• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.51-59
• /
• 2010

The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) is widely used to determine the dependency of activity of daily living in rehabilitation patients. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the unidimentionality of the FIM physical items and to analyze the validity of cross-functional levels in stroke survivors in Korea. Thirteen physical items of FIM were rated according to an ordinal scale of a 7-level classification. Two hundred and seventy-nine patients participated in the study (age range 18~92 years and 57% male). Six items-eating, bladder control, bowel control, transfer to and from the bed/wheelchair, transfer to and from the toilet, and bathing-showed misfits with the Rasch model. The most difficult item was 'bathing', the easiest item was 'bowel control'. Although there were several differences within functional levels, the hierarchical order of item measures was rather similar. 'Bathing' was the most difficult in high level patients (above 60), however 'stairs' was most difficult in the middle level (41~60) group. In the low level group (below 40), 'toileting' was the most difficult. In conclusion, the present study has shown several differences of item difficulty among functional levels. This result will be useful in planning interventions, and developing rehabilitation programs for stroke survivors.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제49권2호
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2019

Background: Quality ratings could provide vital information to help people in choosing a nursing home. Purpose: This study investigated factors aligned with quality ratings of nursing homes. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional descriptive design to assess publicly available data on 1,354 nursing homes with 30 or more beds in the Republic of Korea. After excluding 289 nursing homes with no reported quality-evaluation ratings, we analyzed the 2015 data of 1,065 nursing homes. To prevent multicollinearity among independent variables, we carefully selected the final set of variables based on clinical and theoretical meaningfulness to direct nursing care. Quality, the ordinal outcome, was scored from 1 to 5 with a higher score indicating higher quality of the organization. We constructed a multivariate ordered logistic regression model. Results: Higher quality ratings of nursing homes was significantly related to the number of unoccupied beds (OR=0.99, p=.024), registered nurses (RNs) (OR=1.30, p=.003), qualified care workers (OR=1.03, p=.011), cognitive-improvement programs (OR=1.05, p=.024), and other programs for residents' activities (OR=1.09, p<.001). Conclusion: The number of RNs had the strongest influence on the publicly reported quality rating, while the rating of qualified care workers demonstrated little effect and that of nursing assistants had no effect. The number of RNs could be used as a crucial indicator for high-quality homes; more resident-engaging programs also demonstrated better quality of nursing home care.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보처리학회 2022년도 추계학술발표대회
• /
• pp.55-56
• /
• 2022

Hypertension is a severe health problem and increases the risk of other health issues, such as heart disease, heart attack, and stroke. In this research, we propose a machine learning-based prediction method for the risk of chronic hypertension. The proposed method consists of four main modules. In the first module, the linear interpolation method fills missing values of the integration of gas and meteorological datasets. In the second module, the OrdinalEncoder-based normalization is followed by the Decision tree algorithm to select important features. The prediction analysis module builds three models based on k-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Tree, and Random Forest to predict hypertension levels. Finally, the features used in the prediction model are explained by the DeepSHAP approach. The proposed method is evaluated by integrating the Korean meteorological agency dataset, natural gas leakage dataset, and Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset. The experimental results showed important global features for the hypertension of the entire population and local components for particular patients. Based on the local explanation results for a randomly selected 65-year-old male, the effect of hypertension increased from 0.694 to 1.249 when age increased by 0.37 and gas loss increased by 0.17. Therefore, it is concluded that gas loss is the cause of high blood pressure.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.131-142
• /
• 2009

High-rise and high-density apartment complexes have been built and supplied on a large scale in the 1st period of the New Town project in metropolitan areas since the late 1980s. Now It has become necessary to improve those apartment complexes, which have serious deterioration problems for aging more than about 20 years accompanying simultaneity and a large scale. The purpose of this research is to develop the evaluating indicators to measure the level of deterioration of apartments inclusively and practically in order to regenerate apartments as sustainable residential environments. This study is composed of the following four parts; (a) establishing the conceptual model of evaluation of apartment deterioration, (b) selecting evaluation items, (c) constituting evaluation measurement, and（ｄ)weighting evaluation indicators. First, deterioration of apartments was conceptualized by physical. social, and economical aspects in terms of sustainable development and proposed the conceptual model of hierarchy structure of evaluation of apartment deterioration by literature reviews. Second, evaluating items were selected based on literature reviews of existing indicators and preceding studies about apartments of Korea and foreign countries. The evaluating indicators were identified as a total of 77 evaluating items which were composed of three dimensions and 9 attributes on the basis of the conceptual model. They cover comprehensive scope of the apartment such as unit, building, complex, and site. Third, as the measurement, the 5 point ordinal scale measure was suggested. The evaluating measurement including measure standards, measure methods, and measure contents were developed by each evaluating items. Lastly, the weighting of evaluating indicators was analyzed by AHP method conducted by survey on the expert group. Items were identified as high contributors or low contributors. The weighting of these items could suggest several evaluations according to the situation. The evaluation of the level of deterioration can be done by both total evaluation and a specific field of evaluation. In addition, it is easy to grasp deteriorated attributes or dimensions by providing a radar and bar chart showing evaluation results. These evaluating indicators could be a useful tool to grasp actual methods for the regeneration of apartments.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.60-76
• /
• 2024

Broadband Internet has proven to be vital for economic growth in developed countries. Developing countries have implemented several initiatives to increase their broadband access. However, its full potential can only be realized through adoption and use. With lower-middle-income countries accounting for the majority of the world's unconnected population, this study employs the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to investigate users' intentions to adopt broadband. Rural Tanzania was chosen as a case study. A cross-sectional study was conducted over three weeks, using 155 people from seven villages with the lowest broadband adoption rates. Non-probability voluntary response sampling was used to recruit the participants. Using the TPB constructs: attitude toward behavior (ATB), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC), ordinal regression analysis was employed to predict intention. Descriptive statistical analysis yielded mean scores (standard deviation) as 3.59 (0.46) for ATB, 3.34 (0.40) for SN, 3.75 (0.29) for PBC, and 4.12 (0.66) for intention. The model adequately described the data based on a comparison of the model with predictors and the null model, which revealed a substantial improvement in fit (p<0.05). Moreover, the predictors accounted for 50.3% of the variation in the intention to use broadband Internet, demonstrating the predictive power of the TPB constructs. Furthermore, the TPB constructs were all significant positive predictors of intention: ATB (β=1.938, p<0.05), SN (β=2.144, p<0.05), and PBC (β=1.437, p=0.013). The findings of this study provide insight into how behavioral factors influence the likelihood of individuals adopting broadband Internet and could guide interventions through policies meant to promote broadband adoption.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.83-90
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to model the avoidable burden of the risk factors of road traffic crashes in Iran and to prioritize interventions to reduce that burden. Methods: The prevalence and the effect size of the risk factors were obtained from data documented by the traffic police of Iran in 2013. The effect size was estimated using an ordinal regression model. The potential impact fraction index was applied to calculate the avoidable burden in order to prioritize interventions. This index was calculated for theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios. The joint effects of the risk factors were then estimated for all the scenarios. Results: The highest avoidable burdens in the theoretical, plausible, and feasible minimum risk level scenarios for the non-use of child restraints on urban roads were 52.25, 28.63, and 46.67, respectively. In contrast, the value of this index for speeding was 76.24, 37.00, and 62.23, respectively, for rural roads. Conclusions: On the basis of the different scenarios considered in this research, we suggest focusing on future interventions to decrease the prevalence of speeding, the non-use of child restraints, the use of cell phones while driving, and helmet disuse, and the laws related to these items should be considered seriously.

• 지역연구
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.3-16
• /
• 2020

도시 내 공간적 불평등은 꾸준한 관심을 받고 있는 연구주제다. 그러나 공간적 불평등이 주민에게 미치는 세부적인 영향과 공간적 불평등이 지속되고 재생산되는 방식에 대한 실증연구는 제한적이다. 본 연구는 공간적 수준에서의 박탈을 나타내는 개념인 지역박탈이 주민의 계층상승 가능성에 대한 인식에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 하였다. 2015년 서울서베이 자료를 순서형 로지스틱 다층모형을 활용하여 분석한 결과, 지역박탈 수준이 높은 지역에 거주하는 주민일수록 자신의 계층상승 가능성을 부정적으로 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 지역박탈이 주민의 계층상승에 대한 믿음을 저해함으로써 삶의 만족도와 기회 실현을 저해하는 것은 물론 지역 격차가 지속되는 데에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다. 이와 같은 분석결과는 공간적 불평등을 해소하기 위한 도시정책에 함의를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.131-142
• /
• 2001

Previous OD matrix estimation methods from link traffic counts have focused on the formulation of mathematical model and its solution algorithm. Thereby those methods have assumed that true or real OD is similar to the target OD and paid little attention to the properties of the change of OD structure. Although it is general situation that each OD pair increases or decreases due to significant land use and to large time variation between target OD with real OD, those methods have set unrealistic assumptions that target OD increases or decreases uniformly and that the OD structure does not change. Therefore those methods have showed poor performance of OD estimation in general situation. To cope with the problem. this paper suggests a new concept of OD matrix structure and shows the shortcomings of previous method′s dependancy on target OD matrix. We divide "OD trips" into "OD scale" and "OD structure". Where OD scale is a quantitative magnitude of OD trips and "OD structure" is ordinal OD scale. This paper use the same solution algorithm developed by Baek et al. (2000) for analysing the OD structure. Results of numerical examples show that the performance of the method is better than that of previous methods, while the previous methods have better performance in estimation only when OD trips increase or decrease. In addition to, if OD structure does not change, the results show that the error of estimation is low relatively regardless of the large difference of trips between target OD and real OD. This paper also shows that the model performance on OD structure and on OD trips is low as the number of origins that OD structure is changed increase. From the results we suggest that the change of OD structure can be more important information than the difference between target OD and real OD in OD estimation steps.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 2023

This study investigated the predictability of cooking loss of pork loin through relatively easy and quick measurable quality properties. The pH, color, moisture, protein content, and cooking loss of 100 pork loins were measured. The explanatory variables included in all linear regression models with an adjust-r² value of ≥0.5 were pH and the protein content. In the linear regression model predicting cooking loss, the highest adjust-r² value was 0.7, with pH, CIE L^*, CIE b^*, moisture, and protein content as the explanatory variables. In 30 pork loins, electrical conductivity was additionally measured, and as a result of linear regression analysis for predicting cooking loss, the highest adjust-r² value was 0.646 with electrical conductivity measured at 40 Hz, with pH and color as the explanatory variables. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the three grades (low, middle, and high) of loin cooking loss using pH, color, and 40 Hz electrical conductivity as the explanatory variables, and the percent concordance was 93.8%. In conclusion, the addition of electrical conductivity as an explanatory variable did not increase the prediction accuracy of the linear regression model for predicting cooking loss; however, it was demonstrated that it is possible to predict and classify the cooking loss grade of pork loin through quality properties that can be measured quickly and easily.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제44권1호
• /
• pp.2-8
• /
• 2011

Objectives: Public release of and feedback (here after public release) on institutional (clinics and hospitals) cesarean section rates has had the effect of reducing cesarean section rates. However, compared to the isolated intervention, there was scant evidence of the effect of repeated public releases (RPR) on cesarean section rates. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of RPR for reducing cesarean section rates. Methods: From January 2003 to July 2007, the nationwide monthly institutional cesarean section rates data (1 951 303 deliveries at 1194 institutions) were analyzed. We used autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time-series intervention models to assess the effect of the RPR on cesarean section rates and ordinal logistic regression model to determine the characteristics of the change in cesarean section rates. Results: Among four RPR, we found that only the first one (August 29, 2005) decreased the cesarean section rate (by 0.81 percent) and continued to have an impact period through the last observation in May 2007. Baseline cesarean section rates (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 3.1 to 7.1) and annual number of deliveries (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.6 to 4.7) of institutions in the upper third of each category at before first intervention had a significant contribution to the decrease of cesarean section rates. Conclusions: We could not found the evidence that RPR has had the significant effect of reducing cesarean section rates. Institutions with upper baseline cesarean section rates and annual number of deliveries were more responsive to RPR.