• 미생물학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.111-114
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• 2004

단삼(Salvia miltiorrhiza) 추출물의 치주질환유발 세균에 대한 생육저지 활성 및 collagenase저해 활성을 측정하였다. 단삼 에탄올 추출물은 치주질환유발 세균에 대해 우수한 생육저지 활성을 나타내었다. 유기용매 분획물중, hexane에서 생육억제능이 가장 우수하였다. 치주질환유발 세균 C. curvus, C. rectus, E. corrodens, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia 및 W. succinogenes에 대한 단삼 추출물의 최소생육저해농도(MIC)는 200,50,50,250,150,250및 200 ${\mu}g$/ml로 각각 우수한 생육억제능을 나타내었다. 단삼 유기용매 분획물의 collagenase저해 활성은 동일 농도의 minocycline에 비해 우수한 저해 활성을 나타내었으며, chloroform분획물의 경우 88.2%의 저해 활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.412-424
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• 2021

Understanding the distribution of heavy metals in sediment is necessary because labile heavy metals can partition into the water column and bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms. Here we investigated six heavy metals (Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in sediment cores using a five-step sequential leaching method to examine the occurrence of heavy metals in the sediment. The results showed that all elements, except Mn, are depleted in the exchangeable and carbonate fractions. However, heavy metal concentrations are much higher in the Fe-Mn oxide and organic matter fractions, especially for Cu, indicating enrichment in the organic matter fraction. Furthermore, contamination parameters (contamination factor and geoaccumulation index) indicate that Mn contamination is high, primarily derived from anthropogenic sources, presenting a potential risk to ecosystems in the Nakdong River.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.604-608
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• 2014

천연유기물질(NOM)과 모노클로라민이 반응할 때 NOM내 용존유기질소(DON)가 유기성 클로라민의 생성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 실험에 사용된 16가지 NOM의 용존유기탄소(DOC)에 대한 DON의 비(DOC/DON)는 7~47 mg-C/mg-N이었다. NOM 용액의 모노클로라민 반응시 유기성 클로라민 생성 농도는 24시간 후에 최대치(평균값 $0.16mg-Cl_2/mg-N$)로 염소반응에 비하여 유기성 클로라민의 생성량은 적었으나, 분해되어 감소되는 속도는 낮아 반응 120시간 후에 최대치 대비 평균 56% 감소되었다. NOM내 DON의 함유비가 높은 경우(DOC/DON 비가 낮은 경우)에 유기성 클로라민의 생성량이 상대적으로 높게 나타났으나, 소수성, 친수성, 중간성, 콜로이드성 등 NOM의 특성에 따른 유기성 클로라민 생성량의 차이는 크지 않았다. 모노클로라민의 주입량을 증가시킬수록 유기성 클로라민 생성량이 선형적으로 증가하였고($R^2=0.91$), 주입된 모노클로라민 중 6%가 유기성 클로라민으로 전환되어 모노클로라민 소독시 유기성 클로라민 형성에 의한 소독능 저하는 크게 우려할 바는 아닐 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제14권E호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1998

The solubility characteristics of organic compounds were studied in terms of the extraction efficiency as a function of the polarity of the organic solvent, and the acidity of water in urban aerosol samples collected in University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, England. The extraction efficiency of organic compounds were evaluated with respect to the organic carbon, -nitrogen and -hydrogen by means of a wide range of solvent which include polar and nonpolar organic solvents as well as acids and alkaline water. In addition, after being dissolved in aqueous solution, the aqueous chemistry of organic compounds were studied in terms of the organic metal complexes in aerosol, which were studied with oxalic acid, copper, and zinc. The results of this study indicate that solubility characteristics of organic compounds depend on the polarity of the solvents and the acidity of the solvents. In particular, some organic compounds are water soluble, even though they are much smaller than acetone soluble fractions. In the comparison between polar organic solvent extraction and non- polar organic solvent extraction, it can be thought that significant fraction of organic compounds analysed in the aerosol samples, are polar organic compounds because of the higher extraction efficiencies of organic compounds in polar organic solvent extraction than in nonpolar organic solvent extraction. Regarding the study of the oxalic -metal complexes, it can be thought that most oxalic acids are present in the form of oxalic -copper complexes in the aerosols collected at UEA.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.754-758
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• 2004

To test the cytoprotective effect of sophorae radix (SR) against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced cytotoxicity, we investigated the cell viability using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in the presence of methylene chloride, n-butanol, ethyl acetate and water soluble fraction of SR water extracts in H9c2 cells. These results were obtained as followed; H₂O₂ decreased the cell viability of H9c2 cells in a dose dependent manner. Cells pretreated with SR water extracts were protected the H₂O₂-induced decrease of viability in H9c2 cells. Among organic solvents fractions of SR water extracts, ethyl acetate soluble fractions of SR protected the decrease of viability induced by H₂O₂ in H9c2 cells. These results suggest that ethyl acetate soluble fractions of SR water extracts is effective in the prevention of H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.16.1-16.7
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• 2018

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are linked with several complications such as metastasis of cancer progression, oxidative stress, and hepatic fibrosis. Brown seaweeds are being extensively studied for their bioactive molecule content against cancer progression. In this context, Sargassum horneri was reported to possess various bioactivities including antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory partly due to its phenolic compound content. Methods: In this study, potential of S. horneri was evaluated through anti-MMP effect in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. S. horneri crude extract was fractionated with organic solvents, namely, water ($H_2O$), n-buthanol (n-BuOH), 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq. MeOH), and n-hexane. The non-toxicity of fraction samples (Sargassum horneri solvent-partitioned extracts (SHEs)) was confirmed by cell-viability assay. SHEs were tested for their ability to inhibit MMP enzymatic activity through gelatin digestion evaluation and cell migration assay. Expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs) were evaluated by reverse transcription and Western blotting. Results: All fractions inhibited the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 according to gelatin zymography. Except $H_2O$ fraction, fractions hindered the cell migration significantly. All tested fractions suppressed both mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. Conclusion: Overall, current results suggested that S. horneri has potential to be a good source for anti-MMP agents, and further investigations are underway for better understanding of the action mechanism and isolation and elucidation of the bioactive molecules.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2013

This study was carried out to understand the long-term effects of organic waste treatments on the fate of heavy metals in soils originated from the organic wastes and consequent uptake of heavy metals by plant, together with examination of changes in soil properties and plant growth performance. In this study, the soils treated with three different organic wastes (municipal sewage sludge, alcohol fermentation processing sludge, pig manure compost) at three different rates (12.5, 25.0, 50.0 ton $ha^{-1}yr^{-1}$) for 7 years (1994 - 2000) were used. To see the long-term effect, plant growth study and soil examination were conducted twice in 2000 and 2010, respectively. There was no additional treatments of organic wastes for 10 years after the organic waste treatment for 7 years. Compared to plant growth examination conducted in 2000 using radish (Raphanus sativus cv. sodamaltari), it appeared that height, root length and diameter, fresh weight of radish grown in 2010 decreased in the plots treated with municipal sewage sludge and alcohol fermentation processing sludge and that the extent of decrease was higher with increase of sludge application rates. On the other hand, pig compost treatment increased plant height, root length and diameter, fresh weight with increasing application rates. Cu and Pb concentrations in radish root and leaves increased in 2010 compared to those in 2000 while Ni concentrations in root and leaves decreased. Zn concentration was increased only in the soils treated with pig manure compost. Multiple regression analysis among heavy metal species fractions in soils, soil pH, and metal concentrations in radish root and leaves indicated that the metal uptake by radish was governed mainly by the soil pH and subsequent increase of available heavy metal fractions in soils with organic waste treatments.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2002

Sediment from six piston cores from the East Sea (Sea of Japan) was analyzed for evidence of paleoceanographic changes and paleoclimatic variation. A distinct geochemical boundary is evident in major element concentrations and organic carbon content of most cores near the 10-ka horizon. This distinctive basal Holocene change is interpreted to be largely the result of changing sediment sources, an interpretation supported by TiO_2/Al_2O_3$ ratios. Organic carbon and carbonate contents also differ significantly between the Holocene and glacial intervals. The C/N ratio of organic matter is greater than 10 during the glacial period, but is less than 10 for the Holocene, suggesting that the influx of terrigenous organic matter was more volumetrically important than marine organic matter during glacial times. The chemical index of weathering (CIW) is higher for the Holocene than the glacial interval, and changes markedly at the basal Holocene geochemical boundary. Silt fractions are higher in the glacial interval, suggesting a strong effect of climate on silt particle transportation: terrigenous aluminosilicates and continental organic carbon transport were higher during glacial times than during the Holocene. Differences in sediment composition between the Holocene and glacial period are interpreted to have been climatically induced.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.769-775
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 두 가지 기원의 표준 휴믹물질 혼합 시료와 Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA)을 사용하여 광분해로 인한 용존 유기물질의 스펙트럼 특성 변화와 이에 따른 소독 부산물 생성능의 변화를 조사하였다. 혼합시료의 염소소독부산물 발생잠재력(DBPFP)은 specific UV absorbance (SUVA) 값에 비례하여 증가하였다. 7일간 광분해 후 혼합시료의 SUVA 값은 모두 감소하였다. 그러나 동일 시료에서 DBPFP 값은 SUVA 감소폭보다 적었다. 비록 두 변수 사이에 직선성은 유지되었으나 같은 SUVA 범위 내에서의 DBPFP 값은 오히려 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이 결과는 광분해로 인해 염소소독부산물 전구체 역할을 하는 비방향족 물질이 생성될 수 있음을 시사하였다. SRFA 시료에 대해 4일과 13일 광분해하여 각각 저분자와 고분자 부분에서의 DBPFP 값을 비교한 결과 광분해 후 유기탄소 당 염소소독부산물 발생량 변화양상은 염소소독부산물 종류에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 유기탄소 당 trihalomethenes (THMs) 발생은 광분해 후 고분자 부분에서 더 높았으나 haloacetic acids(HAAs)의 경우 고분자와 저분자 부분 사이의 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 광분해 시간에 따른 유기탄소 당 DBPFP 값 변화 패턴도 용존 유기물 분자량에 따라 다르게 나타났다. THMs의 경우 고분자 부분에서는 광분해 시간에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 저분자에서는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 반면 HAAs은 고분자에서 지속적인 감소 경향을, 저분자 부분에서는 증가 후 다시 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구결과 수중 유기물질은 전반적으로 광분해에 따라 소독부산물 생성능이 초기에 오히려 증가할 수 있으며 광분해 시간이 충분히 지속된 후에야 감소함을 보여주었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.500-505
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 막의 재질에 따른 막오염 특성과 물리 화학적 세척에 대한 영향을 살펴보았다. 막의 재질에 대한 막오염 특성을 조사하기 위하여 정적흡착실험과 일정 압력하에서 흡착실험을 병행하여 실험을 수행하였다. UF 막의 재질특성에 따른 정적흡착 실험값을 회귀분석한 결과, 소수성과 친수성 유기물질의 시간에 따른 흡착 특성은 소수성 재질의 막이 친수성 재질의 막보다 빠른 흡착특성을 보였다. 막의 재질에 따른 유기물 성상별 흡착실험 결과, 막의 재질에 상관없이 소수성 유기물질의 흡착율이 친수성 유기물질보다 더 빠른 흡착율을 보였다. 또한 막의 표면과 공극속에서 발생하는 유기물의 흡착 특성을 살펴보기 위하여 일정한 압력하에서 시간에 따른 흡착 특성을 살펴본 결과 정적흡착실험 결과와 유사하게 친수성 재질의 막보다 소수성 재질의 막에서 더 빠른 흡착율을 보이고 있다. 막에 재질에 따른 흡착실험 후 투과 flux 변화와 flux 회복율에 대한 실험결과, 친수성 재질의 막의 경우 소수성 재질의 막에 비하여 투과 flux 감소율은 낮게 나타났으며 물리 화학적 세척의 영향에서도 물리적인 세척후 효과적인 회복율을 나타내었으며 화학적인 세척의 영향은 거의 없었다. 친수성 재질의 막의 경우 막자체의 고유저항(Rm)이 크게 나타나고 있으며 소수성 재질의 막의 경우 케이크에 의한 저항과 물리 화학적 세척에도 회복되지 않는 비가역적 저항이 크게 나타나고 있다. 따라서 친수성 재질의 막의 경우 막표면 오염이 주가 되며 소수성 재질의 막의 경우 막표면 오염과 공극 오염이 동시에 발생함을 알 수 있었다.