• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.601-616
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• 2004

Information retrieval systems for structured documents provide multiple levels of retrieval capability by supporting structure-based queries. In order to process structure-based queries for structured documents, information for structural nesting relationship between elements and for element sequence must be maintained. This paper presents four index structures that can process various query types about structures such as structural relationships between elements or element occurrence order. The proposed algorithms are based on the concept of Global Document Instance Tree.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.645-662
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• 2009

Adaptive wings are capable of properly modifying their shape depending on the current aerodynamic conditions, in order to improve the overall performance of a flying vehicle. In this paper is presented the concept design of a small-scale compliant wing rib whose outline may be distorted in order to switch from an aerodynamic profile to another. The distortion loads are induced by shape memory alloy actuators placed within the frame of a wing section whose elastic response is predicted by the matrix method with beam formulation. Genetic optimization is used to find a wing rib structure (corresponding to the first airfoil) able to properly deforms itself when loaded by the SMA-induced forces, becoming as close as possible to the desired target shape (second airfoil). An experimental validation of the design procedure is also carried out with reference to a simplified structure layout.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.585-610
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• 2018

In this study, vibration analysis of a concrete foundation-reinforced by $SiO_2$ nanoparticles resting on soil bed is investigated. The soil medium is simulated with spring constants. Furthermore, the Mori-Tanaka low is used for obtaining the material properties of nano-composite structure and considering agglomeration effects. Using third order shear deformation theory or Reddy theory, the total potential energy of system is calculated and by means of the Hamilton's principle, the coupled motion equations are obtained. Also, based an analytical method, the frequency of system is calculated. The effects of volume percent and agglomeration of $SiO_2$ nanoparticles, soil medium and geometrical parameters of structure are shown on the frequency of system. Results show that with increasing the volume percent of $SiO_2$ nanoparticles, the frequency of structure is increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.1108-1118
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• 2009

A Very High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (VHTR) has been selected as a high energy heat source of the order of $950^{\circ}C$ for nuclear hydrogen generation, which can produce hydrogen from water or natural gas. A primary hot gas duct (HGD) as a coaxial double-tube type cross vessel is a key component connecting a reactor pressure vessel and an intermediate heat exchanger in the VHTR. In this study, a structural sizing methodology for the primary HGD of the VHTR is suggested in order to modulate a flow-induced vibration (FIV). And as an example, a structural sizing of the horizontal HGD with a coaxial double-tube structure was carried out using the suggested method. These activities include a decision of the geometric dimensions, a selection of the material, and an evaluation of the strength of the coaxial double-tube type cross vessel components. Also in order to compare the FIV characteristics of the proposed design cases, a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis was carried out using the ADINA code.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.11 no.1 s.20
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

In this paper, a design of an integral augmented nonlinear optimal variable structure system(INOVSS) is presented for the prescribed output control of uncertain MIMO systems under persistent disturbances. This algorithm basically concerns removing the problems of the reaching phase and combining with the nonlinear optimal control theory. By means of an integral nonlinear sliding surface, the reaching phase is completely removed. The ideal sliding dynamics of the integral nonlinear sliding surface is obtained in the form of the nonlinear state equation and is designed by using the nonlinear optimal control theory, which means the design of the integral nonlinear sliding surface and equivalent control input. The homogeneous $2{\upsilon}(\kappa)$ form is defined in order to easily select the $2{\upsilon}$ or even $(\kappa)-form$ higher order nonlinear terms in the suggested sliding surface. The corresponding nonlinear control input is designed in order to generate the sliding mode on the predetermined transformed new surface by means of diagonalization method. As a result, the whole sliding output from a given initial state to origin is completely guaranteed against persistent disturbances. The prediction/predetermination of output is enable. Moreover, the better performance by the nonlinear sliding surface than that of the linear sliding surface can be obtained. Through an illustrative example, the usefulness of the algorithm is shown.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2008

The abundance and community structure of epilithic diatoms grown on different substrata were investigated in two first-order streams located in a limestone and granite area, north of the Suzuka Mountains in Central Japan. Experiments were conducted as follows: limestone and granite without algae were submerged in their own streambed or another stream station and incubated for seven weeks, while limestone and granite with algae were transferred to another stream station and incubated at the same time. The diatom biomass was consistently high in the lime-stone station experiments compared to those at the granite station. In addition, there was more diatom biomass on granite substrata than on the limestone substrata at both stations. The present results suggested that the difference in water chemistry including the major nutrient concentrations was the limiting factor for algal growth in these two streams; however, when the water chemistry was the same in each stream, the difference in substratum characteristics became the important factor affecting the diatom abundance. The diatom community grown on the transferred substrata with and without algae became similar to those grown on the original substrata in each stream during the incubation period. It was suggested that the effect of the substrata characteristics on the diatom community structure was rather small.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19-36
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• 2006

This study aims to examine the influence of growth rate, profitability and current ratio, which are confronted with static trade-off theory and pecking order theory, on capital structure of superior hospital and bankrupt hospital. Firstly, superior hospitals show positive correlation between growth rate and short-term loans, long-term loans, and short-term liabilities while bankrupt hospitals represent negative correlation. Superiority hospital and bankruptcy hospital show different financing behaviors, especially, short-term loan is the significant characteristic that discriminates between superior hospital and bankrupt hospital. Secondly, this paper studied the correlation between profitability and short-term loan, which the superior hospitals shows negative correlation, to contrast, bankrupt hospital have positive correlation. Consequently, the short-term loan is the most distinguishable factor between the superior hospital and bankrupt hospitals in terms of profitability. To conclude, this study shows that excess short-term loans can be the most important cause for hospital's bankrupt. Accordingly, strategic and effective policy about the short-term loan will be required in order to protect hospital's bankrupt.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.288-293
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• 2007

The conversion of mitotic chromosome into interphase chromatin consists of at least two separate processes, the decondensation of the mitotic chromosome and the formation of the higher-order structure of interphase chromatin. Previously, we showed that depletion of BAF53 led to the expansion of chromosome territories and decompaction of the chromatin, suggesting that BAF53 plays an essential role in the formation of higher-order chromatin structure. We report here that BAF53 is associated with mitotic chromosomes during mitosis. Immunostaining with two different anti-BAF53 antibodies gave strong signals around the DNA of mitotic preparations of NIH3T3 cells and mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). The immunofluorescent signals were located on the surface of mitotic chromosomes prepared by metaphase spread. BAF53 was also found in the mitotic chromosome fraction of sucrose gradients. Association of BAF53 with mitotic chromosomes would allow its rapid activation on the chromatin upon exit from mitosis.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.424-433
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• 2003

Evolutionary design related to the optimal design of Polynomial Neural Networks (PNNs) structure for model identification of complex and nonlinear system is studied in this paper. The PNN structure is consisted of layers and nodes like conventional neural networks but is not fixed and can be changable according to the system environments. three types of polynomials such as linear, quadratic, and modified quadratic is used in each node that is connected with various kinds of multi-variable inputs. Inputs and order of polynomials in each node are very important element for the performance of model. In most cases these factors are decided by the background information and trial and error of designer. For the high reliability and good performance of the PNN, the factors must be decided according to a logical and systematic way. In the paper evolutionary algorithm is applied to choose the optimal input variables and order. Evolutionary (genetic) algorithm is a random search optimization technique. The evolved PNN with optimally chosen input variables and order is not fixed in advance but becomes fully optimized automatically during the identification process. Gas furnace and pH neutralization processes are used in conventional PNN version are modeled. It shows that the designed PNN architecture with evolutionary structure optimization can produce the model with higher accuracy than previous PNN and other works.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.113-137
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• 2012

Frame structures with viscoelastic (VE) dampers mounted on them are considered in this paper. It is the aim of this paper to compare the dynamic characteristics of frame structures with VE dampers when the dampers are modelled by means of different models. The classical rheological models, the model with the fractional order derivative, and the complex modulus model are used. A relatively large structure with VE dampers is considered in order to make the results of comparison more representative. The formulae for dissipation energy are derived. The finite element method is used to derive the equations of motion of the structure with dampers and such equations are written in terms of both physical and state-space variables. The solution to motion equations in the frequency domain is given and the dynamic properties of the structure with VE dampers are determined as a solution to the appropriately defined eigenvalue problem. Several conclusions concerning the applicability of a family of models of VE dampers are formulated on the basis of results of an extensive numerical analysis.