• Architectural research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.157-166
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• 2014

This research investigates the design process of free-form architecture to understand the design strategy and changing factors during the development phase and the cause for them. It is aimed to foresee the changing factors from the design process and to reduce design changes. It analyzes the design changes of free-form architecture based on projects with finalized documentation or under construction in South Korea. Many free-form shapes of the free-form architectures have to be adjusted to rigid-form in order to satisfy function and be economical to build. The research finds three patterns in design changes. First, from the factors for design changes: function, constructability, design, program add/subtract, efficiency, circulation; Function and Constructability are the higher factors compared with the rest. The two are the design changes suitable for actual usage and cost savings. Second, each project has different predominant factors for design changes as the degree of free-form is different. Contrary to initial expectation, the greater the degrees of free-form of the competition scheme, the higher the rate of Function among the factors for design changes. Constructability is higher when the degree of the free-form is less than others. It means that the lower the degree of the free-form, the more properly planned the space of the building is. Last, Constructability of free-form architecture is considered during the earlier design phase than definite-form, one by which the design changes by comparing 'Before fixed Space Program' (BSP) and 'After fixed Space Program' (ASP) design changes. The research would be helpful as a reference for setting up competition guidelines to reduce trial and error during the design process.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

Fashion and architecture essentially have structure to build space for a form of three dimensions. This study defines the form in which structure in itself becomes design as structural simplicity and investigates design paying attention to only structure. It is one of efforts in order to display new design required in the age of a flood of design and it is considered that before developing design through the fusion of architecture and fashion, understanding structure which is the most fundamental element to constitute the form of the two genres will be a groundwork to develop proper fusion design. This study elucidates similarities between architecture and fashion through literature review and investigates structure meant in architecture and fashion, and after that, collects corresponding examples through related literature and fashion information site. For structural simplicity in architecture, structure of a building in itself is a form and decoration at the same time, and it appears as a form of minimizing other elements and stressing the structure only. Structure in fashion means composition line which essentially exists to embody two dimensional materials onto three dimensional human body. As elements of geometric lines are creatively expressed by a designer in order to constitute three dimensional form from structural simplicity, they connote a variety of functions and exert decorative effects as well. And the shape of structure expressed like this is employed as a tool to show off the designer's techniques.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.96-108
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a systematic hull form variation technique which automatically satisfies the displacement constraint and guarantees a high level of fairness. This method is possible through multiple parameter correction curves. The present method is to improve the hull form variation method based on parametric modification function and consists of two sub-categories: SAC variation and section lines modification. For SAC variation, the utilization of two B-Spline curves satisfying GC¹ condition led to the satisfaction of displacement constraint and high level of fairness at the same time. Section lines modification methods involves in using two fuctions: the first is the waterplane modification function combining two cubic splines. the other function is the sectional area modification function consisting of 2nd order polynomial over the DLWL(Design Load Waterline) and 3rd order polynomial below the DLWL, This function enables not only the fundamental U-V section shape variation but also systematically modified section lines. The present method is expected to be more useful in the hull form optimization process using CFD compared to the existing method.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.275-280
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• 2001

DESIGNIN AND OPERATION OF DIGITAL EVIDENCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM APPLYING COMPUTER FORENSICS AND ELECTRONIC CERTIFICATION Digital evidence will be used as a term, which means the electronic form of information which is necessary to confirm or prove the factum of all kinds of behaviors committed through the devices which have data processing ability including computer. It is expected that there will be the increase of legal conflicts surrounding electronic commerce activities as well as the increase of cyber crimes, as the number of Internet users are getting bigger. In order to solve the problems of conflicts derived from electronic commerce, the factum of electronic commerce activities must be confirmed. In order to confirm the factum of electronic commerce activities, the evidence is prerequisite. Almost all evidences relating to the electronic commerce activities exist in digital form. For the reason that the digital evidence can be easily damaged and changed, special management is required to collect, analyze, and preserve the digital evidence. In order to meet this requirement, this study proposes a basic model of digital evidence management system applying computer forensics and electronic authentication.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.138-143
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• 2000

In order to maintain the faith and accuracy with precision of machinery, it is recently required the precise comprehension about approach which is appeared in the contact area between two bodies, because approach affects the static stiffness and dynamic characteristic of contact area. This study applied H. Hertz's circle contact area theory as much lower measuring force. It is measured approach influenced by various factors which were concerned with contact errors like material, form of two bodies, using calibration tester. As a result, the following conclusion can be obtained. 1) The approach appears greatly in order of carbon steel(SM20C), aluminum(A601-T6) and high density polyethylene(5305E) 2) The approach appears in order of concave, disc, convex form, in the ration of contact area size by the difference of curvature.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.727-734
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• 2004

An uncoupled computational model for analyzing the hygrothermal dynamic response of composite laminates has been developed. The constitutive equations, expressed in an integral form, and involving relaxation moduli are adopted, to describe the non-aging hygrothermorheologically simple materials. A Prony series represents the relaxation moduli is exploited in order to derive a recursive relationship, and thereby eliminate the storage problem that arises when dealing with material possessing memory. The problem is formulated in a descritized variational form. Mindlin and higher order finite elements are employed for spatial descretization, while the Newmark average acceleration scheme is exploited for temporal descritization. The adopted recursive formula uses only the details of the previous event to compute the details of the current one. Numerical results of the displacement fields of both thin and thick viscoelastic laminates problems are discussed to show up the effectiveness of Mindlin and higher-order shear theories.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.835-854
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• 2015

In this paper, the modified form of shear deformation plate theories is proposed. First, the displacement field geometry of classical and the first order shear deformation theories are compared with each other. Using this comparison shows that there is a kinematic relation among independent variables of the first order shear deformation theory. So, the modified forms of rotation functions in shear deformation theories are proposed. Governing equations for rectangular and circular thick laminated plates, having been analyzed numerically so far, are solved by method of separation of variables. Natural frequencies and mode shapes of the plate are determined. The results of the present method are compared with those of previously published papers with good agreement obtained. Efficiency, simplicity and excellent results of this method are extensible to a wide range of similar problems. Accurate solution for governing equations of thick composite plates has been made possible for the first time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.247-248
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• 2005

Human beings are perhaps most outstanding in longing for the beauty in order. The natural form have a power to be self-respect and also a repetitious pattern. Such natural forms will be the source of design, its constituent principles. Such natural forms will be the source of design, its constituent principle is that the minimum energy system constitutes the maximum and various systems, its forms come int being during the harmony of forces, and various systems, its forms come into being during the harmony of forces, and it has a light structure to surmount any influence resulting from the increasement of its size. Therefore, in organizing space, such order of natural forms will provide space with vitality and can express the relation of freedom as order.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 1989

System modeling from input-output data is generally carried out in two steps. The first step is to determine the form of the model. In the second step, the parameters of the model in an appropriate form are estimated from input-output data. This paper presents a method, via single term Walsh functions, for simultaneous estimation of the order and the parameters of linear systems from input-output data. The estimation of the model order is based on minimizing an error function, which is defined by Desai and Fairman. Unknown system parameters are recursively estimated by the least square method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.271-287
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• 2015

In this article, a more generalized form of the impact time and angle control guidance law is proposed based on the linear quadratic optimal control methodology. For the purpose on controlling an additional constraint such as the impact time, we introduce an additional state variable that is defined to be the jerk (acceleration rate). Additionally, in order to provide an additional degree of freedom in choosing the guidance gains, the performance index that minimizes the control energy weighted by an arbitrary order of time-to-go is considered in this work. First, the generalized form of the impact angle control guidance law with an additional term which is used for the impact time control is derived. And then, we also determine the additional term in order to achieve the desired impact time. Through numbers of numerical simulations, we investigate the superiority of the proposed guidance law compared to previous guidance laws. In addition, a salvo attack scenario with multiple missile systems is also demonstrated.