• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of detection of PRRSV and PRRSV-specific antibodies in oral fluids for monitoring of PRRSV infection in endemic farms. The level of PRRSV and anti-PRRSV antibodies in serum and oral fluids was evaluated in five age groups of pigs (6, 9, 12, 16 weeks of age and gilts). The samples (25 serums and 5 oral fluids/per a farm) were collected from 5 different farms endemically infected by PRRSV. Both serum and oral fluid samples were tested for PRRSV by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and for anti-PRRSV antibodies by two commercial PRRSV ELISA kits. ELISA mean s/p ratios (2.98 vs 1.63) and positive rate (84.0% vs 68.8%) of the oral fluid samples showed significantly higher levels but had similar patterns to the seroprofile of the blood samples. The PRRSV positive rate of oral fluid and serum samples was 40.0% and 44.0% respectively. In conclusion, the use of oral fluids for PRRS monitoring in endemic farms is strongly recommended.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2022

Taste is a basic sensation to get attracted toward nutritious foods or avoid possible harmful substances. The basic taste qualities in humans consist of sweet, bitter, umami, salty, and sour. Basically, sweet and umami tastes make food attractive, whereas bitter and sour tastes make it avoidable. Salty taste comprises basic salty and high salt taste. The basic salty taste is known as amiloride-sensitive salty taste, which is inhibited by amiloride, but the high salt taste is not sensitive to amiloride. Moreover, high salt taste can also cause avoidance behavior in human beings. Sodium, one of the most important cations in the body fluids of vertebrates, controls the volume of total body fluids and is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension. The concentration of sodium in body fluids must be under delicate control. A distinction between the salty taste and high salt taste would be a contributing mechanism to control the volume and/or osmolarity of body fluids.

• 치과방사선
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.291-299
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• 1993

This study was designed to evaluate the correlationship between radiologic classifications of cysts in oral region and glycosaminoglycan analysis of cystic fluids using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The materials for this study consisted of 37 cases-8 periapical cysts, 10 dentigerous cysts, 10 primordial cysts, 2 residual cysts, 3 incisive canal cysts, 2 post-operative maxillary cysts, 1 mucocele on maxillary sinus, & 1 unicystic ameloblastoma-diagnosed as cystic lesions radiologically. The obtained results were as follows: 1. At the stepwise discriminant analysis, four variables-low mobility material, heparin, hyaluronic acid, & dermatan sulfate-were used to define diagnostic model for the odotogenic cyst. The model produced a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 85%. 2. The intensities of heparin and chondroitin-4-sulfate were greater in dentigerous cyst than periapical cyst(p<0.05). The intensity of chondroitin-4-sulfate was greater in primordial cyst than in periapical cyst(p<0.05). 3. It showed no statistically significant difference in glycosaminoglycan of the cystic fluids between dentigerous cyst and primordial cyst(p>0.05). 4. On the fluids of the cysts originated from maxillary sinus, there were especially high intensities of heparin and dermatan sulfate, and low intensity of chondroitin-4-sulfate. 5. On the fluids of unicystic ameloblastoma, there were high intensity of dermatan sulfate and low intenity of chondroitin-4-sulfate.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of detecting Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) from the herd-based oral fluids specimens collected by the cotton ropes from pig farms that were found as FMDV nonstructural protein (NSP) antibodies positive. The cotton ropes were applied to detect FMDV in the selected pig farms which NSP antibodies were continuously detected in 2016, including the one pig farm which FMDV antigen were detected at the specimens from the pigsty environment. As the result, FMDV antigen were not detected in the oral fluid specimens collected by the cotton ropes. Theoretically, to detect FMDV antigen from the pigs with NSP antibodies has very low possibility because FMDV antigen disappeared at the time when NSP antibodies were produced by FMDV. Therefore, in order to detect FMDV antigen from the oral fluids using the cotton rope, it would be more effective to be applied to target the FMDV infected pigs rather than the NSP antibodies positive pigs. The collected oral fluids using cotton rope could be useful test specimens to monitor high-density pig populations for FMDV infection. Then, oral fluids sampling using cotton rope will be used for the efficient FMDV surveillance to detect FMDV antigen.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2016

Oral mucormycosis is a fungal infection observed mainly in elderly immunocompromised patients. In rare instances, the disease occurs in healthy individuals and those patients that are below preschool age. Although this condition mainly involves the maxilla, it may also manifest in any part of the oral cavity based on the source of infection. Mucormycosis of the maxilla spreads rapidly, leading to necrosis of the palatal bone and palatal perforation. Such patients are usually rehabilitated using bone grafting or free flap surgeries. However, when surgeries are delayed, palatal prosthesis is an interim treatment modality that can prevent nasal regurgitation and aspiration of food or fluids. Palatal prostheses also help with mastication, speech, and swallowing. The present case describes a rare case of oral mucormycosis in an 18-month-old male involving the maxilla that was managed by palatal prosthesis.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 1995

The Purpose of this article is to describe the biochemical properties and biological functions of several salivary proteins that possess the unusual properties of inhibiting spontaneous and secondary precipitation of calcium phosphate. This function is very important since human salivary secretion is supersaturated with respect to calcium phosphate. Biological function of statherin, proline rich protein (PRP) and histidine rich protein (HRP) is to inhibit precipitation of calcium phosphate in salivary glands, in the oral fluids, and onto tooth surfaces. The resulting supersaturated state of the salivary secretions contributes a protective and reparative environment which is important for the integrity of the tooth. Beneficial consequences of salivary supersaturation with respect to calcium phosphate are selectively expressed in the oral cavity- that is, protection is provided for the dental enamel-while undesirable consequences, for example, precipitation of calcium phosphates in the salivary glands and onto the teeth do not occur. Purification and structural characteristics of these proteins as well as clinical significance of functions of each protein will be discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2006

Objective. The objective of this study was to examine the hypothesis that inflammatory synovial fluid from TMJ internal derangement initiates a transient increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([$Ca^{2+}$]i) in chondrocytes and the induced Ca2+ signaling affects iNOS/COX-2 gene expression patterns following exposure to inflamed synovial fluid. Materials and Methods. Two female adult patients with symptoms of TMD who agreed to participate in the study were selected for this study. Immortalized human juvenile costal chondrocyte C-28/I2 was grown to 80% confluency and synovial fluids from two patients were added respectively to culture media for 24 hours at the concentration of 100ng/10ml. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to examine changes of intracellular calcium concentration ([$Ca^{2+}$]i). RT-PCR was performed to identify the expression profile of IL-1${\alpha}$, iNOS, COX-2. Results. Increased [$Ca^{2+}$]i was observed in chondrocytes subjected to inflamed synovial fluid compared to control cultures and in respective cultures exposed to inflamed synovial fluids from each patient, IL-1${\beta}$, COX-2 mRNA were detected. However, in neither case iNOS mRNA was expressed. IL-1${\alpha}$, COX-2, and iNOS mRNA were expressed in control culture. Conclusion. Our results show that immortalized chondrocytes cultured with inflamed synovial fluids from patients diagnosed as disc displacement without reduction and limitation in mouth opening showed increased calcium concentration and expression of COX-2 while inhibiting the production of iNOS, which in turn could adversely affect the chondrocytes in at least short term by hindering physiologic role of NO against inflammatory cascades. These findings suggest that inflamed synovial fluid may differentially regulate the transcriptomes of relevant inflammatory mediators, especially iNOS/COX-2 axis in chondrocytes through adjusting calcium transients.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.704-712
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• 2010

Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV2) 는 돼지에서 여러 형태의 질병과 증후군의 발생과 관련이 되어있어 현재는 PCV-associated diseases (PCVAD)로 총괄적으로 분류된다. PCVAD에 의한 높은 경제적 손실 때문에 많은 양돈장들이 PCV2의 감염을 확인하기 위하여 혈청을 검사하고 있다. 하지만, 기존의 혈액채취법은 비용이 높고 많은 인력이 소요되므로 큰 규모의 병원체 검사에는 어려움이 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 혈액채취법을 이용한 돈군의 PCV2 검사법에 대한 대체방법으로 돈방 단위의 구강액채취법의 유용성을 실제 농장에서 평가하였다. 세 곳의 다른 양돈 농장들에서 각각 6개의 25두 규모의 돈방들을 선정하여 생후 3, 5, 8, 12, 16주에 돈방 마다 하나의 구강액과 5개의 혈청을 채취하였다. 모든 시료들은 real-time PCR을 이용하여 PCV2 DNA를 검사하였고 IgG 또는 IgA 간접형광항체 검사법및 세 가지의 ELISA 검사법 (blocking ELISA, indirect ELISA, and IgG/IgM sandwich ELISA)을 이용하여 PCV2에 대한 항체를 검사하였다. 구강액에서 PCV2 DNA는 8주까지는 간헐적으로 검출이 되다가 16주에는 모든 돈방에서 검출이 되었으며, 모체유래 PCV2 특이 IgG는 3주부터 검출이 되었고 모든 농장에서 5-8주까지 지속이 되었다. 16주에는 한 농장 (Site 1)의 모든 돈방에서 감염에 의한 IgG와 IgA가 검출되었다. 혈청에서의 PCV2 DNA와 PCV2 항체의 검출은 구강액에서의 검출과 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 구강액은 돈군의 PCV2 감염을 모니터링 하기 위해 혈청대신 사용할 수 있는 저비용, 고효율의 시료가 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2008

A qualitative and quantitative analytical method was developed for detection of methamphetamine (MA) and its main metabolite amphetamine (AM) in oral fluid. Oral fluids of eleven drug abusers were provided by Police, specimens were collected by stimulation with a cotton swab treated with 20 mg of citric acid ($Salivette^{(R)}$; Sarstedt, USA). As the preliminary test, oral fluid samples were screened for amphetamines by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (TDxFLx, Abbott Co.). Extraction for MA was performed using solid-phase extraction (SPE) by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, USA) with mixed mode cation exchange cartridge, CLEAN $SCREEN^{(R)}$ (130 mg/3 ml, UCT) after dilution with phosphate buffer. Samples were evaporated and derivatized by pentafluoropropionic acid anhydride (PFPA). Quantitation of MA and AM was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using selective ion monitoring (SIM), the quantitation ions were m/z 204 (MA), 208 (MA-$D_5$), 190 (AM) and 194 (AM-$D_5$). The selectivity, linearity of calibration, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) within- and between day precision, accuracy and recoveries were examined as parts of the method validation. All oral fluid samples gave positive results to immunoassay for MA (cut-off level, 50 ng/ml as d-amphetamine). Concentrations of MA and AM by GC-MS in eleven samples were ranged 104.2${\sim}$4603.3 ng/ml and 32.4${\sim}$268.6 ng/ml, respectively. Extracted calibration curves of MA and AM were linear over the two concentration range of 1${\sim}$100 and 50${\sim}$1000 ng/ml with correlation coefficient of above 0.999. LOQ of MA and AM was 1 and 3 ng/ml, respectively. The intraand inter-day run precisions (CV) for MA and AM were less than 10%, and the accuracies (bias) for MA and AM were also less than 10% at the two different concentrations 5 and 100 ng/ml at low calibration range, 50 and 1000 ng/ml at high calibration range. The absolute recoveries of MA and AM at low and high calibration ranges were more than 82% and 75%, respectively. In this study the qualitative and quantitative analytical method of MA in oral fluid was established. Oral fluid testing may detect drug use in past hours because of its shorter detection window than urine, and be useful in post-accident situations. So oral fluids will be most useful for testing drug abuse in the driving under the influence of drug (DUID) as the alternative specimens of urine.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.206-219
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate nutrient and food choices in gastric cancer patients receiving Cisplatin after surgery. Ten patients were followed from the fist day of the first cycle to the last date of the 6th the cycle of the chemotherapy. The subjects kept daily self record of dietary intake and the period of nausea/vomiting during 6 cycles. Using Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program, the degree of Calorie, carbohydrate, protein, fat and fluid intakes according the chemotherapy period. The reseacher developed food intake rating scale, and then three dietitians analysed the oral intakes according to the type of foods. As the results of this study, during the chemotherapy cancer patients are intakes much fewer calorie, protein and fluids than recommended dietary allowance. Oral intake was worsen as treatment proceed. During the chemotherapy periods most of the patients choose fruits, vegitables, steam rice, porridge, yogurt and the beam soup to overcome nausea and vomiting. In order to promote oral intake for chemotherapy patients, the researcher strongly suggest that indiviual food preform should be considered.