• Title/Summary/Keyword: orange Satsuma mandarin

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Isolation and Identification of Phytophthora citrophthora from Imported Orange Fruits (수입 오렌지로부터 갈색썩음병균(Phytophthora citrophthora)의 분리 및 동정)

  • 송장훈;권혁모;문덕영;강혜경;고영진
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.129-131
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    • 1997
  • Occurrence of brown rot was observed on imported orange fruits, and irregular brown spots were appeared as an intial symptom. White colored mycelia were developed rapidly on the surface of the fruits under the humid condition and resulted in rotting of the fruits. The causal organism of brown rot of orange was identified as Phytophthora citrophthora. Most sporangia were nondeciduous, papillate, ovoid, and measured 25.5~51.5$\times$17.9~34.7 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in size. P. citrophtora was pathogenic on Satsuma mandarin as well as orange. Symptoms were produced 3~7 days after artificial inoculation of sporangia and mycelia mixture on the fruits of orange and Satsuma mandarin, which were similar to those on the naturally infected fruits.

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Morphological Characteristics and Pathotype of Sphaceloma fawcettii Causing Citrus Scab in Korea. (우리나라 감귤 더뎅이병균의 형태적 특성과 병원형)

  • 송장훈;고영진
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.303-307
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    • 1998
  • Citrus scab caused warty and scabby lesions on the surface of leaves, twigs and fruits of Satsuma mandarin. Warty lesions were mainly developed before July but scabby ones were developed during summer season in Cheju island, Korea. The casual organism of scab was morphologically identified as Sphaceloma fawcettii and was thought to be Tryon's pathotype of Elsinoe fawcettii, because it was pathogenic on rough lemon and Cleopatra mandarin but non-pathogenic on sour orange, grapefruit and sweet orange among the 5 differential hosts of E. fawcettii.

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Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri on Satsuma Mandarin Orange Fruits Using Phage Technique in Korea

  • Myung, Inn-Shik;Hyun, Jae-Wook;Cho, Weon-Dae
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.314-317
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    • 2006
  • A phage technique for detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, a causal bacterium of canker on Sastuma mandarin fruits was developed. Phage and ELISA techniques were compared for their sensitivity for detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri on orange fruits. Both of techniques revealed a similar efficiency for the bacterial detection; the pathogenic bacteria were observed in pellet from the fruits with over one canker spot with below 2 mm in diameter. In field assays, the increase of phage population(120%) on surface of the fruits related to the disease development one month later indicated that the bacterial pathogens inhabit on the surface. The procedure will be effectively used for detection of only living bacterial pathogen on fruit surfaces of Satsuma mandarin and for the disease forecasting.

Characteristics of 'Hongrou Taoye', a Grafted Chimera in Sweet Orange and Satsuma Mandarin

  • Zhang, Min;Xie, Zongzhou;Deng, Xiuxin;Liao, Shengcai;Song, Wenhua;Tan, Yong
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.390-395
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    • 2015
  • The synthesis of chimeras is a breeding approach for horticultural crops. In our breeding program, a new diploid citrus chimera, named 'Hongrou Taoye' (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck + Citrus unshiu Marc.), was found arising at the junction where a 'Taoye' sweet orange (C. sinensis) scion was grafted onto Satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu). As an artificial chimera, its fruit traits derived from the L1 cell layer, with juice color and carotenoid complement, in which ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin accumulated predominantly, similar to those of Satsuma mandarin. By contrast, traits originating from the L2/L3 cell layer, including pollen, seed, and rind aroma characteristics, were the same as those of 'Taoye' sweet orange (the scion). SSR and cpSSR analyses showed that both nuclear and chloroplast genomes of the chimera were a combination of both donor parents. 'Hongrou Taoye' thus combined the valuable traits of both donor plants, and therefore has good potential in citrus fresh market.

Comparison of Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Three Citrus Rootstocks and Satsuma Mandarin Grafted on Them (감귤 대목과 그것에 접목한 온주밀감의 엽록소 형광특성의 비교)

  • Han, Sang Heon
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.149-152
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    • 2001
  • Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence capable to estimate $CO_2$ assimilation was compared among three citrus rookstocks: trifoliate orange (Poncitrus trifoliate L.), 'Flying Dragon' (Poncitrus trifoliate L. var. monstrosa) and citromelo (Poncitrus trifoliate L.${\times}$Citrus paradisi), as well as among satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu cv. Nichinan No.1) grafted on the 3 rootstocks. Citromelo, the most vigorous rootstock; and 'trifoliate orange'; the most common cultivar and moderate rootstocks gave the same potential and actual quantum yields, whereas 'Flying Dragon' (very dwarf) had lower values due to a higher Fo and Fs for fluorescence obtained from dark-adapted and light-adapted leaves, respectively. These findings show that the absorbed photon energy was dissipated more as fluorescence from the antena chlorophyll in 'Flying Dragon' than trifoliate orange or 'swingle' citrimelo. The satsuma mandarins grafted on these rootstocks did not, however, show the differences observed in the rootstocks by having all the same potential and actual quantum yields. It is suggested that the rootsocks do not potentially or actually electron transport in the Photosystem II (PS II) of satsuma mandarin grafted on the 3 rootstocks.

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A New Early Maturing Satsuma Mandarin Cultivar, 'Haryejosaeng' (온주밀감 신품종 '하례조생' 육성)

  • Yun, Su-Hyun;Kim, Sung-Jong;Kim, Han-Yong;Park, Jae-Ho;An, Hyun-Joo;Kang, Sung-Ku;Moon, Young-II;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lee, Dong Hoon;Koh, Sang-Wook;Kim, Chang-Myung
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.184-187
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    • 2008
  • A new early maturing satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) 'Haryejosaeng' was developed as a nucellar seedling selection of 'Tachima Wase' (C. unshiu Marc.) that was crossed with C. natsudaidai Hayata at the National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture in Jeju island in 1992. The 'Jegam ga No. 2', a first selection from the seedlings fruited in 2001 was finally named "Haryejosaeng" through field evaluation trials at three locations in Jeju island from 2003 to 2004. 'Haryejosaeng' produces seedless fruit maturing in early November, and has higher soluble solids and lower acidity than 'Miyagawa Wase', the leading early-maturing satsuma mandarin cultivar in Jeju island. Fruit weight is moderate at about 80~90 g and its shape is compressed-oblate globose with a light orange color. The rind thickness of about 2 mm provides easy peeling. The flesh shows light orange colored and contains 10 to 11 Brix and 1 to 1.1% acidity when mature. Tree shows vigorous growth and spreading thornless twigs. Alternate bearing is similar to 'Miyagawa Wase'. 'Haryejosaeng' is susceptible to citrus scab disease and melanose, but resistant to citrus canker.

Evaluation of Potential of Mandarin Hybrid 'Shiranuhi' against inoculation of Bacterial Canker Disease Pathogen (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) in Citrus Field in Jeju Island

  • Hyun, Jae-Wook;Myung, Inn-Shik;Lee, Seong-Chan;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lim, Han-Cheol
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.19 no.5
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    • pp.248-252
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to evaluate potential of Shiranuhi cultivar against inoculation of causal pathogen of citrus canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in Jeju Island by comparing degree of susceptibility of fruits and leaves/twigs, and analysis of incidence of canker disease. Progression of symptom, disease incidence, and percent area of lesion were surveyed for evaluation of resistance. In greenhouse condition, symptoms of bacterial citrus canker progressed more rapidly in sweet orange, a moderately susceptible cultivar, than in other four cultivars (satsuma mandarin, 'Kiyomi', 'Shiranuhi' and 'Yuzu'). At 20 days after inoculation, disease severity was the highest in sweet orange (5.0$\pm$0.0), and all tested leaves were distorted or had dropped. On the other hand, 'Yuzu' showed the lowest disease severity (2.6$\pm$0.47), followed by 'Kiyomi' (4.0$\pm$0.0), 'Shiranuhi' (4.0$\pm$0.82), and satsuma mandarin (4.3$\pm$0.47). Percent area of lesion per leaf 30 days after inoculation was the highest in sweet orange (8.31$\pm$1.78), followed by satsuma mandarin (1.51$\pm$1.25), 'Shiranuhi' (1.39$\pm$0.94), and 'Kiyomi' (1.1$\pm$0.9), while the lowest was in 'Yuzu' (0.26$\pm$0.17). Infield condition, percentage of diseased leaf in 'Shiranuhi' was very low, 5.2$\pm$2.9, compared with sweet orange, 71.0$\pm$ 11.5, while that of satsuma mandarin and 'Kiyomi' were 6.9$\pm$7.0 and 4.3$\pm$2.0, respectively. Percentages of diseased leaf was higher (17.4$\pm$7.1) than that of diseased fruit (3.2$\pm$2.5) in severely diseased trees of Shiranuhi cultivar, and the disease was not observed on twig in open field condition. Lesion sizes on leaves and fruits in open field condition were 4.1$\pm$2.2 mm2 and 5.1$\pm$5.6 mm2, respectively, while those in greenhouse condition were 8.7$\pm$5.7 mm2, 10.4$\pm$9.2 mm2 and 5.6$\pm$2.6 mm2 on leaves, fruits and twigs, respectively. The disease was observed in 5.6% out of total 107 farmers Shiranuhi fields under polyethylene film house, and average percentages of diseased tree in 31 fields of Shiranuhi cultivar and adjacent satsuma mandarin fields were 0.02% and 14.8%, respectively. Average percentage of diseased fruit was 1.6% in satsuma mandarin which was not observed in anyone of all the 31 Shiranuhi farmers fields. Therefore, it was concluded that 'Shiranuhi' cultivar is not potential against causal pathogen of citrus canker disease in Jeju Island because the cultivar has similar resistance as satsuma mandarin which occupies over 95% of total 25,000 ha in Jeju Island in polyethylene film houses protected from outside.

Characterization of the host reaction of some citrus plants with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, causing citrus bacterial canker disease.

  • Myung, Inn-Shik;Hyun, Jae-Wook;Kim, Kwang-Sik;Lee, Sung-Chan;Lim, Han-Chul
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.120.3-121
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    • 2003
  • Relative degree of resistance of citrus to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the causal bacterium of canker, was investigated. Growth rate of a bacterium in leaf tissues after infiltration, disease incidence, and percent of lesion area were compared. By using growth rate[(GR=(At - A$\sub$t-1/)/A$\sub$t-1] host plants were differentiated into susceptible and resistant. Growth rates reached to peak at 40 hrs after inoculation and then declined. The growth rate in leaf tissues of a moderately susceptible cultivar, Citrus sinensis vu. Lane late(sweet orange), was the highest, and those of C. unshiu ${\times}$ C. sinensis(kiyomi), C. junos(yuzu), [(Citrus. unshiu x C. sinensis) x C. reticulata] (shiranuhi), and C. unshiu(satuma mandarin) were similar. This result indicates that the growth rate of the bacterium in leaf tissues can be effectively used for evaluation of disease resistance for citrus plants to X. axonopodis pv. citri. The disease on sweet orange occurred earlier than relatively resistant citrus plants tested. The percent of lesion area on leaf was also higher in sweet orange than those of satsuma mandarin, shiranuhi and kiyomi, and yuzu. The disease severity was highest on sweet orange and followed by kiyomi, shiranuhi, satsuma mandarin, and yuzu.

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Effect of Foliar Application of GA3 on the Flower Bud Formation and Fruit Quality of Satsuma Mandarine (C. unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa) (지베렐린 엽면살포가 '궁천조생' 감귤의 착화와 과실품질에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, Seok-Beom;Moon, Young-Eel;Han, Seung-Gab;Kim, Yong-Ho;Chae, Chi-Won;Choi, Young-Hun
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.343-347
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    • 2013
  • BACKGROUND: Control of alternate bearing satsuma mandarin in Jeju is very important to maintain the optimum price of fruit and get the sustainable income of farmers. Unlike orange, Satsuma mandarin is well known to sensitive on alternate bearing. We carried out the experiment to know the effect of foliar application of $GA_3$ on the flowering and fruit quality of satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu Marc. cv. Miyagawa). METHODS AND RESULTS: To experiment, the treatments consist of control, different concentration of $GA_3$ (25, 50 and 100 mg/L), machine oil emulsion 100 times and mixture of various concentration of $GA_3$ (25 and 50 mg/L) with machine oil emulsion 100 times which it was applied on 15 year-old Miyagawa satsuma mandarin at December 29, 2011. Foliar application of $GA_3$ in winter reduced the flowering of satsuma mandarin. Flower-leaf ratio was significantly reduced at 100 mg/L $GA_3$, while no differences observed in low concentration of $GA_3$ (25 and 50 mg/L). However, it was significantly decreased to 0.19 in application of $GA_3$ 25 and 50 mg/L with machine oil emulsion 100 times mixture. Number of leaves per fruit was significantly increased as foliar application of $GA_3$ also it reduced the fruits remarkably. Soluble solid contents and Hunter's a of peel color ratio showed no difference among $GA_3$ single treatments, but it was reduced in $GA_3$ 25 and 50 mg/L with machine oil emulsion 100 times mixtures significantly. From the results, it has been found that higher $GA_3$ concentration can reduce the number of flowers on the alternate bearing of satsuma mandarin. However, it was found that lower concentration of $GA_3$ with machine oil emulsion mixture 100 times can reduce flowering. CONCLUSION(S): The foliar application of $GA_3$ (100 mg/L) can alleviate alternate beraring. Also, mixture of lower concentration of $GA_3$ with machine oil emulsion 100 times can retard flowering more significantly while it needs further confirmation.

First Report of Citrus Scab on Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata)

  • Choi, Cheol Woo;Hyun, Jae Wook;Hwang, Rok Yeon;Park, Jae Sin;Jung, Kyung Eun
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.57-60
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    • 2020
  • Citrus scab symptoms were observed on leaves of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) in open field of Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science. Typical scab pustules were formed and they were elevated protuberances form and light brown to grey. The pathogens were isolated from the symptomatic leaves and then were identified to Elsinoë fawcettii by morphological characteristics, pathogenicity and PCR assay. The morphological characteristics of colonies formed very slow-growing, pulvinate, or raised and deeply fissured, gummy to mucoid or tomentose colonies on potato dextrose agar medium. The pathogens were pathogenic to leaves of Satsuma mandarin, lemon, sour orange and grapefruit with typical scab symptoms. In PCR assay, specific amplified of products of 717 bp with Efaw-1 and 384 bp with Efaw-2 were observed from trifoliate isolates and E. fawcettii as reference but not from E. australis. This is first report of trifoliate orange being positive for citrus scab disease.