• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.113-121
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the depth of fashion product line on sales. The depth of the fashion product line was defined as the variety of style, color, and size in the outwear line for this study. Data were collected from the 98 brands in 4 department stores located in Seoul and Pusan. The result showed the significant impact of the variety of the outwear style on sales. Even after controlling the effect of advertising and the level of price in each brand, significant effect of the variety of outwear style were noticed on sales.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.716-726
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• 1994

The present study was conducted to analyze the type of appeal and constituent unit's expression of apparel advertising appeared in women's magazine through content analysis. The research questions raised for this study were: (1) Are there any differences in the type of appeal between outwear and uderwear, men's and women's outwear, and formal wear and casual wear advertising ? (2) Are there any differences in the type of appeal and constituent unit's expression of apparel advertising between the late of 1980's and the begining of 1990's ? "Women Sense", founded on August 1988, was used as research materials for the study. And the period of analysis was from September 1988 to March 1993. In order to reduce biases of monthly issues in magazine, the apparel advertisements for analysis were selected from March, June, September and December issues. A total of 348 apparel advertisements were analyzed. The data gethered were analyzed using the frequency table, percentage and chi-square test. The results were as follows: 1. The emotional appeal was used more often for apparel advertisements. 2. There was no difference in types of appeal between men's and women's outwear. Both of them frequently used emotional appeal type 3. Rational appeal and sex appeal type were used more frequently in underwear advertising than in outwear advertisements. 4. It was emotional appeal type that usually used in both formal and casual wear advertising, and sex appeal was employed more often in casual wear advertising than in formal wear advertising. 5. Romantic appeal was employed more aften in the late of 1980's than in the begining of 1990's. Sex appeal and rational appeal were used more often in the beginning of 1990's than in the late of 1980's. 6. Emotional (28.7%) and Assertion Propose Headlines (21.6%) were popular in the late of 1980's. 7. Brand Name Headline was shown most often in the begining of 1990's. 8. Emotional, Factual and Mixed Copies were generally used at all types of bodycopy. while there was no difference in types of bodycopy between the periods. 9. Direct Approach, that a model introduced advertising goods to consumer, was mainly used in illustration. There was no difference in different types of illustration between the periods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.89-107
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• 2000

Underwear has undertaken the auxiliary role of outwear also. Thus, as outwear has changed forming the characteristic mode in every period, underwear has changed endlessly, so that it may match the form and function of outwear, in accordance with the stream of period. In this study, this researcher examined hoop and petticoat which were used for widening the skirt which is female clothes with diverse names in every period. under one name which is farthingale, centering around the West and korea, from 16th century to 20th century(the first term). In addition, it examined by comparison the relevancy between to the history and change factor of underwear which was used for swelling the skirt in Korean clothes. The result to have studied on the history and change factor about the farthingale of West and Korea is as follows: This study found that the silhouette of women's clothing has a strong relationship with underwear. Also The result to compare the underskirt of the West with that of Korea is as follows : They has other character, but in 18th century, being compared the underskirt of the West with that of Korea, for the swelling of skirt, this study found that they had something in common with the underskirt of the West and Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.36
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• pp.1-23
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• 1998

The origin and structural development of Do-po have been studied with a consideration of the back piece of Do-po in this paper. This study found that Do-po was in this paper. This study found that Do-po was originally imported from China. This paper reports that an earlier record on Do-po is found in an epitaph(1564) than the record found in S njoSilnok(1607) which is conventionally known as the earliest record on Do-po. The structure of Do-po has been widely known as an“attachment of J n-sam”on slitted back piece of the outwear. However, this study shows that Do-po has been formed by inserting the gusset of the front piece into the back piece of the outwear Jik-nyung. This change can be considered as the economical and practical needs to save the cloth or by the aethetical need of simpler clothing. This study also classifies the shape of gussets largely into nine classes according to the temporal development in the shape of gussets.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.35
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• pp.325-341
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• 1997

One of the noticeable trends of female wear in 1990s is the Outwearization of Underwear as it is called 'Lingerie look' This trend meaned 'Exposure Fashion' raised splendidly its head to the whole stage of fashion destrying the tradional concept having divided the fashion between outwear and underwear by Madonna an Americal populer singer showed up in front of the audience wearing the corset-dress as a stage custome. This corset-dress which can not be recognised whether it is underwear or outwear has been diffused into the mass as a fashionable trend re-gardless of any reason; therefore discrimi-nation of wear by space by far that is underwear should have the sstandard telling between private and public sector has been gradually tumbled. By the way what has propelled desigers to introduce the style continuously having the underwear motive such as outwear almost as same as underwear or underwear worn on out-wear etc. and has made it a fashion trends? How do we accept this "Ligerie look'fashion" The rearch on vogue of outwearization of underwear started by the questions above can be summarized as the followings The division between the sprit and the ma-terial-economic shrinkage by the collapse of the bubble economy in the late of 20 century and expectation for the next century doubt by changes of international politics dynamics for the next century and increasement of psycho-logical tention by the environmental destruc-tion etc, has been extended to break the sense of value down These frustration of the tra-ditional values and dissatisfaction on the pres-ent have reflected on the fashion pursuing some more sensational style to increase the ex-posure of the body. The revolution of wearing bouncing the con-servatismhas outwardly expressed underwear of the private sector. Therefore the spatial concept of wear which for the public sec-tor has been fallen into pieces and has broken the wall of the concept fixed by outwear on underwear. in addition the stage costome for the popular people like Madonna has not been limited by the specularity any more and has been assimilated with the normal wear on the street to take the distinction for away. The circumstances of the late of 20 century pursuing sensation and making sex commer-cialized have accordance with the outweari-zation of underwear. there it is on the basis of Minimalist's dogmatism has been expressed the maximization of expoure in the pubric space to popularize bra pants(knickers) as outwear. The reaction on the attribute of hiding and shanding has brought 'See-Through fashion' with the transparent materials, The contemporary doubt recalling the mem-ory of the past has sublimated corset which was an instument of toture for women into Romanticism to introduce it to fashion with the development of a new material not to be a tool of any oppression and maltretment any longer. The popularization of outwear like underwear what's more has brought high quality of underwear. There it has called for the variety of materials such as knit demin and velvet etc, and has urged the famous designers to enlarge their working boundaries to underwear designs, Besides outwearization of underwear has been popular even in the Orient which has the con-servative opinions on exposure ; so changes of the thoughts can be seen among the establish-ment generation on exposure of the body. As the more high tech information publi-cized and the more technology and media digitalized the more expression being analog the pursue for the new in fashion with vision never been seen and even though it is imprac-tical the experimental designers have drived the freedom beyond the traditional roles of the previous century. Consequently outwearization of underwear may be viewd as a trial as an expression responded the contemporary background. This trend in my opinion will have been lasted for a while by being proliperlated among lasted for a while by being proliperlated among the pub-lic who has the century-end anxiety and doubt and expectation for the next century.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.105-114
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• 2001

The result of this study is on textile expressed in the costume of the Kazakh tribe, Kirgiz tribe, Tajik tribe. Basically the material of costume is fur, cotton flannel, felt, silk, cotton outwear, velvet cloth and beads, silver, earing, bracelet is used frequently. The tribes did embroider on the shoes, made of sheepskin or calfskin and collar, belt, button, pocket with the sketch of national trait. Eventually their cultures of costume seem to be very similar because of the resemblances in circumstance of nature, religion, custom of life but definitely they show conservatism in itself and independent culture. In the basic structure of traditional costume by races, there is no big difference. Then, in men, the trousers and the shirts of tunic type become the basic with the style which is convenient to act. And, to wear vest, or jacket, or chaban, over it makes a little difference. In women also, same structure shows with the form to wear vest or outwear, on the basis of one piece. But, in a small hat, head wear, color contrast, and decoration element etc., strict difference is showing. After all, they show very similar clothing life culture basically in natural environment, religion, and life habit etc., But, the discrimination is made in the detailed side. So, it can be said that they show the conservative nature of nationalities, and have preserved the unique identity of their own culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 1984

The main purpose of the study were to investigate a selection motive of clothing and the feeling of wearing of Korean high school students. The results were as follows ; 1. For underwear, the body appearance and the hygienical aspect were shown as important factors in a selection motive of clothing. And the property of matter and hygienical aspect were shown as important factors in the feeling of wearing. 2. For outwear, a functionality and the psychological aspect were shown as important factors in a selective motive of clothing. And a exeroise and the psychological aspect were shown as important factors in the feeling of wearing. 3. For skirt, the psychological aspect was shown as an important factor in a selection motive of clothing and the feeling of wearing. For pants, a functionality was shown as an important factor in a selection motive of clothing. 4. A exercise was shown as an important factor in the feeling of wearing with the silhouette of outwear. 5. The hygienical aspect was shown as an important factor in the demand of selection motive of clothing for comfort.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.6 s.208
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• pp.133-144
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to obtain and offer useful information on innerwear industry through an analysis of consumer purchasing behavior and preference of their between the 20's and 60's. From 310 questionnaires that were distributed, 308 with usable data were coded for further statistical analysis including descriptive statistics(frequency and chi-square test), by using SPSSWIN 10.0. The results were as follows.: It was found that the innerwear for men in their 20's should be developed in an attempt to place greater emphasis on improving functions as an outwear such as impact absorption and protection articulation required for outdoor activities such 3s mountain climbing and in-line skating, rather than the function of thermal insulation. In addition, the development of new materials that improves the hygroscopicity and rapid dryness is needed. For men in their 30's and 40's, the results suggest that innerwear should be designed as thinly as possible without compromising the silhouette of the outwear. For those in their 50's and 60's, it is recommended to intensify the aspects of health and hygiene of the innerwear, while maintaining the function of thermal insulation. Given that a large number of women purchase men's innerwear for their partners, it is important to strengthen the designs and marketing strategy specifically tailored to women's purchasing power.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.261-268
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate problems of design, fitness, suitability for movement, and wearing comfort of jumper for Korean military tank drivers through analysis of actual wearing condition by questionnaire and field evaluation and to provide basic data for developing its improved design. The survey was done for 477 military tank drivers and evaluation was performed using thermal manikin to measure insulation. The overall satisfaction for design of jumper for military tank driver was over 3.5(likert scale). The overall satisfaction for fitness of jumper for military tank driver was also over 3.5. The satisfactions for material was between 2.39 and 3.13 and the satisfaction for pilling property was the lowest, followed by static property and shape stability after laundering. The satisfactions for movement suitability were standing(3.81), sitting(3,38), raising hand(forward: 2.90, sideward: 3.01), respectively. In insulation evaluation of jumper for military tank drivers and outwears(jacket, jumper), the insulation of jumper for military tank drivers was lower than outwear(jumper) and same with outwear(jacket). The insulation in dynamic and still condition(without wind) of jumper for military tank driver was 0.37clo and 0.31clo, respectively. Its decreation rate in dynamic condition comparing to still condition was 59% which was lower than jacket(0.73clo) and jumper(1.15clo).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1019-1029
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• 1999

In order to find out the influences upon not only the thermal resistance of human body but also the clothing action and the clothing weight which are caused by the differences in the thermal living conditions by using air conditioner and so on to adapt themselves to the changes of their residential environment according to the changes of seasons we investigated the clothing practices upon the male and female students in Seoul and Korean male and female students in Yanbian who are estimated to have different thermal living conditions in spite that they are same folk as well as living in the same age. 1. The total clothing weight of body surface erea was increased in order of summer autumn spring and winter seasons and by seasons the changes of the clothing weight were found in both areas, In Seoul the changes of upper outwear clothing weight were found on both sexes but in Yanbian the changes of underwear weight were found on both sexes. And the underwear weight of both sexes in Seoul was lighter than that of both sexes in Yanbian. 2. Those in Seoul tended to fell colder in winter and hotter in summer than those in Yanbian on account that the formers are more sensitive of thermal conditions than the latters. 3. Comparing clo-value claculated by the fomula of with the Winshlow's clo-value those in Yanbian had higher thermal resistance than those in Seoul. Consequently those in Seoul adapted thermselves to the seasons by controling the upper outwear weight but those in Yanbian did it with underwear weight, The male and female students in Seoul tended to feel colder in winter and hotter in summer than hose in Yanbian because the thermal sense of the former is more sensitive than that of the latter.