results, We can find the strength effect of mixed bio-polymer and riprap.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09c
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• pp.49-54
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• 2010

In order to study the performance of levees reinforced with steel sheet piles under high water condition, a series of model tests was conducted by simulating the high water condition before and after applying severe seismic loading history. As a result, the seepage behavior through the subsoil layers underlying the levee was not significantly affected by the seismic loading history. It was also verified that, irrespective of the seismic loading history, the sheet piles installed at the levee crest or shoulder are effective in preventing the breakage of levees caused by overflow. In addition, applicability of drainage works at the foot of the levee in preventing the seepage failure was confirmed.