• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2003

Background and Objectives: The Herpes Simplex type 2 Defective Infectious Single Cycle virus (DISC virus) is attenuated virus originally produced as viral vaccines but are also efficient gene transfer vehicle. The main goals of this study were to examine the efficiencies of the gene transfer using DISC vectors for various head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with DISC virus carrying a immunomodulatory genes (GM-CSF) as cancer therapy in a organotopic oral cavity squamous cell cancer model. Materials and Methods : We determinated the gene transfer efficiency of DISC virus by x-gal stain method and proved gene and protein expression of DISC-GMCSF transfected SCCVII cells by RT-PCR and ELISA method. Also we evaluated the ex vivo vaccination effects of SCCVII/GMCSF (DISC-GMCSF transfected SCCVII vaccine) vaccine on preventing the recurrence of micro-residual tumor. After the vaccination of SCCVII/GMCSF, specific cytotoxic T-cell responses was evaluated by CTL assay. Results: At an MOI of 10 DISC virus showed 64-88% of transfection rates in various head and neck squamous cancer cell lines. SCCVII cells transduced by DISC virus vector (MOI=10) carrying the GM-CSF gene, produced 4.5 nanogram quantities of GM-CSF per $10^6$ cells. In vivo vaccination using tumor cells transduced ex vivo with DISC-GMCSF resulted in better protection rate against subsequent tumor recurrence in organotopic oral cavity cancer model. Although tumor free survival rate was not statistically significantly increased in vaccination group (p=0.078), tumor specific cytotocic T-cell responses were significantly increased in SCCVII/GMCSF vaccination group. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that; 1) The DISC virus vector is capable of efficient gene transfer to various head and neck squamous cancer cell lines, 2) GM-CSF secreting genetically modified tumor vaccine (SCCVII/GMCSF) efficiently protected against tumor recurrence in organotopic micro-residual oral cavity cancer model and produced tumor specific cytotoxic T-cell response. DISC virus-mediated, cytokine gene transfer may prove to be useful as a clinical therapy for head and neck cancers.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2009

The purpose of this epidemiologic study was to provide clinically useful information on the fundamentals for both the diagnosis and treatment planning of oral squamous cell carcinoma, which comprises $80{\sim}90%$ of all oral cancers. One hundred and forty two patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma were selected from a total of 220 patients with oral malignancies. The patients' medical and follow-up records were reviewed and their survival was traced. The highest occurrence rate was observed in those aged between 60 and 69 years. The tongue was the most common primary site(31.7%) for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The overall five-year survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients was 66.90%. The 5-year survival rate according to stage was 85.82% for stage I, and 49.98% for stage IV. The five-year survival rate according to the originating site was 91.67% for the retromolar trigone, 75.30% for the tongue, and 62.41% for the maxillary gingiva. In terms of cell differentiation, the majority(58.5%) was the well-differentiated type, which had a 5-year survival rate of 70.62%.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.4175-4179
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• 2016

Background: Oral cavity cancer (OCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. No studies have reported on the prevalence and epidemiologic risk factors of oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) in Thailand. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of OPLs and associated factors in Roi Et Province, Thailand. Materials and Methods: To investigate the prevalence of OPLs, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in which 2,300 subjects over 40 years of age were recruited and screened for the prevalence of OPLs. To identify factors associated with OPLs, a matched case-control study was used in which the subjects were 102 cases with OPL and 102 matched controls without OPLs. The studies were conducted in Roi Et Province during the period 1 February, 2014, to 30 April, 2014, and the data were collected by the use of a structured interview questionnaire and by extraction of information from medical records. Data analyses involved the use of descriptive statistics, McNemar's test, and conditional logistic regression. Results: The overall prevalence of OPLs was 3.8%, and no-one was diagnosed with more than one type of OPL. The factors found to be associated with a statistically significant higher risk of an OPL were betel nut chewing, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The associations with these factors were strong, especially for betel nut chewing and smoking. Conclusions: The habits of betel nut chewing, smoking, and alcohol use are confirmed as factors associated with OPLs in a population of Roi Et Province, Thailand. Campaigns to reduce such risk healthy behaviour are needed, but whether any actual decrease will prevent the eventual transformation of an OPL into an OCC remains an open question.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.212-216
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• 2001

The cervical flap, comprising skin, fascia, and platysma muscle, has significant application in the head and neck region after radical ablative surgery for cancer of the oral cavity. The flap may be used for reconstruction of the cheek, floor of the mouth, and lateral side of the tongue. This flap minimizes donor morbidity by use of cervical operation wound and flap size available is adequate for most oral defects and the procedure is relatively simple and time-saving. However the flap is not applicable in patients where there are large tissue defects and metastasis is suspected. We have used the cervical flap for its rapid, simple, and effective closure of oral defects after cancer ablation and found it is very useful for the reconstruction of relatively small oral defects.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.284-290
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• 2022

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage, with local and/or distal metastasis. Thus, locoregional and/or local control of the primary tumor is crucial for a better prognosis in patients with OSCC. Platelets have long been considered major players in cancer metastasis. Traditional antiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, are thought to be potential chemotherapeutics, but they need to be used with caution because of the increased bleeding risk. Podoplanin (PDPN)-expressing cancer cells can activate platelets and promote OSCC metastasis. However, the reciprocal effect of platelets on PDPN expression in OSCC has not been investigated. In this study, we found that direct contact with platelets upregulated PDPN and integrin β1 at the protein level and promoted invasiveness of human OSCC Ca9.22 cells that express low levels of PDPN. In another human OSCC HSC3 cell line that express PDPN at an abundant level, silencing of the PDPN gene reduced cell invasiveness. Analysis of the public database further supported the co-expression of PDPN and integrin β1 and their increased expression in metastatic tissues compared to normal and tumor tissues of the oral cavity. Taken together, these data suggest that PDPN is a potential target to regulate platelet-tumor interaction and metastasis for OSCC treatment, which can overcome the limitations of traditional antiplatelet drugs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.39-40
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• 2001

The inhibition of carcinogenesis by tea has been demonstrated in animal models on many organ sites. These include cancers of the skin, lung, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, liver, small intestine, pancreas, colon, bladder, prostate, and mammary glands. The most well studied sites are skin and lung.(omitted)

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.39
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• pp.26.1-26.10
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• 2017

Background: The impairment of the appearance is a major problem for patients with carcinomas of the oral cavity. These patients want to recover their preoperative facial appearance. Some do not realize that this is not always possible and hence develop a desire for further cosmetic and reconstructive surgery (CRS) which often causes psychological problems. Method: The desire of patients for CRS (N = 410; 26%) has been acquired in this $D{\ddot{O}}SAK$ rehab study including multiple reasons such as medical, functional, aesthetic and psychosocial aspects. They relate to the parameters of diagnosis, treatment and postoperative rehabilitation. Patients without the wish for CRS (N = 1155; 74%) served as control group. For the surgeons, knowledge of the patient's views is relevant in the wish for CRS. Nevertheless, it has hardly been investigated for patients postoperatively to complete resection of oral cancer. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, questionnaires with 147 variables were completed during control appointments. Thirty-eight departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery took part, and 1652 German patients at least 6 months after complete cancer resection answered the questions. Additionally, a physician's questionnaire (N = 1489) was available. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS vers. 22. Results: The patient's assessment of their appearance and scarring are the most important criteria resulting in wishes for CRS. Furthermore, functional limitations such as eating/swallowing, pain of the facial muscles, numb regions in the operating field, dealing with the social environment, return to work, tumour size and location, removal and reconstruction are closely related. Conclusion: The wish for CRS depends on diverse functional psychosocial and psychological parameters. Hence, it has to be issued during conversation to improve rehabilitation. A decision on the medical treatment can be of greater satisfaction if the surgeon knows the patients' needs and is able to compare them with the medical capabilities. The informed consent between doctor and patient in regard to these findings is necessary.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.421-426
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• 2013

Gardner syndrome, an autosomal dominant inherited condition, is a subtype of familial adenomatous polyposis. It causes lesions in bones, skin, and teeth, as well as multiple gastrointestinal polyps, which, if left untreated, become malignant. Because patients with colorectal cancer have a low survival rate, early diagnosis and treatment of Gardner syndrome is critical. Therefore, the characteristic lesions of Gardner disease that appear on the face, jaws, and oral cavity must be understood; these can be evaluated by oral and maxillofacial clinicians. This report describes a case that was diagnosed and treated earlier with the help of a routine oral and maxillofacial examination and has had a seemingly good prognosis so far.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.87-93
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• 2022

This study was conducted to use as basic data to increase the oral examination rate by analyzing Whether to undergo oral examination and the Factors Affecting the unexamined Oral Examination in Cancer Patients. These factors were analyzed using the results from 376 cancer patients in 7th Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. The data were analyzed complex sample frequency analysis and chi-square analysis, multiple logistic regression by using SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. 38% of cancer patients had oral examination and 62% did not. The Factors Affecting the unexamined Oral Examination increased by 3.641 times in over 70 years of age and by 3.928 times in graduating less than elementary school, by 3.740 times in the low-income group, 2.050 times in less than 2 brushing times a day, by 2.533 times in the chewing-problems group, by 2.746 times in speech problems group. The study results show that the oral examination rate of cancer patients was very low. It is necessary to to expand education on the importance of oral care and oral examination in consideration of oral complications and to actively introduce a customized oral health management program for cancer patients.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2024

This review delved into the intricate relationship between the gastrointestinal microbiome and gastric cancer, particularly focusing on post-treatment alterations, notably following gastrectomy, and the effects of anticancer therapies. Following gastrectomy, analysis of fecal samples revealed an increased presence of oral cavity aerotolerant and bile acid-transforming bacteria in the intestine. Similar changes were observed in the gastric microbiome, highlighting significant alterations in taxon abundance and emphasizing the reciprocal interaction between the oral and gastric microbiomes. In contrast, the impact of chemotherapy and immunotherapy on the gut microbiome was subtle, although discernible differences were noted between treatment responders and non-responders. Certain bacterial taxa showed promise as potential prognostic markers. Notably, probiotics emerged as a promising approach for postgastrectomy recovery, displaying the capacity to alleviate inflammation, bolster immune responses, and maintain a healthy gut microbiome. Several strains, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium butyricum, exhibited favorable outcomes in postoperative patients, suggesting their potential roles in comprehensive patient care. In conclusion, understanding the intricate interplay between the gastrointestinal microbiome and gastric cancer treatment offers prospects for predicting responses and enhancing postoperative recovery. Probiotics, with their positive impact on inflammation and immunity, have emerged as potential adjuncts in patient care. Continued research is imperative to fully harness the potential of microbiome-based interventions in the management of gastric cancer.