• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.226-236
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• 2009

The performance of phytoremediation has proven effective in the removal of nutrients and metals from aqueous systems. However, little information is available regarding the behavior of pesticides and their removal pathways in aquatic environments involving plant-uptake. A detailed understanding of the kinetics of pesticide removal by plants and information on compound/plant partition coefficients can lead to an effective design of the phytoremediation process for anthropogenic pesticide reduction. It was determined that the reduction rates of four organophosphorus (OP) and two organochlorine (OC) pesticides (diazinon, fenitrothion, malathion, parathion, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene [HCB]) could be simulated by first-order reaction kinetics. The magnitude of k was dependent on the pesticide species and found within the range of 0.409 - 0.580 $d^{-1}$. Analytical results obtained by mass balances suggested that differential chemical stability, including diversity of molecular structure, half-lives, and water solubility, would greatly influence the removal mechanisms and pathways of OPs and OCs in a phytoreactor (PR). In the case of OP pesticides, plant accumulation was an important pathway for the removal of fenitrothion and parathion from water, while pesticide sorption in suspended matter (SM) was an important pathway for removal of dieldrin and HCB. The magnitude of the pesticide migration factor (${\Large M}_p^{pesticide}$) is a good indication of determining the tendency of pesticide movement from below- to above-ground biomass. The uncertainties related to the different phenomena involved in the laboratory phyto-experiment are also discussed.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1203-1210
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• 2010

To obtain the risk assessment of hazardous materials in ginseng, the residues of heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in samples on the Yeungju and Sangju are surveyed. Cd and Hg in ginseng on Yeungju and Sangju is not detected. 0.21 mg/kg of As, 0.39 mg/kg of Cr, 0.14 mg/kg of Pb, 1.83 mg/kg of Cu, 3.93 mg/kg of Zn and 0.43 mg/kg of Ni in ginseng on Sangju are shown. 0.25 mg/kg of Cr, 0.08 mg/kg of Pb, 1.11 mg/kg of Cu, 8.99 mg/kg of Zn and 1.15 mg/kg of Ni in ginseng on Yeungju are detected. As and Pb in ginseng on Sangju are 7.0% and 2.8% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA) advisory level, respectively. Pb in ginseng on Yeongju are 1.6% for Korea Food & Drug Administration(KFDA) advisory level. The heavy metals such as AS, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Hg, Ni in soil on Yeongju and Sangju are range of 0-20% for with Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) level. BHC isomer, DDT isomer and endosulfan isomer are not detected in ginseng and soil on Yeongju and Sangju, respectively. Finally, the assessment of hazardous materials of the heavy metals and organochlorine pesticides in ginseng on the Youngju and Sangju are verified the safety the level compare with tolerances level for Korea.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.425-433
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• 1987

모세관 컬럼을 사용한 기체크로마토그래피로 19종 유기염소제 농약의 분리를 검토하였고, 쌀에 첨가한 농약들의 회수율을 구하여 봄으로써 실제분석에 대한 본 방법의 응용 가능성을 조사하였다. SE-30과 OV-17모세관 컬럼의 분리를 비교하여 본 결과 OV-17 컬럼(25m ${\times}$ 0.20mm, 0.27${\mu}$m 두께)으로 분리가 잘되고 있으며, splitless방식으로 주입한 농약들의 머무른 시간과 봉우리 면적에 대한 상대표준 편차가 최대로 0.16%와 8.2%이었다. 쌀에 첨가된 농약의 회수율은 대부분 85%이상이었고 분석 결과에 대한 상대표준편차가 가장 큰 것이 11.4%로서 흔적량의 잔류농약분석에서 비교적 정밀도가 좋음을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.207-212
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• 1986

명란젓, 대구아가미젓, 바지락젓, 새우젓, 창란젓, 꼴뚜기젓, 게젓, 멸치젓, 오징어젓, 조개젓에 대한 중금속(重金屬) 및 유기인계 잔유농약(殘留農藥)에 대한 분석(分析)결과는 다음과 같다. 수은함량은 $0.11{\sim}0.46ppm$이었고, 납의 함량(含量)은 $ND{\sim}1.3ppm$, 카드륨 함량은 $0.01{\sim}0.34ppm$이며 구리함량은 $0.4{\sim}5.98ppm$, 아연함량은 $0.16{\sim}4.5ppm$, 망간함량은 $0.02{\sim}0.49ppm$으로 상당히 낮으며 비소함량은 검출되지 않는 젓갈이 많았다. 유기감소(有機監素) 잔유농약의 함량(含量)은 Total BHC는 멸치젓이 $0.3{\sim}1.825ppb$였고 게젓, 멸치젓에서는 PP'-DDE, Dieldrin, PP'-DDD, PP'-DDT가 다소 검출되었으나 나머지 젓갈에서는 검출되지 않았다. 우리나라 허용기준과 비교해 볼때 젓갈 중의 중금속 및 잔유농약은 식품위생상 안전하다고 볼 수 있다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 들깨 시설재배지 토양 및 작물 중 잔류성유기염소계 농약의 잔류량을 조사하였다. 토양 및 작물 중 잔류성유기염소계 농약 분석을 위한 추출 및 정제는 QuEChERS 방법을 다소 개선한 방법으로 수행되었다. 들깨 시설재배지 토양 및 농산물 중 잔류성유기염소계 농약의 회수율은 각각 76.3-113.4 및 79.4-107.3%, 정량한계는 각각 0.03-0.24와 $0.33-0.50{\mu}g/kg$ 수준이었다. 들깨 시설재배지 토양에서 dieldirn 및 endosulfan sulfate 2 성분만이 각각 1.6-9.2 및 $22.0-87.8{\mu}g/kg$ 수준으로 검출되었으나 들깻잎의 모든 시료에서는 검출되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 들깨 시설재배지 토양이 농산물 안전성을 위협할 정도로 잔류성유기염소계 농약으로 오염되지 않았음을 나타냈다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Residual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are designated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by Stockholm Convention because they bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effect to human health and the environment. Apple and pear is economic crop in agriculture, and its cultivation area and yield has been increased. Therefore, we tried to investigate the OCPs residue in apple and pear orchard soils and fruits. METHODS AND RESULTS: Extraction and clean-up method were developed using the modified QuEChERS method for residual organochlorine pesticides (ROCPs) in apple and pear orchard soil and fruits. Recovery and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of ROCPs in soil and fruits were 75.4-101.4 and 76.9-93.4%, 0.03-0.21 and $0.6-1.2{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. Detected ROCPs in apple and pear orchard soil was 2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDD, 4,4-DDE, 4,4-DDT, and endosulfan sulfate, the residues were 2.2, 1.9-48.0, 1.3-84.1, 90.6-863.1, and $11.3-239.0{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. But five pesticides in all fruit samples were not detected. CONCLUSION: These results showed that ROCPs residues in apple and pear orchard soil had no effect on safety of agricultural products.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.469-490
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• 2003

Atmospheric concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were measured at Gosan, Jeju in November 2001 and spring 2002, each time for two weeks. Primary target pollutants were organochlorine pesticides, coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co- PCBs), and dioxin/furans listed in the Stockholm Convention adopted in May 2001. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also measured in order to understand the overall characteristics of the POPs distribution as well as PM$_{2.5}$, a potent carrier of POPs. In the latter part of the measurement period of November 2001, almost every pollutant of combustion origin including dioxin/furans went high probably due to influence of emissions in the nearby area. The characteristics of atmospheric environment at Gosan in this period were rather close to urban areas far from those of a background area. A severe dust storm swept for three days at the end of the measurement period of spring 2002. However, changes in pollutant concentrations were relatively small except PM$_{10}$. Nevertheless, increases in particulate PAHs and OCDD (octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins), mostly present in fine particles, were observed. Trends in organochlorine pesticide variations were mixed although possible volatilization of DDT residues from soil was inferred from the measurements of spring 2002.2.2.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2008

This study was performed to find the atmospheric concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at four different heights (l0, 50, 150 and 1,500 cm) using low volume polyurethane foam (PUF) plug air sampler in semi-rural area. ${\alpha}-/{\beta}-/{\gamma}-HCH$ with low molecular weights and Koa (octanol-air partitioning coefficient) in OCPs were similarly high concentrations at all heights, but the other OCPs (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, Heptachlor epoxide, ${\gamma}$-CHL, ${\alpha}$-CHL, Trans-nonachlor) with high molecular weights and Koa decreased with increasing heights. However, the concentrations of PCBs increased with increasing height.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.475-485
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• 2002

An analytical method was investigated for the meaiiurement of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) concentrations in air samples. Procedures required for column chromatographic clean up. silicagel (stage I) and gel permeation chromatography (stage II), were discussed. Identification and quantification of PCBs and OCPs were performed using a combination of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/ selected ion monitoring. Recovery tests calculated from six samples are 68∼137% for PCBs and 58∼130% for OCPs except for endrin aldehyde. Instrumental detection limits determined for the PCBs and OCPs varied from 0.05 to 0.18 pg/m3 and from 0.71 to 16.82 pg/㎥, respectively. The method has been applied to the analysis of air samples collected at Ansung city, Kyonggi province, Korea. This method may serve as a screening protocol for the simultaneous determination of PCBs and OCPs in air.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2001년도 추계심포지움 및 학술발표회:환경오염의 생체지표를 이용한 위해성 평가의 최근 기법
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• pp.95-95
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• 2001