• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.513-528
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of locally produced organic agricultural by-products to substitute imported organic feeds for organic ruminant farming. Imported organic feeds (corn grain, soybean meal, soybean seed, oat grain, barley grain, wheat grain, buckwheat, sunflower seed meal) and byproducts (rice bran, grape seed meal, rice straw, soybean hull, soybean curd, rice hull, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain) were analyzed for chemical composition and NDF, ADF, mineral, and amino acid contents and anti-nutritional factors. Dry matter, NDF and ADF contents in organic feeds were higher than those in conventional feeds. Especially, the 9.65% fat content of organic soybean meal was 6 times higher than the 1.95% fat content of conventional soybean meal. Fat contents of rice bran, grape seed meal, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain were 25.66, 6.09, 3.57 and 1.59%, respectively. Protein contents of soybean hull and soybean curd were 14.68 and 19.87%, respectively, which are highest among organic by-products. Levels of aflatoxin in all feeds were below the safety level. Therefore, organic rice bran, green kernel rice and crushed rice as energy source, and soybean hull and soybean curd as protein source could partial replace imported feeds for organic ruminant farming.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.257-269
• /
• 2010

본 실험은 질소안정동위원소존재비($\delta^{15}N$)를 이용하여 유기벼와 일반벼의 판별 가능성을 탐색하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시료는 전국에 걸처 유기벼 17점, 그리고 유기벼 재배 인근지역에서 일반벼 13점을 수집하여 2008년 11월부터 2010년 1월까지 설문 및 분석 작업을 수행하였다. 벼는 벼와 현미, 백미, 왕겨로 도정한 다음 이들의 질소 및 질소안정동위원소 자연존재비($\delta^{15}N$)를 분석하였다. 이 성분이 두 그룹의 간의 판별에 이용될 수 있을지를 검증하기 위하여 판별분석을 적용, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유기벼 농가가 사용한 질소원은 퇴비, 쌀겨, 균배양체, 버섯배지, 유박이었고 사용량은 농가에 따라 큰 차이가 있었고, 볏짚은 모두 논에 환원하였다. 그러나 일반벼 농가는 복합비료를 쓰고 볏짚은 회수하여 판매한 경우가 많았다. 2. 유기벼의 벼와 현미, 백미, 왕겨의 중질소자연존재비의 차이가 가장 컸으나 통계적 유의성은 없었고 지역간의 차이도 유의성이 없었다. 일반벼에서도 유기벼와 같은 경향이었다. 3. 유기벼와 일반벼의 질소안정동위원소존재비는 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.01) 이러한 차이는 유기 및 비유기 왕겨에서도 나타났다(p<0.05). $\delta^{15}N$값은 유기벼 및 비유기벼 판별의 지표로 유용한 것으로 사료된다. 4. 판별분석 SPSS와 Logistic을 적용하였을 때 현미와 백미를 제외하고 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다. 판별에는 왕겨가 가장 유용하였고, 미지시료의 83.3%가 바르게 분류될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. SPSS방법은 벼와 왕겨, Logistic 방법은 네 가지 구성성분 모두 유의하게 나타났으나 그 중 검정값이 가장 높게 나타난 것은 왕겨로 83.3%가 바르게 분류될 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제19권spc호
• /
• pp.74-77
• /
• 2011

The production practices, productivity and economic performance of organic and non-chemical rice farming were compared in Jeonnam Province, Korea. Korean organic rice farming showed a lack of use of resistant varieties and rotational cropping systems as well as less use of farm wastes and a high dependency upon external inputs. When compared with no-chemical rice production practices very little differences were found. However, organic rice farming showed 15% to 18% higher profits than no-chemical farming even though the productivity was arguably similar between the two farming types. This may encourage more farmers to convert to organic production rather than non-chemical farming as the farming practices are very similar, thereby resulting in increased supply of organic products and decreased prices for organic rice near future. There is a need to more greatly differentiate organic farming practices and products from those of no-chemical farming.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제19권spc호
• /
• pp.135-138
• /
• 2011

In traditional organic rice culture practices, control of weeds is a big problem. This study was conducted to increase the rice production. Results showed that Plant height, SPAD, root length and weight were higher in pot raised seedling than broadcasting method except number of panicles. High plant density caused reduction in plant height, number of culm and chlorophyll content of the rice. No lodging was observed in both methods. Thickness of third internode and culm length was more in pot raised seedlings at both sites. When organic material was used rice yield increased by 3.81%. Higher rice production (10%) was recorded in the fields planted with pot raised seedlings. From the above study it could be conclude that the pot raised seedlings perform better than the seedlings raised by broadcasting methods.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제58권4호
• /
• pp.355-361
• /
• 2015

The rice protein profiles of Oryza sativa L (Koshihikari) grown under organic and conventional cultivation regimes were compared on 2-D gels to develop diagnostic marker proteins for organic rice. The selected proteins, differentially expressed between organic and conventional rice, were compared with the differentially expressed proteins of another organic and conventional rice pairing, produced at a different location. In the first comparison among conventional, no-chemical, and organic rice grown in the same region, Korea, 13 proteins exhibiting differential expression in organic and conventionally grown plants were selected. Eight of the 13 proteins were down-regulated, and the 5 remaining proteins were up-regulated from conventional to organic rice. The second comparison pairing from Kyungju, revealed 12 differentially expressed proteins, with 8 down-regulated and 4 up-regulated proteins. Ten of the differentially expressed proteins that overlapped between the two comparison sets could not be clustered into any functional group using a functional annotation clustering tool. Further comparisons using another set of conventional and organic rice, belonging to a different variety of Oryza sativa L and produced in Sanchung, revealed 8 differentially expressed proteins, 5 of which were down-regulated and 3 of which were upregulated in the organic rice. Overall, 3 differentially expressed proteins were commonly found in all three organic rice crops. These 3 proteins, along with other overlapping differentially expressed proteins, can provide a good starting point for the development of signature proteins that can be used for the authentication of organic rice with a follow-up studies with more comparison sets.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.1-19
• /
• 2010

This paper evaluates potential environmental impacts and external costs on rice production of Korea. The investigation is based on LCA in agricultural area which estimates inputs and outputs of rice production system in quantitative way. The results show that environmental impacts on organic rice(4.49E-08 DALY/kg) is level on 4.5% out of conventional rice(9.97E-07 DALY/kg). The external costs of organic and conventional rice are 4.04won/kg and 89.52won/kg respectively. The balance of both organic and conventional rice which is 85.48won/kg represents monetary value on improvement of environmental effects as producing organic rice.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.175-194
• /
• 1979

The soil organic matter contents in arable land are generally low in Korea. Thus it is generally agreed that the application of organic materials to soils would be much beneficial. Present paper is a review on the effectiveness of organic mat ter application in uplands and lowlands. 1. The effect of organic matter application in uplands are of more clear and simple to explain as compared to that in lowlands. In uplands, appropriate application of organic matters such as compost and various crops residues improves the physical properties of soils leasing to increased water holding capacity, better aeration, and decrease in soil erosion. 2. In lowland, rice soils under water logged conditions the effect of organic matter application on rice yield is not straight borward and demands more refined knowledges for the interpretation of it. 3. It is found that the application of compost in rice soils is more effective when nitrogen fertilizer application is limited it dicating that nitrogen contained in the organic maerials can become available to rice plant and plays an important role for increased yield of rice under the condition where nitrogen fertilizer supply is limited. 4. Application of organic matter does not always bring about the desirable effects. Very often the organic matter application results in more intensive soil reduction leading to the accumulation of harmful substances which would can cancel out the positive effects of organic matter. This is partiunlarly true in poorly drained soils. 5. Rice straw or compost, when applied rice soils, supply sizeable amounts of available silicate to rice plant resulting in yield increase. 6. Although the effectiveness of organic matter application on rice yield in short term experiments is not consistent due to many reasons, the long term effect of organic matter is significant. 7. The term of the $O.M/SiO_2$ ratio in rice soils can serve as a criterion for the judgement of whether organic matter or silicate fertilizer is needed to be applied in a certain soil.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.805-819
• /
• 2017

The study was carried out to develop a mathematical model for evaluating the effect of organic fertilizers in organic rice production systems. A function to simulate the nitrogen mineralization process in the paddy soil has been developed and integrated into ORYZA2000 crop growth model. Inorganic nitrogen in the soil was estimated by single exponential models, given temperature and C:N ratio of organic amendments. Data collected from the two-year field experiment were used to evaluate the performance of the model. The revised version of ORYZA2000 provided reasonable estimates of key variables for nitrogen dynamics and crop growth in the organic rice production systems. Coefficient of determination between the measured value and simulated value were 0.6613, 0.8938, and 0.8092, respectively for soil inorganic nitrogen, total dry matter production, and rice yield. This means that the model could be used to quantify nitrogen supplying capacity of organic fertilizers relative to chemical fertilizer. Nitrogen dynamics and rice growth simulated by the model would be useful information to make decision for organic fertilization in organic rice production systems.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제1권
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 1992

The definitions of organic farming method has rather philosophical meaning than application of agricultural practices. The meaning of organic farming method has certainly basic differences in comparison with the conventional farming methods. The main definitions of organec farming method have certainly to reduce or not to apply any kinds of farm inputs materials by increasing quality of agricultural prod-ucts. However, the quality of produced food by organic farming method should be improved in compari-son with cinvethional farming method. By applying organic method, the qualith of food, envir-onment as well as spiritual attitude of human being should be improved in future. Actually, there are very wide fields of research on organic farming methods such as production tech-niques, soil and water conservation, plant and animal production, marketing and consumers behavior on organic products. In this article the present situation of organic farming methods in the United States of Americal is investigated in cimparison with conventional rice production. The production cost of rice per acre in the United States of America mde 58, 788 Won in 1986, while it was 121, 699 Won in Korea having about 107 percent higher in Korea than tham the U.S.A There is a larger rice farm cost analysis between conventional and organic rice farm in California. The cash cost pre 1 lbs of conventional rice made 4.86 $, while the organic rice was 6.96$ showing about 43.2%higher level of cost in organic products(1 lbs=0.45359kg) At present, there is less econmic advantage of organic rice production in California because of lower yields as well as price levels, Therefore, the total net return over cash cost peracer/yeat was a little lower in organic rice production than conventional rice prouction.

• 한국유기농업학회지
• /
• 제19권spc호
• /
• pp.119-122
• /
• 2011

Among the developed bio-degradable polymer films as compared with transparent film(White), black polymer film was significantly more effective for controlling weeds in red pepper. Also, we found that white and black polymer mulching had 81.8% and 97.9% of managing weed controlling effects in rice, respectively. Compared to non-mulched rice paddy with water supply, the non-mulched rice paddy without any water supply has stopped its growth at 41 days after transplanting, while polymer-mulched rice paddy without water supply had about 60% of normally growing rice plants. This shows the polymer treatment has a remarkable effect on water and power saving, solution of herbicidal resistance, avoidance of herbicidal influence to eco-system etc. When the naturally decomposing polymer was used, a temperature was elevated as high as $4.7^{\circ}C$ on maximum and $2.6^{\circ}C$ on average. Also the naturally decomposing polymer accelerated rooting by 7 days and lowered a stress level from transplanting. The weed control effect mulched by polymer was remarkable as 98.7%. The polymer now, after 294 days treated on the rice paddy, has been completely decomposed.