• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.535-538
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• 2011

Malignant otitis externa (MOE) originates as inflammation of the epidermis in the external auditory canal, and spreads to the surrounding structures and neck, leading to abscess formation. MOE is associated with an immunosuppressive condition and diabetes. Patients with MOE suffer from otalgia, otorrhea and hearing loss. According to the literature, surgery to the temporomandibular joint is controversial as the treatment of choice.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.16.1-16.6
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• 2021

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common pathogenic species associated with canine otitis externa (OE). Their resilience is achieved by forming a biofilm, which allows these bacteria to evade even the harshest of treatments. This study evaluated the in vitro synergistic efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) with different antimicrobial agents against P. aeruginosa isolated from dogs with OE to develop an effective treatment against P. aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration test using the microdilution method. The efficacy of antibiofilm formation was evaluated using a crystal violet stain method. The treatment solutions included NAC alone, and in synergy with enrofloxacin, polymyxin B, and gentamicin. NAC alone exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm abilities. On the other hand, the combination of NAC and the antibiotics did not show any significant synergistic effects against P. aeruginosa.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.23-26
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• 2017

Otitis externa (OE) is an inflammatory disease of the externa auditory meatus that occurs commonly in dogs. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests should be performed in case of chronic OE for successful treatment. In this study, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test of bacteria isolated from dogs with chronic OE was performed. From 60 dogs with chronic OE, 60 bacterial species were identified. The most frequently identified species were Staphylococcus spp. (51%), followed by Pseudomonas spp. (15%) and Enterococcus spp. (14%). A single bacterial infection and multiple bacterial infections were observed in 67.5% and 32.5%, respectively. Staphylococcus spp. was susceptible to imipenum. Pseudomonas spp. was found to be susceptible to amikacin, cefepime, imipenum and piperacillin-tazobactam. Enterococcus spp. was susceptible to ampicillin-sulbactam, imipenum and piperacillin-tazobactam. Imipenum was highly susceptible antibiotic against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria whereas aztreonam and vancomycin were highly resistant. These results could suggest the optimal choice of antimicrobial agents for canine OE treatment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.303-305
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• 2009

A 7-month-old, female miniature pig was presented with excessive cerumen and pruritus. Greasy brown cerumen in both exteranal ear canal and sporadic head shaking were observed in the physical examination. Numerous budding yeasts in the cerumen were examined on microscopic examination. For species identification, PCR-RFLP using incubated colony on modified Dixon's medium was performed and finally, causative yeast was identified as M. furfur.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.11.1-11.7
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• 2020

The increase in canine skin and soft tissue infections, such as pyoderma and otitis, caused by Staphylococcus schleiferi strains, is of significant zoonotic concern. In this study, we report the first complete genome sequence for a methicillin-resistant clinical isolate of S. schleiferi (MRSS) designated as SS4, obtained from a dog with otitis externa, in Korea. The genome of SS4 strain was of 2,539,409 bp and presented high G+C content ratio (35.90%) with no plasmid. Comparative analysis of SS4 genome revealed that it is closely related to 2142-05 and 5909-02 strains isolated from the canine skin infections in the USA.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.37.1-37.6
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• 2021

This study evaluated the efficacy of a new, single-dose otic solution combining florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate for the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE) in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one client-owned dogs with OE were included in the study and divided into a treatment group that received the test solution and a negative control group that received a normal saline solution. On day 0, the dogs were treated either with the test or the control solution and evaluated over 30 days. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by clinical signs and cytological organism counts. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). After treatment with the test solution, clinical signs continuously decreased and cytological scores were significantly reduced. The results of MIC testing showed that the test solution was potent against the common pathogenic causes of canine OE. In this study, the most common causative pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis. No issues related to safety were identified. Based on these results, this new ototopical drug can be used as first line treatment for canine OE.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.353-356
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• 2002

A 9-year-old male Yorkshire terrior with recurrent chronic otitis externa and otitis interna was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University. Radiographic findings indicated mineralization around the right ear canal. A tan nodular mats, 1 cm in diameter. was noted near the tympanum after total ear canal ablation. Cytologically. the imprint smear of the cut surface of the mass produced clusters of cells with abundant and weakly basophilic cytoplasm, one small round nucleus and one or two nucleoli, mixed with both degenerate and non degenerate neutrophils. The location of the nuclei was eccentric, and some cells contained somewhat coarse black granules in their cytoplasms, on which the mass was diagnoted as ceruminous gland adenoma or hyperplasia associated with inflammation. Histopathologic examination of the tumor was compatible with a diagnosit of ceruminous gland adenoma. The patient is responding well to sugery and antimicrobial treatment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.470-473
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• 2012

Aromatherapy and apipuncture was evaluated for its efficacy on canine Malassezia-related otitis externa. Ten dogs with Malassezia-related otitis externa were used in the present study. The control group was treated with ketoconazole, and the experimental group was treated with aromatherapy (topical aroma-oil drop) and apipuncture (injection-acupuncture of apitoxin). Clinical scores of the control group after 2-week treatment (p < 0.01) revealed a significant decrease compared with scores of pre-treatment. Experimental group scores after 2-week treatment revealed a significant decrease compared with scores of pre-treatment (p < 0.05). In the control group, ALT levels were significantly increased in the 1-week treatment (p < 0.05) and the 2-week treatment (p < 0.01), compared with the pretreatment levels. The experimental group ALT levels did not significantly change after 1-week and the 2-week treatments, compared with pre-treatment. ALT levels of the experimental group after the 1-week treatment (p < 0.05) and the 2-week treatment (p < 0.01), was significantly lower than those of the control group. In conclusion, a combination therapy of apipuncture and topical aroma-oil drop is not hepatotoxic and similar to the effect of ketoconazole treatment for Malassezia-related otitis externa in dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo and in vitro efficacy of enrofloxacin-silver sulfadiazine (Baytril$^{(R)}$ otic, Bayer, USA) for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs. Twenty-four dogs with otitis externa were included in this double-blinded, randomized study. The experimental group was treated with the Baytril$^{(R)}$ otic and the distilled water was applied to the control group. Both groups were administered each solution twice daily for 7 days and next 7 days off treatment. On days 0, 7 and 14, clinical signs, bacteriological and fungal counts were graded using semi-quantitative scales, respectively. For the evaluation of in vitro efficacy of Baytril$^{(R)}$ otic, we also performed Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test by agar dilution method against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Malassezia pachydermatis. In the experimental group, the sum of clinical scores was decreased 81.0% and microbial scores were significantly reduced 87.0% at days 14, compared with day 0. The results of MIC testing were showed the concentration of enrofloxacin and silver sulfadiazine in Baytril$^{(R)}$ otic is high enough to kill for 3 infectious agents. No adverse reactions were observed in any of the dogs during this study. These results suggest that Baytril$^{(R)}$ otic are efficient and safe treatment for canine otitis externa.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.159-162
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• 2021

A 5-year-old, intact male, poodle dog with right external auditory canal obstruction and subaural mass was presented. Physical examination revealed that right external auditory canal opening was absent and right head tilt was identified. Aspiration in right subaural mass revealed a small amount of dark brown exudate. Streptococcus canis and Staphylococcus spp. were identified on the microbial culture. Radiography of the skull was revealed absence of air-filled ear canal at the right external ear canal (EEC) level. Computed tomography (CT) revealed well capsulated, hypoattenuated mass in the right EEC region. On the contrast enhanced CT images, rim enhancement around the mass and ear canal obstruction were identified. Fluid attenuated material filled with right bulla. Mild thickening of the right tympanic bulla wall with mild lytic lesion of the ventral wall were found. Based on the images findings, the case was tentatively diagnosed as right external auditory canal atresia with otitis media. Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy was performed. The entire ear canal was removed, numerous hair in the canal and the thickening wall were founded. Right ear canal was sent for histopathological evaluation and found to otitis externa. The patient was followed up for two weeks and there were no complications. This report described the CT diagnosis of right EEC atresia with otitis media rarely reported in small breed dogs.