• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.719-744
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• 2009

This paper aims to reexamine Homorganic Cluster Lengthening in Late Old English whereby OE short vowels became lengthened before specific consonant clusters such as /-ld, -nd, -mb, -rd, -rð, -ng, -rz/. As for the motivation for this apparently odd-looking sound change, I propose that it was the result of phonologization of the phonetic lengthening of syllables containing resonants homorganic with a following voiced obstruent. Adopting Luick's (1898) view of "resonant+voiced homorganic obstruent" phonologically as a single coda, I show that Homorganic Cluster Lengthening is in fact a natural sound change that can be explained with the proper postulation of a few quantity-related universal constraints within the framework of the Optimality Theory. The fact that the constraints and their ranking as posited in this paper can also account for Pre-Cluster Shortening points to the validity of my approach in the analysis of other quantity changes in Middle English.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.49
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• pp.275-301
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• 2017

Based on the previous analysis by Wanghongjun(2008), this paper applies Optimality Theory (OT) to the field of partial reduplication in Korea to increase its scientific validity. Toward this end, I propose an alternative analysis of Korean partial reduplication, applied as a single process of prefixation. Reduplicated words by prefixation are divided into two types: with a heavy syllable of the stem, and another with the stem. The two types of partial reduplication are closely related by the sound features. In addition, I discussed Chinese partial reduplication from a prefixation perspective within the framework of OT and performed contrastive analysis of Korean and Standard Chinese processes of reduplication by focusing on constrained rankings. As a result, the alternative analysis showed a systematic relationship among the reduplicated words in Korean and Standard Chinese. Lastly, I explained that the coronal /t/ and liquid /l/ have a special functional hierarchy in both languages. This study can be re-explained based on the framework of OT according to a few major constraints, involving MAX-BR, MAX-IO. Their rankings show the adequacy of analysis.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.08c
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• pp.524-527
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• 2004

New concept of hybrid divisible load theory is introduced in this paper. Hybrid system deals with a combination of modularly divisible load and arbitrarily divisible load. Main idea of hybrid divisible load theory is introduced with a simple example. A condition of optimality is derived for the hybrid case.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.338-341
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• 2004

New concept of hybrid divisible load theory is introduced in this paper. Hybrid system deals with a combination of modularly divisible load and arbitrarily divisible load. Main idea of hybrid divisible load theory is introduced with a simple example. A condition of optimality is derived for the hybrid case.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.440-448
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• 2015

In this paper, we study the problem of selfish behavior of secondary users (SUs) based on cognitive radio (CR) with the presence of primary users (PUs). SUs are assumed to contend on a channel using the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and PUs do not consider transmission of SUs, where CSMA/CA protocols rely on the random deference of packets. SUs are vulnerable to selfish attacks by which selfish users could pick short random deference to obtain a larger share of the available bandwidth at the expense of other SUs. In this paper, game theory is used to study the systematic cheating of SUs in the presence of PUs in multichannel CR networks. We study two cases: A single cheater and multiple cheaters acting without any restraint. We identify the Pareto-optimal point of operation of a network with multiple cheaters and also derive the Nash equilibrium of the network. We use cooperative game theory to drive the Pareto optimality of selfish SUs without interfering with the activity of PUs. We show the influence of the activity of PUs in the equilibrium of the whole network.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-75
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• 1986

This article is to analyse the economic efficiency of capital market, which plays a role of resource allocation in terms of financial claims such as stock and bond. It provides various contributions to the welfare theoretical aspects of modern capital market theory. The key feature that distinguishes the theory described here from traditional welfare theory is the presence of uncertainty. Securities has time dimensions and the state and outcome of the future are really uncertain. This problem resulting from this uncertainty can be solved by complete market, but it has a weak power to explain real stock market. Capital Market is faced with the uncertainity because it is a kind of incomplete market. Individuals and firms in capital market made their consumption-investment decision by their own criteria, i. e. the maximization of expected utility form intertemporal consumption and the maximization of the market value of firm. We noted that allocative decisions that had to be made in the economy could be naturally subdivided into two groups. One set of decisions concerned the allocation of first-period resources among consumption $C_i$, investment in risky firms $I_j$, and riskless investment M. The other decisions concern the distribution among individuals of income available in the second period $Y_i(\theta)$. Corresponing to this grouping, the theoretical analysis of efficiency has also been dichotomized. The optimality of the distribution of output in the second period is distributive efficiency" and the optimality of the allocation of first-period resources is 'the efficiency of investment'. We have found in the distributive efficiency that the conditions for attainability is the same as the conditions for market optimality. The necessary and sufficient conditions for attainability or market optimality is that (1) all utility functions are such that -$\frac{{U_i}^'(Y_i)}{{U_i}^"(Y_i)}={\mu}_i+{\lambda}Y_i$-linear risk tolerance function where the coefficients ${\mu}_i$ and $\lambda$ are independent of $Y_i$, and (2) there are homogeneous expectations, i. e. ${\Large f}_i(\theta)={\Large f}(\theta)$ for every i. On the other hand, the efficiency of investment has disagreement about optimal investment level. The investment level for market rule will not generally lead to Pareto-optimal allocation of investment. This suboptimality is caused by (1)the difference of Diamond's decomposable production function and mean-variance valuation model and (2) the selection of exelusive investment or competitive investment. In conclusion, this article has made an analysis of conditions and processes of Pareto-optimal allocation of resources in capital marker and tried to connect with significant issues in modern finance.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.419-423
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• 2013

In this paper we present a robust duality theory for generalized convex programming problems under data uncertainty. Recently, Jeyakumar, Li and Lee [Nonlinear Analysis 75 (2012), no. 3, 1362-1373] established a robust duality theory for generalized convex programming problems in the face of data uncertainty. Furthermore, we extend results of Jeyakumar, Li and Lee for an uncertain multiobjective robust optimization problem.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.375-383
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• 2001

In this paper we deal with the duality theory of optimality for an optimal control problem governed by a class of second order evolution equations. First we establish the dual control systems by using conjugate functions and then associate them to the original optimization problem.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.393-405
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• 2000

Box and Draper( 19(5) listed some properties of a design that should be considered in design selection. But it is impossible that one design criterion from optimal experimental design theory reflects many potential objectives of an experiment, because the theory was originally based on the underlying model and its strict assumption about the error structure. Therefore, when it is neces::;ary to implement multi-objective experimental design. it is common practice to balance out the several optimal design criteria so that each design criterion involved benefits in terms of its relative "high" efficiency. In this study, we proposed several composite design criteria taking the case of heteroscedastic model. WVhen the heteroscedasticity is present in the model. the well known equivalence theorem between 1)- and C-optimality no longer exists and furthermore their design characteristics are sometimes drastically different. We introduced three different design criteria for this purpose: constrained design, combined design, and minimax design criteria. While the first two methods do reflect the prior belief of experimenter, the last one does not take it into account. which is sometimes desirable. Also we extended this method to the case when there are uncertainties concerning the error structure in the model. A simple algorithm and concluslOn follow.On follow.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.168-178
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• 2019

In this paper I discuss a more complicated case of 'It'-Extraposition in English in the Optimality Theory [1] by further modifying and extending the analysis done in Khym (2018) [2] in which only the 'relatively' simple cases of 'It'-Extraposition such as 'CP-Predicate' was dealt with. I show in this paper that the constraints and the constraint hierarchy developed to explain the 'relatively' simple cases of 'It'-Extraposition are no longer valid for the more complicated cases of 'It'-Extraposition in configuration of 'CP-V-CP'. In doing so, I also discuss two important theoretic possibilities and suggest a new view to look at the 'It'-Extraposition: first, the long-bothering question of which syntactic approach between P&P (Chomsky 1985) [3] and MP (Chomsky 1992) [4] should be based on in projecting the full surface forms of candidates may boil down to just a simple issue of an intrinsic property of the Gen(erator). Second, the so-called 'It'- Extraposition phenomenon may not actually be a derived construction by the optional application of Extraposition operation. Rather, it could be just a representational construction produced by the simple application of 'It'-insertion after the structure projection with 'that-clause' at the post-verbal position. This observation may lead to elimination of one of the promising candidates of '$It_i{\ldots}[_{CP}that{\sim}]_i$' out of the computation table in Khym [2], and eventually to excluding the long-named 'It'-Extraposition case from Extrsposition phenomena itself. The final constraints and the constraint hierarchy that are explored are as follows: ${\bullet}$ Constraints: $^*SSF$, AHSubj, Subj., Min-D ${\bullet}$ Constraint Hierarchy: SSF<<>>Subj.>> AHSubj.