• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.143-166
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• 2012

This paper deals in depth with airline over-booking practices and legal questions therefrom in the light of public interests. Chapter I as an introduction gives clear ideas of what are the over-booking, fact-revealing current state of denied boarding and nature of the problems inherent but veiled in those practices. In Chapter II, it is reviewed whether legal instruments for DBC(Denied Boarding Compensation) are adequately equipped for airline passengers in R. O. K. Upon the results of the review that international law to which Korea is a party, domestic law and administrative preparedness for the DBC are either null or virtually ineffective, the Chapter by contrast illustrates how well the U. S. and the E. U. safeguard civil rights of their passengers from such an 'institutionalized fraud' as the over-booking. In Chapter III on which a main emphasis lies, it is examined whether the over-booking practice constitutes a criminal offense: Fraud. In section 1, the author identifies actus reus and mens rea required for fraud then compares those with every aspect of the over-booking. In conjunction with the structural element analysis, he reviews the Supreme Court's precedents that lead the section into a partial conclusion that the act of over-booking judicially constitutes a crime of fraud. Despite the fulfillment of drawing up an intended answer, the author furthers the topic in section 2 by arguing a dominant view from Korean academia taking opposite stance to the Supreme Court. The commentators assert, "To consummate a crime of fraud, there must be property damage of the victim." For this notion correlates with a debate on legally protected interest in criminalization of fraud, the section 2 shows an argument over 'Rechtgut' matters specific to fraud. The view claims that the Rechtgut comes down rather to 'right to property' than 'transactional integrity' or 'fair and equitable principles'. However, the section concludes that the later values shall be deemed as 'freedom in economic decision-making' which are the benefit and protection of the penal law about fraud. Section 3 demonstrates the self-contradiction of the view as it is proved by a conceptual analysis that the infringement on freedom in economic decision-making boils down to the 'property damage'. Such a notion is better grounded in section 4 by foreign court decisions and legislation in its favour. Therefore, this paper concludes that the airline's act of over-booking is very likely to constitute fraud in both theory and practice.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.519-529
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• 2022

Many consumers are opting for online booking over traditional booking systems. Customers can actively seek out information about hotels and lodging services, as well as book rooms, at any time and from any location. Customers also feel more supported when they interact with virtual assistants or professionals. Recognizing this issue, several hotels have focused on improving their websites by incorporating aspects that encourage customers to book directly through the hotel's website. The study's goal is to discover what factors impact people's decisions to book a hotel stay through the hotel's website. Therefore, hotel managers and owners can make decisions to improve the hotel website to attract residents to Can Tho City. The factors are website quality, affective commitment, social presence, and e-trust that affect customers' decision to book through the hotel website. The study uses quantitative methods to collect data from 180 residents living in Can Tho. Through data analysis on SPSS and Amos software, the research results show that three factors considered, namely website quality, affective commitment, and social presence, positively influence customers' booking decisions. This finding also suggests that e-trust is less critical to residents in Can Tho City, different from what the study had predicted.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.113-136
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• 2020

Worldwide, so-called 'over-booking' of Air Carriers is established in practice. Although not invalid, despite their current contracts, passengers can be refused boarding, which can hinder travel planning. The Korean Supreme Court ruled that an airline carrier who refused to board a passenger due to over-booking was liable for compensation under the "Nonperformance of obligation". But what the court should be thinking about is when the benefit(transport) have been disabled. Thereforeit may be considered that the impossibility of benefit (Transport) due to the rejection of boarding caused by 'Over-booking' may be not the 'subsequent impossibility', but not the 'initialimpossibility '. The legal relationship due to initial impossibility is nullity (imposibilium nulla est obligation). When benefits are initial impossibile, our civil code recognizes liability for damages in accordance with the law of "Culpa in Contrahendo", not "nonperformance of obligation". On this reason, the conclusion that the consumer will be compensated for the loss of boarding due to overbooking by the Air Carrier is the same, but there is a need to review the legal basis for the responsibility from the other side. However, it doesn't matter whether it is non-performance or Culpa in Contrahendo. Rather, the recognition of this compensation is likely to cause confusion due to unstable contractual relationships between both parties. Even for practices permitted by Air Carriers, modifications to current customary overbooking that consumers must accept unconditionally are necessary. At the same time, if Air Carriers continue to be held liable for non-performance of obligations due to overselling tickets, it can be fatal to the airline business environment that requires overbooking for stable profit margins. Therefore, it would be an appropriate measure for both Air Carriers and passengers if the Air Carrier were to be given a clearer obligation to explain (to the consumer) and, at the same time, if the explanation obligation is fulfilled, the Air Carrier would no longer be forced to take responsibility for overbooking.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.171-176
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• 2008

Most booking techniques make a reservation without customer's preference on internet. These techniques have booking problems not to improve customer's preference in the service industry. We have tried to apply object-based scheduling technique to performing art reservation. For customer's satisfaction, we have considered customer's preferences in the reservation scheduling. The scheduling technique for performing art reservation proposed in this thesis is based on object-oriented concepts. To consider the over all satisfaction, the events of every object are alloted to the sitting plan board along its priority. To minimize backtracking or not to fail the allotment of events, we have scheduled to rise customer's preference in the scheduling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.65-75
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• 2008

Over the last three decades, there are many researches focusing on the practice and theory of RM in airlines. Most of them have dealt with a seat assignment problem for maximizing the total revenue. In this study, we focus on a seat assignment problem in airlines. The seat assignment problem can be modeled as a stochastic programming model which is difficulty to solve optimally. However, with some assumptions on the demand distribution functions and a linear approximation technique, we can transform the complex stochastic programming model to a Linear Programming model. Some computational experiments are performed to evaluate out model with randomly generated data. They show that our model has a good performance comparing to existing models, and can be considered as a basis for further studies on improving existing seat assignment models.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.117-131
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• 2009

Over the last three decades, there are many researches focusing on the practice and theory of RM in airlines. Most of them have dealt with a seat assignment problem for maximizing the total revenue. In this study, we focus on a seat assignment problem in airlines. The seat assignment problem can be modeled as a stochastic programming model which is difficulty to solve optimally. However, with some assumptions on the demand distribution functions and a linear approximation technique, we can transform the complex stochastic programming model to a Linear Programming model. Some computational experiments are performed to evaluate out model with randomly generated data. They show that our model has a good performance comparing to existing models, and can be considered as a basis for further studies on improving existing seat assignment models.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.624-640
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• 2022

Taxi-demand forecasting and hotspot prediction can be critical in reducing response times and designing a cost effective online taxi-booking model. Taxi demand in a region can be predicted by considering the past demand accumulated in that region over a span of time. However, other covariates-like neighborhood influence, sociodemographic parameters, and point-of-interest data-may also influence the spatiotemporal variation of demand. To study the effects of these covariates, in this paper, we propose three models that consider different covariates in order to select a set of independent variables. These models predict taxi demand in spatial units for a given temporal resolution using linear and ensemble regression. We eventually combine the characteristics (covariates) of each of these models to propose a robust forecasting framework which we call the combined covariates model (CCM). Experimental results show that the CCM performs better than the other models proposed in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.123-133
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• 2003

The specific objectives of the study were as follows: 1) To investigate the composition system (design, usability and interactivity) of web sites of textile exchange of B to B 2) To examine and valuate contents and marketing (announcement, satisfaction and variety of contents) of web sites of textile exchange of B to B. The data were collected from search engine, portal sites of evaluation, direct contact, interview over the phone with web master of concerned web sites and the result of analytical valuation of web sites. The results of this study were as fellows: 1) The Dongsung trading intended to mainly use their homepage as a inside communication place by intranet network. The Daechang trading was mainly using their homepage as a tool of expansion of their outside export market. The etextiler was selling their web solutions through homepage. The texcom was offering the web place and useful informations to trading companies in Asia. 2) The texcom consisted text with little image to speed up for loading and navigation for usability of users. The Dongsung trading made intranet network for communication and exchange of informations of company inside. The etextiler offered a booking menu to inquiry in homepage. The Daechang trading tried to give good impression from the introduction page at homepage.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.49
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• pp.325-358
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• 2011

The purpose of this study aims to analyse the implications of volume contract clause with Rotterdam Rules. The Hague-Visby Rules have been in force this jurisdiction for over 30 years. In those three decades they have performed valiant service, both for the development of maritime law in this country and for the countless parties from around the world who have chosen courts and arbitral tribunals in London for the resolution of disputes arising under bills of lading or under charterparties incorporating the Hague-Visby Rules. While the Hague-Visby Rules apply only to bills of lading or any other similar documents of title and hence all other contracts of carriage are not subject to the current regime, this is not the case for the Rotterdam Rules which, broadly speaking, apply to contracts of carriage whether or not a shipping document or electronic transport record is issued. To preserve freedom of contract where necessary, however, a number of significant concessions were made and Article 80 represents one of the most controversial: that of volume contracts. However, the provision lends itself to abuse under each one of the elements as there is no minimum quantity, period of time or frequency and the minimum number of shipments is clearly just two. This means that important contracts of affreighment concluded pursuant to, for example, oil supply agreements have the same right to be excluded from the scope of application of the Rotterdam Rules. The fact that a volume contract may incorporate by reference the carrier's public schedule of services and the transport document or other similar documents as terms of the contract would make a carefully drafted booking note for consecutive shipments a potential volume contract as well.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.349-356
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• 2016

This study analyzed the influence of online consumers' shopping values on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The shopping values in this paper include the utilitarian-, hedonic-, and social engagement-shopping values. The hypothesized research model was proposed based on five main constructs: three shopping values, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. This study tested the hypothesized model using the data from 182 consumers who purchased accommodation products over the last six months. The findings showed that consumers' shopping values have a significant impact on customer satisfaction. In addition, the customer satisfaction has a significant influence on customer loyalty. Online accommodation booking sites need to make efforts to recognize the consumers' different shopping values and social influences to use a website as a tool for managing customer relationships.