• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.216-216
• /
• 2017

Primed seeds germinate faster and uniformly, since these have already started imbibition and metabolism requiring to complete germination. Several factors such as solution composition, osmotic potential, and treatment duration affect seed priming response. Water potentials of priming solution and germination response of primed seed were investigated to clarify the effects different inorganic salt types and the duration. Pepper seeds were primed in osmotic solutions that were osmotic potential ranged -1.54 to -0.45 MPa in an aerated solution of polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG; 17%, 22%, 27%), and inorganic salt solution of $KNO_3$, $K_2SO_4$, and $Na_2SO_4$ (100, 200, 300mM) in aerated condition. The seeds were treated at $20^{\circ}C$ for 4, 6 day (D) and stepwise duration combined concentration of 100mM (2 or 4 days) and 300mM(2 or 4days). After soaking treatment, seeds were washed with distilled water and then were dried to approximately 6% moisture content in dry chamber at $25^{\circ}C$. The germination of seed was characterized by ISAT rules at $20^{\circ}C/30^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$. Total germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination uniformity (GU), germination rate (GR), and health seedling percent (HS) were calculated on the germinated seed in a 14-day period. Seed water potential (${\psi}$) was correlated with water potential of priming solution ($r^2=0.84$). The effect of seed priming on germination varies with inorganic salt and organic agents (PEG). Germination percentage (GP, 77 and 73%), GR (21.3 and $19.4 %{\cdot}day^{-1}$), and HS (58 and 52 %) was greatest and lowest MGT (4.2 and 4.8 day) when they were primed in 100mM $K_2SO_4$ (${\psi}=-0.45MPa$), and 100mM $KNO_3$ (${\psi}=-0.52MPa$) for 6 days compared to untreated control (67% GP, $19.7%{\cdot}day^{-1}\;GR$, 18% HS, and 10.8 day MGT) in $15^{\circ}C$ chamber. Water potential less then -1.2MPa of osmotic solution resulted lower GP, GR and HS and in $K_2SO_4$ and $KNO_3$. However, stepwise treatment of water potential that changed solution as 100mM for 4 D + 300mM for 2 D or 300mM for 4 D + 100mM for 2 D) were not better than single concentration alone in germination characteristics.

• 한국약용작물학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2018

Background: This study aimed to investigate out the influence of drought stress on the physiological responses of Dendropanax morbifera seedlings. Methods and Results: Drought stress was induced by discontinuing water supply for 30 days. Under drought stress, photosynthetic activity was significantly reduced with decreasing soil water content (SWC), as revealed by the parameters such as Fv/Fm, maximum photosynthetic rate ($P_{N\;max}$), stomatal conductance ($g_s$), stomatal transpiration rate (E), and intercellular $CO_2$ concentration (Ci). However, water use efficiency (WUE) was increased by 2.5 times because of the decrease in $g_s$ to reduce transpiration. Particularly, E and $g_s$ were remarkably decreased when water was withheld for 21 days at 6.2% of SWC. Dendropanax morbifera leaves showed osmotic adjustment of -0.30 MPa at full turgor and -0.13 MPa at zero turgor. In contrast, the maximum bulk modulus of elasticity ($E_{max}$) did not change significantly. Thus, Dendropanax morbifera seedlings could tolerate drought stress via osmotic adjustment. Conclusions: Drought avoidance mechanisms of D. morbifera involve reduction in water loss from plants, through the control of stomatal transpiration, and reduction in cellular osmotic potential. Notably photosynthetic activity was remarkably reduced, to approximately 6% of the SWC.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제21권10호
• /
• pp.1064-1068
• /
• 2011

The osmotolerant yeast, Candida magnoliae, which was isolated from honeycomb, produces erythritol from sugars such as fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Erythrose reductase in C. magnoliae (CmER) reduces erythrose to erythritol with concomitant oxidation of NAD(P)H. Sequence analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the CmER gene indicated that one putative stress response element (STRE, 5'-AGGGG-3'), found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, exists 72 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon. An enzyme activity assay and semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that the expression of CmER is upregulated under osmotic and salt stress conditions caused by a high concentration of sugar, KCl, and NaCl. However, CmER was not affected by osmotic and oxidative stress induced by sorbitol and $H_2O_2$, respectively. The basal transcript level of CmER in the presence of sucrose was higher than that in cells treated with fructose and glucose, indicating that the response of CmER to sugar stress is different from that of GRE3 in S. cerevisiae, which expresses aldose reductase in a sugarindependent manner. It was concluded that regulation of CmER differs from that of other aldose reductases in S. cerevisiae.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.495-506
• /
• 2021

In this study, using a continuous behavior measurement technique, the short-term behavioral responses and tolerance limits of red seabream Pagrus major fingerlings to sudden exposure to low salinity in a controlled environment were observed. The activity of the fingerlings suddenly exposed to 21.4, 17.3, and 9.8 psu increased temporarily at the initial exposure to show irregular swimming behavior, but then recovered a stable activity pattern through rapid salinity adaptation. However, the organisms suddenly exposed to 7.3 and 4.3 psu could not withstand the salinity stress, and their swimming behavior was severely disturbed and all individuals died within 48 hours. The findings suggest that red seabream underwent a temporary salinity stress process at the beginning of the exposure to concentrations of 10.0 psu or higher. At these concentrations, osmotic control was possible within at least 11 hours, so stable metabolic activity was also possible. However, organisms suddenly exposed to concentrations below 5.0 psu exceeded the tolerance to low salinity and the sublethal limit. In red seabream exposed to this concentration range, severe behavioral and metabolic disturbances were observed, and death was observed due to osmotic control failure. In conclusion, a salinity range of 5.0 to 10.0 psu can be predicted to correspond to a concentration range in which the osmotic control ability of the red seabream fingerlings is lost, and sub-lethal reactions occur.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 1998

The generally accepted idea for carbohydrate translocation in plants is an osmotic pressure flow hypothesis. According to the hypothesis, a high concentration of carbohydrate in the phloem of carbohydrate synthesis regions (source) causes a water influx into the phloem. The generated osmotic potential in the phloem is responsible for long distance carbohydrate transport through the positive hydrostatic pressure. In regions of carbohydrate utilization and storage (sink), translocated carbohydrates are continuously metabolized and compartmentalized, generating a concentration gradient between source and sinks. In this system, carbohydrates load into the phloem (phloem loading) and unload out of the phloem (phloem unloading). Phloem-mobile herbicides that are applied to plants are also translocated from the source to sinks. However, some experimental results reveal that the patterns of phloem translocation between carbohydrates and herbicides are different. The differences are due, in part, to the physico-chemical properties of herbicides and to the absence/presence of specific carrier(s) in the phloem.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권1호
• /
• pp.58-68
• /
• 2021

Several herbs including Artemisia are known to possess conceptive property. In the present study, mouse spermatozoa were incubated with ethanol extract of Artemisia vulgaris leaves. The effect of extract on acrosome exocytosis was studied by labeling spermatozoa with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) peanut agglutinin and by staining with Coomassie blue. Viability and membrane integrity were studied by Trypan-blue staining and hypo-osmotic swelling test. Artemisia extract at very low concentration caused precocious acrosome reaction and loss of sperm viability. Acrosome reaction increased remarkably from 22.63% to 88.42% with increasing extract concentration from 0 to 2,000 ㎍/mL. However, the viability loss of spermatozoa was increased from 11.71% in control to 63.73% in samples treated, evaluated by Trypan-blue staining method. Membrane damage caused by the extract, evaluated by hypo-osmotic swelling test was even low, ranging from 2.27% to only 24.23%. These results indicate that Artemisia extract might block fertilization by causing precocious acrosome exocytosis in spermatozoa. A direct contraceptive effect was tested by injecting the plant extract into the vagina of female mice and then allowing them to mate with normal males. The treated female mice delivered significantly fewer litters in comparison to the control.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.311-312
• /
• 2023

In this study, porous concrete with improved functionality was developed by using superabsorbent polymer (SAP) to provide rooting space for plants. The depth of settlement and mass change according to the substitution and addition rate of SAP were determined by investigating the functional performance of SAP and the volume change upon saturation. Test results indicated the depth of penetration settlement increased as the substitution rate of SAP increased, but the mass change could not be confirmed as the addition rate of SAP increased. The instability of the specimens due to the excessive volume change of SAP, as well as the osmotic pressure phenomenon according to the pH concentration, were identified as the cause. Therefore, future studies are needed to investigate the appropriate substitution and addition rate of SAP, as well as to reduce the osmotic pressure phenomenon according to the pH concentration, which would contribute to the improvement of the functional performance of vegetation concrete.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.1095-1103
• /
• 1996

사과의 건조시 발생하게 되는 품질저하 현상을 개선하고자 sucrose를 삼투용매로 하여 침지온도와 농도 그리고 시간을 변수로 삼투건조하여 유리당, 유기산, ascorbic acid 함량변화에 대해 분석하였다. 유리당은 sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol 등이 분석되었으며 농도가 증가함에 따라, 침지시간이 길어질수록 총당량이 증가하였으며 온도보다는 농도의 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. sucrose함량이 가장 많이 증가하였으며, fructose는 거의 없었고 glucose는 약간 증가하는 경향으로 각각의 유리당의 함량은 온도, 농도, 침지시간이 증가할수록 양이 증가하였다. 유기산은 malic acid와 fumaric acid가 주로 분석되었으며, 그외 oxalic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, succinic acid가 소량 분석되었다. 낮은 온도에서의 처리가 높은 함량을 보였으며 농도가 증가할수록 유기산의 함량이 많았고 침지시간이 길어질수록 유기산 함량이 줄어 들었다. Ascorbic acid도 저온$(20^{\circ}C)$과 농도$(60^{\circ}brix)$에서의 처리가 손실이 적었으며 온도가 낮을수록, 농도가 높을수록 더 큰 값을 보였으며 시간의 변화에는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 품질변화 kinetics를 model화하기 위하여 반응속도론에 상사시켜 본 결과 유리당의 변화는 1차반응 속도식이, 유기산의 변화와 ascorbic acid의 변화는 2차반응 속도식이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 품질변화 속도상수에 대한 온도의 영향은 Arrhenius 식에 비교적 따른다고 볼 수 있다. 삼투건조 동안 유리당과 유기산, ascorbic acid 함량의 변화를 예측하고자 수립한 예측모델은 비교적 높은 $r^2$를 보여 각 조건에 따른 함량변화를 예측할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.310-313
• /
• 1997

볏짚을 논에 환원하면 잡초의 발생이 억제되는 경향이 있다. 이는 볏짚의 멀칭효과에 의한 차광, 수분증가 또는 용탈물 등의 영향일수도 있다. 따라서 본 시험은 실내에서 pH, 수분포텐셜, 볏짚분말의 혼합정도 등에 따라 보리와 독새풀의 발아와 생육에 미치는 영향을 구명하고, 포장에서 볏짚멀칭이 잡초발생에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. pH 4-10의 범위에서 보리와 독새풀의 생장과 발아는 영향을 받지 않았다. 2. 삼투압이 각각 -2.9bar, -0.6bar 이상에서 보리와 독새풀의 발아에 영향을 미쳤다. 3. 볏짚분말의 혼합농도가 4% 이상에서 보리의 지상부와 지하부의 무게는 감소하였고 지상부보다 지하부의 생장억제가 심하였다. 4. 볏짚멀칭에 의하여 광이 99.8% 차광되었고 독새풀의 발생본수와 건물중이 각각 87.1%, 86.2% 억제되었다.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.218-225
• /
• 2008

이 연구는 염분 변화가 둥근전복(Haliotis discus discus)의 유리아미노산(FAA)조성에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 염분 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 psu에 각각 24 h, 48 h, 120 h 노출 시킨 후 총 13가지 FAA의 함량 변화를 HPLC를 이용하여 분석하였다. 시료 중 15 psu에 노출된 전복 전량이 24 h 이내 폐 사하였고, 20 psu에 노출된 시료의 경우 전체 20개체 중 8개체가 48 h이내 사망하였다. FAA 중 Taurine, Glycine, Alaninr치 함량이 가장 높았으며, 이중 Taurin리 함량은 $114\;{\mu}mol/g$ dry tissue weight로써 전체 FAA의 77%를 점유하였다. 저염 및 고염 환경에 노출된 시료의 FAA함량은 분석 기간동안 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 그러나 Taurine의 농도는 노출 후 24 h이 경과하였을때까지 대조구 보다 낮았으나 노출 48 h 후부터는 저염 환경인 20 psu및 25 psu에서 증가하여 분석 종료 시점인 노출 120 h이 되었을 때까지 급격히 증가하였다. 반면 필수아미노산인 Methionine은 노출 48 h부터 20, 25, 40 psu에서 검출되지 않았고 노출 120 h 후에는 대조구를 제외한 전 실험 구에서 측정되지 않았다. Taurine 과 Glycine 비율(T:G ratio)은 저염환경에 노출된 시료에서 높게 나타났으며, 저염에 노출된 기간이 길어질수록 더욱 뚜렷한 경향이 관찰되었다. 이 같은 현상은 염분이 높은 환경에서도 나타났고 노출 시간이 지속 될수록 그 비율은 상승하였다. 이상의 결과는 FAA특히 Taurine, Glycine, Methionine 등이 둥근 전복의 삼투조절에 중요한 기능을 담당하는 것을 의미하며, FAA 분석은 염분 변화에 따른 둥근전복의 삼투조절 및 생리 특성을 이해하는데 유용한 방법임을 제시하였다.