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A Study on the Nutrient Production of Sudangrass , Pioneer 931 and Pioneer 988 during the First Growth and the Regrowth (Sudangrass , Pioneer 931 및 Pioneer 988의 예취차별 영양소 생산량에 관한 연구)

  • 윤재인;윤익석;정승헌
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.140-146
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    • 1983
  • The production of dry matter, general composition, hemicelluose and cell contents and in vitro digestible dry matter, cellulose and crude protein production were investigated in the Sudangrass and the hybrid of Sudangrass x sorghum, Pioneer 931 and Pioneer 958 during the first growth and the regrowth. 1. Dry matter yield of Sudangrass showed the highest value among the cultivars tested, being 1,638kgper 10a, those of the Pioneer 988 and Pioneer 931 showed 1,404kg and 1,282kg respectively. The effect of the first growth and the regrowth on the dry matter production of Sudangrass and Pioneer 988 was relatively small. 2. The in vitro digestibility of cellulose and the estimated digestible energy value per kg had a trend to be lower in order of Pioneer 931, Pioneer 988 and Sudangrass. But the production of digestible energy per 10a was decreased in order of Sudangrass, Pioneer 958 and Pioneer 931, which produced 4,623, 4,170 and 3,970 Mcal, respectively. 3. The cultivars did not affect on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter, while the yields of digestible dry matter were decreased in the order of Sudangrass, Pioneer 988 and Pioneer 931, which showed 1,068, 939 and 893kg per 10a, respectively. The yields of digestible protein lowered in order of Pioneer 931, Sudangrass and Pioneer 988, which were 134, 130 and 102kg per 10a, respectively.

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A Study on Optimum Mixing Ratio of Paper Wastes as Bulking Agent in Cornposting of Swine Feces (돈분의 퇴비화에 있어서 종이류 폐기물의 적정 배합량에 관한 연구)

  • 정문식;박석환;최경호;손현석;김성균;박지영
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.82-90
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    • 1996
  • This study was performed to find the optimum mixing ratio of paper waste in composting of mixture of swine feces and newspaper. Using the experimental setting of aeration rate which was found in the experiment carried out priorly, and moisture contents reported in other literature, just the initial C:N ratios were differentiated by mixing different amount of newspaper with the same amount of swine feces. This study was carried out by operating 4 experimental cornposting reactors of bench scale for 3 weeks. The followings are the conclusions that were derived from this study. 1. During composting reaction, the C:N ratio of each cornposter was decreased. Degree of decrease was in order of run 3, run 2, run 4, and run 1 of which initial C:N ratio was 30, 25, 35, and 20 respectively. All of the final composts were found to be completed composting reaction. 2. Ash contents of each reactor increased rapidly in order of run 3, run 2, run 4, and run 1. The absolute values of quadratic effect coefficients of each second order regression function was 0.059, 0.038, 0.032, and 0.030 respectively. Ash contents evolution trend had a linear correlation with the C:N ratio trend. (r=-0.96932, p<0.05) 3. The range of highest temperatures reached during composting was 47.2-53.5$\circ$C. Those were not significantly different from one another. Thermophilic temperatures were maintained in the range of 48-108 hours. 4. Contents of heavy metal detected in the final compost were lower than those of Korean and European standards. 5. Concentration range of Nitrogen in the final compost was 1.11-2.27%, and that of phosphorus was 8.40-10.70 mg/kg. 6. The optimum C:N ratio which has been proposed without the consideration of types of bulking agents should be re-examined. Biodegradabilities of each bulking agents was thought to be important factor when determining the optimum initial C:N ratio for cornposting.

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A Dynamic Model of the Human Lower Extremity (하지의 동역학 모델)

  • Choi, Gi-Young;Son, Kwon;Jung, Min-Geun
    • Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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    • 1993.04a
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 1993
  • A human gait study is required for the biomechanical design of running shoes. A tow-dimensional dynamic model was developed in order to analyze lower extremity kinematics and loadings at the right ankle, knee, and hip joints. The dynamic model consists of three segments, the upper leg, the lower leg, and the foot. Each segment was assumed to be a rigid body with one or two frictionless hinge joints. The lower extremity motion was assumed to be planar in the sagittal plane. A young male subject was involved in the gait test and his anthropometric data were measured for the calculation of segement mass and moment of inertia. The experimental data were obtained from three trials of walking at 1.2m/s. The foot-floor reaction data were measured from a Kistler force plate. The kinematic data were acquired using a three-dimensional motion measurement system (Expert Vision) with six markers, five of which were placed on the right lower extremity segments and the rest one was attached to the force plate. Based on the model and experimental data for the stance phase of the right foot, the calculated vertical forces reached up to 492, 540, and 561 N at the hip, knee, ankle joints, respectively. The flexion-extension moments reached up to 155, 119, and 33 Nm in magnitude at the corresponding joints.

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The anti-emetic effect of needling acupuncture, aquapuncture and moxibustion at BL-20 and LIV-13 on the xylazine induced emesis in dogs (비유혈(BL-20) 및 장문혈(LIV-13)에 대한 자침, 수침 및 뜸 요법이 Xylazine을 투여한 개에서의 구토 억제 효과)

  • Yoon, Yong-Hyun;Liu, Jianzhu;Kim, Keon-Woo;Kim, Yoo-Su;Kim, Ji-Yong;Jang, Seo-Hi;Nam, Hae-Jin;Song, Kun-Ho;Kim, Myung-Cheol;Kim, Duck-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.297-302
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    • 2005
  • The present experiment was performed in order to know the anti-emetic effect of acupuncture, aquapuncture with metoclopramide and moxibustion on the xylazine induced emesis in dogs. The animals were devided into a control group (non-acupoint) and two experimental groups (BL-20 and LIV-13), respectively. Acupuncture, aquapuncture with metoclopramide (1 mg/kg) and moxibustion were applied to animals for 20 minutes before xylazine injection (2.2 mg/kg, IM). In acupuncture group, the emetic rates in BL-20 (16.7%) and LIV-13 (16.7%) were lower than that of control group (50%), respectively. In aquapuncture group, the emetic rates in BL-20 (16.7%) and LIV-13 (0.0%) were lower than that of control group (50%), respectively. In moxibustion group, the emetic rates in BL-20 (50%) and LIV-13 (16.7%) were lower than that of control group (83.3%), respectively. Considering above the findings collectively, it is considered that acupuncture, aquapuncture with metoclopramide and moxibustion at BL-20 and LIV-13 are effective and especially aquapuncture with metoclopramide at LIV-13 is the most effective treatment to prevent the emesis induced by xylazine among groups.

An Analysis of Elementary School Students과 Personality, Scientific Attitude and Correlation Analysis of between Them (초등학생의 성격특성과 과학적 태도 분석과 이들의 상관관계 연구)

  • 배진호;김언경;김재영
    • Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2004
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze elementary school students' personality, scientific attitude and to find the correlation between elementary school students' personality and scientific attitude. To determine this, the distribution of sixth graders' personality and scientific attitude was examined and correlation between the lower categories of each one was analyzed. The test tools and the subject were decided through the two preliminary examination, personality test and scientific attitude test were investigated appling to a total of 354 sixth-grade students at eight elementary schools in this study. The test results were analyzed with averages, standard deviations, correlations, ANOVA using SPSS/PC/sup +/. The major results of analysis are as follows. First, the distribution of scientific attitude proved that the average of boys' curiosity was higher than that of girls' curiosity, but girls' average was higher than boys' average in criticalness property, cooperation property, preparation property, continuation property and patience property. The distribution of upper group and lower group in personality properties revealed that the ratio of upper group was higher than that of lower group in activity property, social property, but the ratio of lower group was higher than that of upper group in responsibility and reflective property. Second, the socio-populational variables affecting 6th graders' personality' and science attitude were a sex, a sibling order. The cognition variables affecting 6th graders' personality and science attitude were preference, extent of usability to practical life and interest of science. Third, analyzing the correlation between lower categories of personality and lower categories of science attitude revealed that activity property of personality rather highly correlated to willingness property, critical property at .399(p<.01), .351(p<.01) respectively. and that consideration property of personality highly correlated to curiosity, critical property at .451 (p<.01), .415(p<.01) respectively.

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Kinetic Studies on Physical and Chemical Activation of Phenolic Resin Chars

  • Agarwal, Damyanti;Lal, Darshan;Tripathi, V.S.;Mathur, G.N.
    • Carbon letters
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.126-132
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    • 2003
  • Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) has been proven to be an excellent material for many industrial applications. A systematic study has been carried out of the kinetics of physical as well as chemical activation of phenolic resin chars. Physical activation was carried out using $CO_2$ and chemical activation using KOH as activating agent. There are number of factors which influence the rate of activation. The activation temperature and residence time at HTT varied in the range $550{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$ and $\frac{1}{2}{\sim}8$ hrs respectively. Kinetic studies show that the rate of chemical activation is 10 times faster than physical activation even at much lower temperature. Above study show that the chemical activation process is suitable to prepare granular activated carbon with very high surface area i.e.$ 2895\;m^2/g$ in short duration of time i.e. 1 to 2 hrs at lower temperature i.e. $750^{\circ}C$ from phenolic resins.

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Development on Human Muscle Skeletal Model and Stress Analysis of Kumdo Head Hitting Motion (검도 머리치기 동작의 인체 근골격 모델개발 및 응력해석)

  • Lee, Jung-Hyun;Lee, Se-Hoon;Lee, Young-Shin
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.24 no.11
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    • pp.116-125
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    • 2007
  • Human muscle skeletal model was developed for biomechanical study. The human model was consists with 19 bone-skeleton and 122 muscles. Muscle number of upper limb, trunk and lower limb part are 28, 60, 34 respectively. Bone was modeled with 3D beam element and muscle was modeled with spar element. For upper limb muscle modelling, rectus abdominis, trapezius, deltoideus, biceps brachii, triceps brachii muscle and other main muscles were considered. Lower limb muscle was modeled with gastrocenemius, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and related muscles. The biomechanical stress and strain analysis of human was conducted by proposed finite element analysis model under Kumdo head hitting motion. In this study structural analysis has been performed in order to investigate the human body impact by Kumdo head hitting motion. As the results, the analytical displacement, stress and strain of human body are presented.

Physicochemical Properties of Pectic Substances from Citrus Fruits (감귤과 유자중의 펙틴질의 이화학적 성질)

  • Rhee, Hun-Joo;Rhee, Hei-Soo
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.9-12
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    • 1990
  • This study was carried out in order to investigate the physicochemical properties of isolated pectic substances from Citron, Satsuma mandarin, Marumero, and Natsudaidai. Among varieties, Citron had the highest value of isnoluble pectin and Marumero had the hightest ratio of soluble pection. The total pectin contents isolated by 2% Sodium hexameta-phosphate(SHMP) varied in the range of 1.85% ~ 2.63%. Anhydrogalacturonic acid(AUA) contents were 78.64%~89.14% and were lower than commercial pectin. Isolated pectin contained above 7% methoxyl content and above 50% esterification. The apparent molecular weight of commercial pectin and isolated pectin were 72,000 and 42,000~46,000 respectively. Esterification and ester methoxyl content were the lowest and apparent molecular weight was the highest in Satsuma mandarin. Citron's values were a little higher in esterification and ester methoxyl content and lower in apparent molecular weight than the others.

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The Rheological Properties of Castella on the Market (시판 카스테라의 점탄성 계수)

  • 정현숙
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.298-302
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    • 1994
  • This study is carried out in order to investigate to the physical property of Castella. The material is 19 kinds of Castella on the market in Kyushu area.As an result of the sensory evaluation for Castella, it could be classified into 3 types ; a) high grade, C) low grade, and B) midium grade.The results are summarized as follow. The water content of 3 type Castella was most 26-30% but Korea's was more lower . ΔE of A an dB type Castella was similiar , but A and C types was very different. in the Creep test, 3 types are all the 6-element Voigt model, consisting of Hookean body , Newtonian body and two sets of Voigt body. Eo of A type is 13-36% higher than other types. The parts of retardation strain of A type are 21-41% lower than B type, 8-13% higher than C type, respectively.

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Changes in Hardness and Damping Capacity of Aged Mg-5%Sn Alloy (시효한 Mg-5%Sn 합금의 경도와 진동감쇠능 변화)

  • Jun, Joong-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.255-261
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    • 2022
  • In this work, the strain-amplitude independent and strain-amplitude dependent damping capacities of Mg-5%Sn alloy have been investigated as a function of its age-hardening response. The hardness increased with an increase in aging time, reached a peak value after 48 h, and then it gradually decreased. The damping capacities of the Mg-5%Sn alloy exhibited a decreasing tendency in the order of solution-treated, under-aged, peakaged, and over-aged states in the strain-amplitude dependent region, whereas they increased continuously with aging time in the strain-amplitude independent region. The microstructural examination during aging revealed that the lower concentration of Sn solutes in the α-(Mg) matrix and the lower density of the Mg2Sn precipitate particles may well be the crucial factors for better damping values in the strain-amplitude independent and strain-amplitude dependent regions, respectively.