• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 1994

In order to develop a $^{18}F$-labelled myocardial perfusion agent(flow tracer) for PET, $^{18}F$-labelled organic ammonium cations were synthesized and evaluated in relation to their biodistribution. Five quaternary organic ammonium compounds were labelled with $^{18}F$ in a side chain with moderate to good yields by direct introduction of $^{18}F$-fluoride. Radiochemical yields have been achieved in 30-40min by the precursors (tosylates) in dimethylsulfoxide 15-60% (decay corrected). The reaction was found to be autocatalyzed. A remote controlled procedure was developed in these synthesis. $^{18}F$-Labelling and HPLC-purification of com-pounds needed about 60 min(Yield; 7-20%). Up to now the two compounds N-4-[$^{18}F$]fluorobutyl-pyridinium cation(1) and N, N dibenzyl-4(2-[$^{18}F$]fluoroethyl)piperidinium cation(2) were investigated in relation to their biodistribution in mice. Compound 1 showed at 1 min post injection the high uptake of 19.22% ID/g organ in the myocardium but a following fast decline to 1.12% ID/g organ after 40min. Uptake of compound 2 was after 1min in the heart 5.90% ID/g organ but after 40min at the relative high value of 4.33% ID/g organ. Heart:blood ratio for compound(1) at 1 min was 8.3, at 40 min 2.6 for compound II 2.0(1min) and 15.0(40 min). As data of compound 2 showed greater heart uptake, slower myocardial release, and higher heart: blood ratios, compound 2 is a good candidate for further evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.508-516
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• 2019

Objectives: The present study was performed to obtain acute toxicity information on glyoxal in male rats after intratracheal instillation. Methods: In order to calculate the LD₅₀ of glyoxal using Probit analysis with SAS, the test article was one intratracheal instillation to male Sprague-Dawley rats at dose levels of 0, 225, 451 or 902 mg/kg. During the test period, mortality, clinical signs, and body and organ weights were examined. At the end of the 14-day observation period, all animals were sacrificed and complete gross postmortem and histopathological examinations were performed. Results: Four animals of the 902 mg/kg group died within one week after the administration of glyoxal. All treatment group in a dose dependent manner, decreased body weight was found during the study period. The absolute and relative lung weight, and histopathological changes (bronchiolar-alveolar hyperplasia, chronic inflammation) of lung exhibited an increased in glyoxal treated groups in a dose dependent manner. However, there were no changes on the organ weights and histopathological changes of any other organ except lung. Conclusions: The results obtained in the present study suggest that the LD₅₀ in male Sprague-Dawley rats after a single intratracheal instillation of glyoxal was considered to be 866.9 mg/kg and the lung was found to be the target organ for glyoxal.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1989

The change in bodyweight, organ weight and the amount of water intake were investigated to assess the effect on a range of toxicological parameters of varying dosages of polyacetylene compounds. Concerning inhibition of solid tumor growth induced by Sarcoma-180 cells in the ICR mouse strain, relytionships between the dosage of polyacetylene compoilnds used and several toxicological parameters were observed. When 40μmoles/kg b.w. of panaxydol tvas administered for 3 consecutive days, the suppression of body weight growth in Wistar rats was about 17% that of the control group, however, the body weight gain was normalized 4 days after stopping arlnlinistration of the polyacetylene compounds. When the dosage of polyacetylenes was reduced to 20μmoles/kg b.w., the change in body weight gain was alleviated to within l0% of the control and the suppremission of the body weight gain increased in order for Panaxydol, Panaxynol, and Panaxytriol. The organ weight did not show any significant change between the control and the polyacetylene administered groups. Electron micrographs of the liver tissues of ICR mice injected with 40Umoles/kg b.w. of panaxydol gave no further significant information about toxicological changes. Keywords Polyacrtylenes, toxicological parameters, body weight, panaxydol, organ weight, electron micrographs .

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.93-112
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to review the clinical research trends of postpartum pelvic organ prolapse and to recognize the efficacy of Korean medicine intervention. Methods: Based on seven domestic and foreign databases, including Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Journal of Korean Obstetric and Gynecology, Cochrane Library Central, Pubmed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WangFang Med Online, we analyzed the clinical trials using Korean medicine intervention, which included acupuncture and herbal medicine. Data retrieval was carried out on May 18 to 20, 2020, and a total of 13 papers were included. Results: All papers were published in China and it contains nine randomized controlled trials, three clinical trials, and one case. The most frequently used intervention was herbal medicine, and Bupleuri Radix, Cimicifugae Rhizoma were used. The treatment group treated by Korean medicine intervention was more effective than the control group. Also, there were no significant side effects of Korean medicine. Conclusion: This study shows that Korean medicine can be effective and safe medical alternatives or options for pelvic organ prolapse patients. However, to laying the foundation of clinical guidelines and applying it to the real-world clinical scene, further follow-up research is needed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2011

Objectives : The Primo system is a hypothesis on the new circulation system. It orginates from Bonghan theory. Bonghan theory is about the anatomical substance of acupuncture point and meridian system. It has been regarded as a misunderstanding of the lymphatic system or as a made-up story for the past 40 years. Since 2002, many studies have been published either to support the theory or to refute the old viewpoint. But there are still difficulties about the proper sampling. The purpose of this study is to find out the discriminative criteria of Organ Surface Primo sytem by reviewing the Kim Bonghan's publications. Methods : Abstract of description about the Organ Surface Primo system in 5 publications of Kim Bonghan are weighted by the reverse order of publication. Results and Conclusions : 6 characters of anatomical structure and 11 characters of histological structure are founded as repeated descriptions. We hope that this summarized characteristics would be a good guide to Primo system experiments.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.358-367
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• 2008

The embryonic germ cell (EGCs) of mice is a kind of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated from pre- and post-migratory primordial germ cells (PGCs). Most previous studies on DNA methylation of EGCs were restricted to 12.5 days post coitum (dpc). This study was designed to establish and characterize murine EGC lines from migrated PGCs as late as 13.5 dpc and to estimate the degrees of methylation of their imprinted genes as well as of the non-imprinted locus, Oct4, using an accurate and quantitative method of measurement. We established five independent EGC lines from post migratory PGCs of 11.5-13.5 dpc from C57BL/6 ${\times}$ DBA/2 F1 hybrid mouse fetuses. All the EGCs exhibited the typical features of pluripotent cells including hypomethylation of the Oct4 regulatory region. We examined the methylation status of three imprinted genes; Igf2, Igf2r and H19 in the five EGC lines using bisulfite genomic sequencing analysis. Igf2r was almost unmethylated in all the EGC lines irrespective of the their sex and stage of isolation; Igf2 and H19 were more methylated than Igf2r, especially in male EGCs. Moreover, EGCs derived at 13.5 dpc exhibited higher levels of DNA methylation than those from earlier stages. These results suggest that in vitro derived EGCs acquire different epigenotypes from their parental in vivo migratory PGCs, and that sex-specific de novo methylation occurs in the Igf2 and H19 genes of EGCs.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2012

Amount of radiation exposure by seeing through fluoroscopy examination while is many patient exposure administration and unprepared misgovernment be. In this study, abdominal fluoroscopy during the scan, the dose and image quality change according to the use of grid and added filter optimized by measuring the test condition is proposed. Uses seeing through fluoroscopy examination equipment of Image Intensifier of Easy Diagnost Eleva (Philips), under tube type and uses Human phantom and measures average area dose according to grid insertion existence and nonexistence and added filter kind change. Measure sum of 29 organ dose and effective dose through PCXMC imagination simulation program and image J program through noise, SNR, image distortion was measured. Resolution, sharpness, and analyzed using the MTF curves. Fluorography the grid to insert the filter thickness and thickening and increased the average area dose and organ doses and effective dose. In the case of spot examination, when inserted grid, average area dose and organ dose and effective dose increased. Filter thickens the average area dose decreased, but the organ doses and effective dose were increased when use 0.2mmCu+1mmAl filter, decreased slightly. Noise and SNR measurements without inserting the gird, if you do not use the added filter was the lowest and when measure the distortion, 0.1mmCu+1mmAl filter was no difference of image quality in case insert grid was judged that when did not use occasion added filter that do not use grid, difference of image quality does not exist. Did not show a big difference, according to the grid and uses of the added filter sharpness, and resolution. Patient dose increases with factors that reduce the quality of the image so reckless grid and the use of the added filter when abdominal fluoroscopy examination should be cautious in using.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.641-645
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• 2001

To utilize the by-products from whelk processing, whelk internal organ jeotgal was manufactured by adding pineapple and kiwifruit juices containing bromelain and actinidin, respectively. The protease activities of pineapple and kiwifruit juices were 52 and 248 unit/mL, respectively. 1 kg ground whelk internal organ was immersed to 12.5% salt concentration and then the 20, 50, or 100 mL of fruit juice were added in it. the quality of products fermented for up to 70 day at 1$0^{\circ}C$ was observed. Jeotgal wit pineapple juice showed lower pH and higher amino nitrogen content than with kiwifruit juice on 70 day of fermentation. the total nitrogen contents was the highest on 30 day of fermentation and stable thereafter. Although total numbers of microorganism were increased as fermentation progressed, there were no correlations among the juices or its adding amounts. It was thought that interactions between kinds of natural microflora and the proteases from fruit juices, and other constituents in jeotgal affected total nitrogen content of jeotgal and the growth rate of natural microorganisms. Of the all jeotgals in this study, no coliform was found It is suggested that the preparation of jeotgal with pineapple or kiwifruit juice is effective aspect of safety and quality.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

This study was performed to evaluate developmental and estrogenic activity of bisphenol A (BPA) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) to the second generation of Sprague-Dawley rats ingested during gestational or lactational periods. Rats were given BPA 20$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg BBP 100mg/kg of pregnancy or lactation periods. Maternal body weight and neonatal body weight were recorded. The rats were sacrificed on day 21 after birth. Reproductive organs of dam and neonate were utilized for receptor binding assay. The plasma concentrations of BPA and MBep, one of the major metabolites of BBP were analyzed with HPLC. The co-administration of BPA and BBP induced slow weight gain compared with single administration in dams. Also, such mixture induced low neonatal body weights in next generation. The dams treated with BPA and BBP during lactational periods showed significant organ weight changes in liver and spleen. The dams exposed during lactational periods showed significant organ weight changes not only in liver and spleen but also in kidney, uterus and ovary. The F1 female rats exposed during lactation periods showed significant organ weight changes in liver, spleen, ovary. The F1 male rats showed significant organ weight changes in liver, kidney, epididymis, vesicular glands, prostate. However, no clear synergistic effects of BPA and BBP were noted. There was no significantly different ER$\alpha$ expression pattern between control and treated groups. However, ER$\alpha$ expression were increased in F1 male testis and female uterus. PI male showed distinct ER$\alpha$ expression, especially in the group of lactational combined exposure. Synergistic ER$\alpha$ expression was found by combined treatment of BPA and BBP. We could not find any evidences of synergistic effects on BPA and/or BBP combined administration on dams and their fetuses, except in ER$\alpha$ expression of F1 male.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.177-189
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• 2010

Traumatic injury is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. This is a clinical review of pediatric blunt abdominal trauma. A retrospective analysis of the 112 children with blunt abdominal trauma aged 15 years or less treated at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital was performed. The analysis included age, sex, injury mechanism, number and site of the injured organ, management and outcomes. The average age of occurrence was 7.6 years, and the peak age was between 6 and 8 years. There was a male preponderance with a male to female ratio of 2.3:1. The most common cause of blunt abdominal trauma was traffic accidents (61.6 %), principally involving pedestrians (79.7 %). The accident prone times were between 8:00 AM and 8:00 PM, the weekends (40.2 %), and the winter respectively. Thirthy-five patients (31.2 %) had multiple intra-abdominal organ injuries and the most common injured organ was the liver. Seventy-four cases (66.1 %) were managed non-operatively and eleven cases (9.8 %) expired. Of the patients who were treated surgically or were to be operated on one patient died before surgery, the remainder died during or after surgery. Risk factors such as number of injured organ, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and trauma scores by Glasgow coma scale (GCS), Pediatric trauma score (PTS), revised trauma score (RTS), injury severe score (ISS), TRISS were significantly correlated with mortality rate.