• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.39-43
• /
• 1996

In order to cultivate the soybean sprout fortified with organogermanium, we observed growth characteristics and germanium content of soybean sprout watered with the aqueous organogermanium, Ge-132[bis(2-Carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide)]. Soybean sprout did not show difference in growth when treated with different times and frequencies of organogermanium or different types of germanium. Growth of Orialtae soybean sprout was smaller in diameter of hypocotyledonary axis and longer in total length than that of Danyeob soybean sprout. Three hour's soaking was better in growth than half an boar's treatment. Germanium absorbed by soybean sprout was greater in content in Danyeob soybean sprout than in Orialtae soybean sprout and highest at 20 ppm in water. Prolonged period and increased frequency in treatments with organic germanium resulted in increase of germanium uptake. Germanium content in soybean sprout was greater with treatment of organic germanium than with inorganic germanium.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.48 no.4
• /
• pp.382-387
• /
• 2005

The aim of this study was to identify binding properties of germanium (Ge) in Germanium-fortified Yeast using optimum manufacturing process. The ratio of yeast cell and germanium solution was 1 : 0.5 (50%), and pH 6.5, $35^{\circ}C$ and 20 h during fermentation, and Germanium-fortified Yeast produced. In results of the XRD, NMR and FT-IR analysis, it was different adding inorganic Ge $(GeO_2)$ during fermentation process from transformed into germanium in Germanium-fortified Yeast. And germanium concentration was not shown any difference before and after in the dialysis test with SGF (simulated gastric fluids). Therefore, Germanium-fortified Yeast of Geranti made by using biosynthetic technology was considered that transformed into organic properties during fermentation process. And, this result showed that Germanium-fortified Yeast was not dissociated under SGF (simulated gastric fluids) condition because of its structural binding safety. Thus, Germanium-fortified Yeast was transformed into organic germanium during biosynthetic cultivation. It is expected that this Germanium-fortified Yeast can be applied as a new dietary functional materials for cellular immunity, recovery of injured cells and immune system, and possible anticancer activities by activation immune cells like macrophage.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 1995

This study was carried out to examine the germanium contents of Angelica keiskei Koidz. and A. acutiloba Kitagawa and to intend to increase its contents while those leaf explants were culturing on MS medium supplemented with organic and inorganic germanium. Ge content of Agelica keiskei Koidz. was 2.1 times higher than that of A. acutiloba Kitagawa. Digestion was done quickly at high temperature, but Ge content was decreased. Callus formation of A. acutiloba Kitagawa was better than that of A. keiskei Koidz. Callus formation of both plants was good in order of pH 5.7, pH 5.4, and pH 6.0. But shoots from callus were formed frequently in A. keiskei Koidz., especially at pH 5.7. Callus formation of both plants was good up to 5 ppm of inorganic ($germanium(GeO_2),$ retarded at 10 ppm, and rarely formed at 100 ppm, but was good up to 10ppm of organic germanium retarded at 50 ppm and formed some-what even at 100 ppm.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.160-165
• /
• 2006

Germanium is found in a range of minerals and ores and is present in foods including beans, tomato juice, oysters, tuna and garlic. Germanium is a non-metallic element, which can exist in valence states of 2 and 4. Clinical trials and use in private practices for more than a decade have demonstrated organic germanium's efficacy in treating serious disease including cancer, arthritis and senile osteoporosis. But it was rarely reported that inorganic germanium has biological properties. STB-BM contains mineral complex, rare earth elements and a little amount of Inorganic germanium. The experiment was carried out the anti-obesity effect. To investigate anti-obesity effect of STB-BM, we measured the effect of body weight, fat weight (subcutaneous fat, epididymal fat, visceral fat, kidney fat and total fat) and serum biochemical level in rats fed high fat diets. STB-BM 35 mg/kg suppressed the increasing ratio of body weight, epididymal fat weight, visceral fat weight, total fat weight, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol (p<0.05).

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.89-102
• /
• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was evaluated hypoglycemic effect of culture broth of germanium-fortified Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and yeast. Methods : We examined $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, blood glucose level, concentration of serum lipid, and serum metabolic variables of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and yeast fortified Germanium. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rat. Results : In the $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, germanium-fortified yeast was significantly higher than germanium-fortified Tricholoma matsutake mycelium. The hypoglycemic effects of germaniumfortified Tricholoma matsutake mycelium was higher than germanium-fortified yeast. The activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALP), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) was significantly lower in the germanium-fortified Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and yeast than in diabetic control(DC) group and diabetic positive control(PC) group. The concentration of total cholesterol and triglyceride of germanium-fortified yeast was significantly lower than germanium-fortified Tricholoma matsutake mycelium, DC group and PC group. Conclusions : The results suggest that germanium-fortified Tricholoma matsutake mycelium and yeast have improvement effects in blood glucose, serum lipid and liver function.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.371-374
• /
• 1995

An organic germanium compound, Ge-132, was reported to have interferon inducer activity, anti-tumor activity and anti-viral activity. ICP, AA and colorimetry methods were used for the determination of germanium in Ge-132. However these methods have a problem that they only give an information on the total amount of germanium element, and consequently Ge-132 connot be distinguished form toxic inorganic Ge compounds. To overcome this problem, ion chromatography was used to analyze Ge-132. Ge-132 was separated on Ionpac AS4A column with 1.3mM $Na_2B_4O_7$ buffer(pH=9.2) solution as an eluent and detected by the conductivity detector. Correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.999 and the detection limit measured at S/N ratio of 3 was 50pmol. This method was applicable to the analysis of Ge-132 raw material and Ge-132 preparations.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.84-90
• /
• 2005

Neutrophils that influx into the alveolar spaces from circulatory bloods play a important role in pathogenesis of acute lung injury. During the acute inflammatory phase, in order to investigate the acceleration of macrophage phagocytosis to the neutrophils is able to reduce the neutrophil-derived acute lung injury, endotoxemia was induced by insufflation of lipopolysaccharide intratracheally and organic germanium was injected intraperitoneally after endotoxin treatment. At 5 h after endotoxin treatment, lung weight and BAL protein concentration are significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to sham, and that was remarkedly decreased (p<0.001, p<0.01) by injection of germanium. In addition germanium treatment resulted to decreased the number of alveolar PMNs and to increase the percentage of engulfed neutrophils by alveolar macrophages. These observations indicate that organic germanium may have a role of reduction to neutrophil-derived acute lung injury in endotoxemia.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 1999

The uptake of germanium(Ge) by health foodstuffs was interesting because of a therapeutic effect of organic germanium. Germanium contents in different plant parts of the cultivated Korean Angelica keiskej Koidz in several growing districts were determined by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Experimental conditions in germanium determination from Angelica kejskej Koidz were as follows : deposition time; 20 sec, deposition potential; -0.9 volts vs Ag/AgCl, and frequency; 100 Hz in 0.1M\;HClO_4, supporting electrolyte solution at pH 2.43 containing $1.5\;{\times}\;10^5\;M$ pyrocatechol violet. Calibration curve showed a good lineality in the range of 0.4 ppb to 2.0 ppm and the detection limit was 0.08 ppb. There was a large difference in content according to growing districts ranging from 102 to 386ppm. Germanium content in leaf parts was much higher than that in stems.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 1991

This study was initiated to investigate the effects of organic germanium on cadmium and mercury intoxication. The effect was determined by the metallothionein induction in liver and kidney. Male rats (Sprague-Dawley) were treated with CdCI$_{2}$ (2mg/kg), HgCI$_{2}$ (1 mg/kg) and organic germanium (GE-132) (100 mg/kg) in single and in combination via intraperitoneal injection or intragastric administration every other days for 17 days. Experimental animals were sacrificed after 7, 12 and 17 days treatment. The serum transaminase activities (SGOT, SGPT), concentration of metal and metallothionein, metal-binding capacity of metallothionein in liver and kidney were determined and pathomorphological observations were undertaken. The combined treatment of GE-132 and CdCI$_{2}$ significantly decreased the increment of serum transaminase activities in rats treated with CdCI$_{2}$ only, but the combined treatment of GE-132 and HgCI$_{2}$ did not affect to activities of transaminases induced by mercury only. The concentration of metals (Cd and Hg) except Ge in the liver and kidney of rats increased with the time of treatment. Mercury concentration in kidney of rat treated with HgCI$_{2}$ only was significantly higher than the combined treatment of GE-132 and HgCI$_{2}$. The combined treatment of GE-132 and CdCI$_{2}$ significantly increased the concentration of metallothionein in liver compared to the CdCI$_{2}$ only, although the concentration of cadmium in liver were not significantly different between two groups. This indicates that GE-132 decreased toxicity of cadmium in liver by promoting metallothionein induction. There were no significant differences in metallothionein concentration in liver and kidney of rats between the combined treatment of GE-132 and HgCI$_{2}$ and HgCI$_{2}$ only. Metal-binding capacity of metallothionein varied with each time intervals in liver and kidney of metals treated rats except the liver of the combined treatment of GE-132 and CdCI$_{2}$. This finding explains the concentration of metallothionein in liver keeps abreast with the concention of metal. Furthermore, the combined treatment of GE-132and CdCl$_{2}$ revealed pathologically less changes in liver tissue than CdCl$_{2}$ only; the damages of liver cell, such as lobular necrosis and portal inflammation, were relieved and appeared more later. From the above results, organic germanium is considered to have some beneficial effect on the protection of liver from the cadmium intoxication.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.96-103
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to develop selenium (Se)- and germanium (Ge)-enriched rice by foliar spray application of organic or inorganic Se and Ge. METHODS AND RESULTS: The time and frequency of organic or inorganic Se and Ge treatment were performed at the five main growth stages as followings: effective tillering stage (E), maximum tillering stage (M), booting stage (B), heading stage (H), grain filling stage (G). The main treatment plots were consisted of (1) 'once' treatment (at each E, M, B, H, G stage, Se/Ge single apply), (2) 'twice I' (at H + G stages, organic or inorganic Se/Ge apply), (3) 'twice II' (at H + G stages, mixture apply of Se + Ge + pesticide). The organic or inorganic Se treatment concentration was 20 and 40 ppm, and the Ge was 50 and 100 ppm. The Se and Ge contents in rice grain (brown rice and polished rice) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The highest Se content was noted in brown rice 'twice I' with Se 40 ppm (1394.06) at H + G stages, but the lowest was in 'once' with Se 40 ppm ($367.79{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) at B stage. The highest of Se content in polished rice was found in 'twice I' of Se 40 ppm (1090.25) at H + G stages, but the lowest was in 'once' with Se 40 ppm ($403.53{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) at E stage. On the other hand, The highest of Ge content in brown rice was found in 'twice I' with Ge 100 ppm (398.66) at H + G stages, but the lowest was in 'once' with Ge 100 ppm ($139.64{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) at B stage. The highest of Ge content in polished rice was found in 'twice I' of Ge 100 ppm (300.29) at H + G stages, but the lowest was in 'once' with Ge 100 ppm ($142.24{\mu}g{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) at B stage. CONCLUSION: Se and Ge contents both in brown rice and polished rice treated with organic Se and Ge forms were higher than those of inorganic Se and Ge. Overall results concluded that the supplementation of organic Se and Ge contents in brown and polished rice contents were comparatively higher than the inorganic Se and Ge. This is results also proved that the foliar spray application of organic Se and Ge has positive nutritive effect on the rice for regular consumption.