• Title/Summary/Keyword: organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides

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An Evaluation of Liquid Chromatography/Mass Specrometry with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionizarion for the Rapid and Simultaneous Measurement of Carbamate Pesticides and Organophosphorus Pesticides

  • Kim, Byeong Ju;So, Hyeon Yeong
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.471-476
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    • 2000
  • Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface (LC/APCI/MS) is evaluated for the simultaneous determination of carbamate pesticides and organophosphorus pesticides in a single chromatographic analysis. APCI mass spectra of those compounds were obtrained to study their ionization characteristics. APCI provided abundant ions such as protonated molecules and characteristic fragment ions for carbamate pesticides and organophosphorus pesticides. To evaluate the feasibility of the LC/APCI/MS for a routine quantitative analysis, the linearity and repeatability of LC/APCI/MS were examined by measuring standard solution mixtures of five carbamate pesticides and four organophosphorus pesticides over the range of 1 to 100 ㎍/mL. Teh peak areas in chromatograms of characteristic ions for those compounds showed less than 3% of variation from run to run. The standard calibration curves for the nine pesticides show good linearity in the concentration range. The detection limits of the LC/APCI/MS system for those compounds range from 0.006 to 0.2 ng.

Development of an Inverted Y-Shaped Strip for the Detection of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Residual Pesticides (유기인계 및 카바메이트계 농약 신속 검출을 위한 역 Y자 스트립의 개발)

  • Lee, Jeong-Eun;Kim, Sol-A;Park, Hyun-Jin;Mun, Hyoyoung;Shim, Won-Bo
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2021
  • The inverted Y-shaped strip detection method based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was developed for the rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. The inactivation of AChE by organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides has been well known. The AChE catalyzes acetylthiocholine into thiocholine having (-) and (+) charges, and the (+) charge results in aggregation of gold nanoparticle (GNP). Malaoxon and carbofuran were used as standard organophosphorus and carbamate for the development of the inverted Y-shaped strip, respectively. In order to optimize the method, various angles of the Y-shaped strip, different types of nitrocellulose membrane, and concentration of AChE were tested as key parameters. The detection limit of the method was 10 ng/mL for both malaoxon and carbofuran pesticides. No cross-reaction was observed to other pesticides such as atrazine, cyanazine, simazine, bifenthrin, boscalid, metalaxyl, and chlorobenzilate. Recoveries from lettuce spiked when known concentrations of malaoxon and carbofuran were found ranging from 96.4 to 100.7% and 81 to 112.7%, respectively. This study suggests that the inverted Y-shaped strip method based on AChE may be a useful tool for the sensitive, specific, rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in agricultural products.

Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase Activity on the Organophosphorus and Carbamate Pesticides (유기인계 및 Carbamates 농약에 의한 Acetylcholinesterase 활성의 저해)

  • 김정호;김영호
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.52-56
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    • 1998
  • The effects of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides were examined inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase activity in the chicken brain with enzyme-inhibition methods. The acetylcholinesterase activity in chicken brain determined by the Ellman method was 167 mmol/min/g protein. The optimum pH of acetycholinesterase was 8.2. $pl_{50}$ of acetycholinesterase by some organophosphorus were 3.80M of phosphorodlthioate, 4.04M of phosphorothioate, 6.33M of phosphate, and 6.60M of phosphrothiolate. pluto of acetycholinesterase by some carbamates were 5.1 OM of XMC, 5. 90M of carbofuran, 6.16M of isoprocarb, 6.30M of carbaryl, 6.47M of BPMC, and 6.77M of propoxur. pluto of carbamates selected was similar to that of phosphorothioate and phosphate organophosphates.

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A Study on the Analysis of Pesticide Residue in Banana by GC/MSD (GC/MSD를 이용한 바나나 중에서의 잔류농약 분석법에 관한 연구)

  • 박성수;김동원
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.217-222
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    • 1996
  • We studied about analyzing carbamate pesticides, organochlorine, organophosphorus pesticides simultaneously using by GC/MSD. For this, instead of HPLC which is generally used in analyzing carbamate pesticides, GC was used and all hydrogen of -NH group in carbamate pesticides were substituted for trifluoroacetyl group which is stable at heat And eight pesticide resdidues were not detected in nine samples circulated in the city.

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Creating Highly Sensitive and Selective Biochip Sensors for the Detection of Organophosphorus/carbamate Pesticides (고감도 및 고선택성의 유기인계/카바메이트계 농약 검출용 바이오칩 센서)

  • Sim, Hyerim;Kim, Suhee;Lee, Jaeyoung;Lee, Hye Jin
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.571-580
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    • 2009
  • Biochip sensing technologies offering in-situ, fast and real-time measurements in addition to portability can be powerfully utilized in a wide spectrum of research areas including environmental science, food science, medical diagnostics and drug development. In this article, we introduce current research trends and economic aspects of the development of various optical biochip technologies for the analysis of organophosphorus/carbamate pesticides in environmental samples, which is of global importance with serious consequences for both current and future generations. In particular, we will highlight recent efforts made in the creation of highly sensitive and selective optical biochip sensors in conjunction with nanobiotechnologies and microfabrication for the rapid detection of organophosphorus/carbamate pesticides.

Detection for Multiresidue of the Organophosphorus and Carbamate Pesticides by Enzyme-Inhibition Method (효소 저해법을 이용한 유기인계 및 Carbamate계 농약의 다성분 잔류 검출)

  • 김정호
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.265-272
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    • 2002
  • This study was carried out with the detection for multiresidue of the organophosphorus pesticides such as malathion, parathion. diazinon, and carbamate pesticide such as carbaryl, by enzyme-inhibition method. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cholinesterase (ChE) activities in chicken brain determined by the Ellman's method were 166.6 and 5.8 $\mu$mol/min/g protein, and in chicken plasma were 23.1 and 8.3 $\mu$mol/min/g protein, respectively. The optimum pH of AChE and ChE was 8.2 and 7.8, respectively. The Km of AChE and ChE was 0.034 and 0.045 mM, respectively. I$\_$50/ for AChE and ChE by some organophosphorus was 55.82 and 99.42 mg/L of malathion, 31.16 and 29.13 mg/L of parathion, and 17.89 and 19.62 mg/L of diazinon, respectively. I$\_$50/ for AChE and ChE by carbaryl of carbamate was 0.10 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. The 0.07 mg/L of drinking water advisory level for carbaryl could be detected with I$\_$50/ of AChE and ChE. Enzyme-Inhibition (EI) method with AChE and ChE was used the multiresidue method to detect the 1 mg/L of the carbamate pesticides.

Development of a Colorimetric Rapid Detection Method for Organophosphorus and Carbamate Pesticides using Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation Principle (금 나노 입자 응집 원리를 이용한 유기인계와 카바메이트계 비색-신속 농약검출법 개발)

  • Kim, Hyo-In;Lee, Jeong-Eun;Kim, Sol-A;Moon, Hyo-Yeong;Cho, Sung-Rae;Shim, Won-Bo
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.269-276
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    • 2019
  • A colorimetric rapid detection method based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was developed for the analysis of organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) pesticides. The AChE catalyzes acetylthiocholine into thiocholine having (-) and (+) charges, and the (+) charge results in gold nanoparticle (GNP) aggregation. The in-activation of AChE by OP and CB has been well known. In order to optimize the colorimetric method, optimal dilution times of commercial serum containing AChE, diameter of GNP, and concentration of acetylthiocholine were tested as a key parameter. The colorimetric detection limits of the method were 7.5 ng/mL for both dimethyl amine and carbofuran pesticides in 60% ethanol. No cross-reaction to other chemicals, such as aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A, which can be contaminated with pesticides in agricultural products, was observed. Recoveries from lettuce, sesame leaf, and cabbage lettuce spiked with known concentrations of dimethyl amine and carbofuran were found to be ranged from 83.85 to 133.16%. These results indicated that the colorimetric rapid method based on AChE can be a useful tool for the sensitive, specific, rapid, and accurate detection of OP and CB pesticides in fresh vegetables.

A Study on the Multiresidue Analytical Methods for Organophosphorus, Organochlorine, and n-Methyl carbamate Pesticides in Food (식품 중의 유기인제, 유기염소계 및 카바메이트계 농약의 다성분 분석법 비교)

  • Chun, Ock-Kyoung;Lee, Kang-Moon
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.154-163
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    • 1999
  • A multiresidue method(MRM) for pesticides must be rapid and must test a wide variety of pesticides at relevant toxicological concentrations. In this study, three kinds of major analytical methods such as Korean Food Code Method, CDFA MRM, and Holstege's method are tested to compare the average recoveries, solvent consumption, and required time for the analysis of 18 organochlorines, 18 organophosphates, and 6 carbamates in spinach samples. Samples for pesticides analysis were extracted and cleaned up according to the respective methods and detected by gas chromatography with selective detectors, ECD and NPD, HPLC with postcolumn reaction system(PCRS). Average recovery of 42 pesticides by Korean Food Code method, CDFA method, and Holstege's method were 91.3%, 88.1%, 89.0%, respectively. Amount of solvent consumption and required time for the analysis of Korean Food Code method were from two and a half times to three times as much as those of another two methods. For the development and legal application of more rapid and effective MRMs, prolonged study is necessary.

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Mass-Production of Acetylcholinesterase Sensitive to Organophosphosphates and Carbamates Insecticides (유기인계 및 카바메이트계 농약의 고감수성 아세틸콜린에스테라이즈의 대량생산)

  • Kim, Young-Mee;K., Cho;Cho, Moon-Jae
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.353-360
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    • 2003
  • For the simple rapid bioassay of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide residues, a mass-production system of acetycholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7, MAChE) using baculovirus and insect cell culture was constructed. The cDNA for AChE was synthesized from Drosophila melanogaster in Halla Mountain, the lipid anchor tail was removed by PCR and was used for the site-directed mutagenesis of three amino acid residues (E107Y, F368L, L408F). The mutated cDNA was inserted into the baculovirus vector and expressed in insect cells. Maximum cell growth and enzyme activity were reached when the cells $(2{\times}10^6\;cell/ml)$ were infected four times at four-day-intervals. His-tag containing MAChE was purified using Ni-NTA column and used for characterization. The activity was maintained under various pHs (3-10) and temperatures $(20-50^{\circ}C)$ under experimental conditions. As an extraction solution for pesticides, methanol is more effective than ethanol. Against major organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, the MAChE showed better sensitivity than AChE and AChE from housefly (Taiwan).

Ion-Sensitive Field Effect Transistor-Based Multienzyme Sensor for Alternative Detection of Mercury ions, Cyanide, and Pesticide

  • Vyacheslav, Volotovskky;Kim, Nam-Soo
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.373-377
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    • 2003
  • Various groups of industrial and agricultural pollutants (heavy metal ions, cyanides, and pesticides) can be detected by enzymes. Since heavy metal ions inhibit urease, cyanides inhibit peroxidase, organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides inhibit butyrylcholinesterase, these enzymes were co-immobilized into a bovine serum albumin gel on the surface of an ion-sensitive field effect transistor to create a bioprobe that is sensitive to the compounds mentioned above. The sensitivity of the present sensor towards KCN corresponded to $1\;\mu\textrm{M}$ with 1 min of incubation time. The detection limits for Hg(II) ions and the pesticide carbofuran were 0.1 and $0.5\;\mu\textrm{M}$, respectively, when a 10 min sensor incubation time in contaminated samples was chosen. The total time for determining the concentrations of all species mentioned did not exceed 20 min.