• 영어영문학
• /
• 제55권4호
• /
• pp.719-744
• /
• 2009

This paper aims to reexamine Homorganic Cluster Lengthening in Late Old English whereby OE short vowels became lengthened before specific consonant clusters such as /-ld, -nd, -mb, -rd, -rð, -ng, -rz/. As for the motivation for this apparently odd-looking sound change, I propose that it was the result of phonologization of the phonetic lengthening of syllables containing resonants homorganic with a following voiced obstruent. Adopting Luick's (1898) view of "resonant+voiced homorganic obstruent" phonologically as a single coda, I show that Homorganic Cluster Lengthening is in fact a natural sound change that can be explained with the proper postulation of a few quantity-related universal constraints within the framework of the Optimality Theory. The fact that the constraints and their ranking as posited in this paper can also account for Pre-Cluster Shortening points to the validity of my approach in the analysis of other quantity changes in Middle English.

• 비교문화연구
• /
• 제49권
• /
• pp.275-301
• /
• 2017

본 논문은 부분 중첩으로 만들어진 한국어 상징 부사를 대상으로 한 중국 학자 왕홍군(王洪君)의 운율 형태론적 분석의 문제점과 한계를 지적하기 위해 작성되었다. 필자는 왕홍군(王洪君)과는 달리 부분 중첩 현상을 일관되게 접두사화로 가정하고, 접두사 부가 방식에 대한 분류를 시도해 보았으며, 그 결과 어간의 형태, 특히 말음으로 나타나는 소리 자질은 접두사 부가의 양상을 결정하는데 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 표준 중국어 의성어 부분 중첩 현상에서 접두사 부가에 대한 최적성 이론적 분석을 보이고 이를 토대로 한국어와 표준 중국어 의성 의태어의 제약 등급 순위를 대조한 결과 중첩의 적용 양식이 같음을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 두 언어에서 공히 설단음 /t/와 유음 /l/이 특별한 지위를 갖고 있는 이유를 기능론적 관점에서 설명하였다. 이로써 본 논문에서는 최적성 이론의 틀 안에서 중요한 몇 개의 제약과 그들의 특정 등급만으로 다양한 유형의 한국어와 표준 중국어의 부분 중첩 의성 의태어를 쉽게 분석할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
• /
• pp.524-527
• /
• 2004

New concept of hybrid divisible load theory is introduced in this paper. Hybrid system deals with a combination of modularly divisible load and arbitrarily divisible load. Main idea of hybrid divisible load theory is introduced with a simple example. A condition of optimality is derived for the hybrid case.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보통신설비학회 2004년도 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.338-341
• /
• 2004

New concept of hybrid divisible load theory is introduced in this paper. Hybrid system deals with a combination of modularly divisible load and arbitrarily divisible load. Main idea of hybrid divisible load theory is introduced with a simple example. A condition of optimality is derived for the hybrid case.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.440-448
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we study the problem of selfish behavior of secondary users (SUs) based on cognitive radio (CR) with the presence of primary users (PUs). SUs are assumed to contend on a channel using the carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and PUs do not consider transmission of SUs, where CSMA/CA protocols rely on the random deference of packets. SUs are vulnerable to selfish attacks by which selfish users could pick short random deference to obtain a larger share of the available bandwidth at the expense of other SUs. In this paper, game theory is used to study the systematic cheating of SUs in the presence of PUs in multichannel CR networks. We study two cases: A single cheater and multiple cheaters acting without any restraint. We identify the Pareto-optimal point of operation of a network with multiple cheaters and also derive the Nash equilibrium of the network. We use cooperative game theory to drive the Pareto optimality of selfish SUs without interfering with the activity of PUs. We show the influence of the activity of PUs in the equilibrium of the whole network.

• 재무관리연구
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.55-75
• /
• 1986

This article is to analyse the economic efficiency of capital market, which plays a role of resource allocation in terms of financial claims such as stock and bond. It provides various contributions to the welfare theoretical aspects of modern capital market theory. The key feature that distinguishes the theory described here from traditional welfare theory is the presence of uncertainty. Securities has time dimensions and the state and outcome of the future are really uncertain. This problem resulting from this uncertainty can be solved by complete market, but it has a weak power to explain real stock market. Capital Market is faced with the uncertainity because it is a kind of incomplete market. Individuals and firms in capital market made their consumption-investment decision by their own criteria, i. e. the maximization of expected utility form intertemporal consumption and the maximization of the market value of firm. We noted that allocative decisions that had to be made in the economy could be naturally subdivided into two groups. One set of decisions concerned the allocation of first-period resources among consumption $C_i$, investment in risky firms $I_j$, and riskless investment M. The other decisions concern the distribution among individuals of income available in the second period $Y_i(\theta)$. Corresponing to this grouping, the theoretical analysis of efficiency has also been dichotomized. The optimality of the distribution of output in the second period is distributive efficiency" and the optimality of the allocation of first-period resources is 'the efficiency of investment'. We have found in the distributive efficiency that the conditions for attainability is the same as the conditions for market optimality. The necessary and sufficient conditions for attainability or market optimality is that (1) all utility functions are such that -$\frac{{U_i}^'(Y_i)}{{U_i}^"(Y_i)}={\mu}_i+{\lambda}Y_i$-linear risk tolerance function where the coefficients ${\mu}_i$ and $\lambda$ are independent of $Y_i$, and (2) there are homogeneous expectations, i. e. ${\Large f}_i(\theta)={\Large f}(\theta)$ for every i. On the other hand, the efficiency of investment has disagreement about optimal investment level. The investment level for market rule will not generally lead to Pareto-optimal allocation of investment. This suboptimality is caused by (1)the difference of Diamond's decomposable production function and mean-variance valuation model and (2) the selection of exelusive investment or competitive investment. In conclusion, this article has made an analysis of conditions and processes of Pareto-optimal allocation of resources in capital marker and tried to connect with significant issues in modern finance.

• 대한수학회논문집
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.419-423
• /
• 2013

In this paper we present a robust duality theory for generalized convex programming problems under data uncertainty. Recently, Jeyakumar, Li and Lee [Nonlinear Analysis 75 (2012), no. 3, 1362-1373] established a robust duality theory for generalized convex programming problems in the face of data uncertainty. Furthermore, we extend results of Jeyakumar, Li and Lee for an uncertain multiobjective robust optimization problem.

• East Asian mathematical journal
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.375-383
• /
• 2001

In this paper we deal with the duality theory of optimality for an optimal control problem governed by a class of second order evolution equations. First we establish the dual control systems by using conjugate functions and then associate them to the original optimization problem.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.393-405
• /
• 2000

원래 최적실험의 이론은 주어진 모형과 그에 따른 가정에 기초하여 발달되었기 때문에 하나의 최적실험기준이 실험이 가족 있는 여러 목적을 모두 반영하는 것이 무리이다. 따라서 실험자가 다목적 실험기준의 필요성을 느끼는 경우에는 종종 여러 최적실험 기준들의 균형을 이루는 방법을 통해 이러한 문제가 다루어진다. 본 연구에서는 이 분산 구조를 가지고 있는 모형을 예를 들어 복합적인 실험기준들을 알아본다. 왜냐하면 이분산인 경우 D-최적과 G-최적실험간의 동격이론은 더 이상 성립되지 않음에 따라 두 실험기준의 특징은 현격하게 구분되어지기 때문이다. 제약조건최적실험, 결합최적실험, 그리고 minimax 설험방법을 통한 실험기준들간의 균형을 꾀하여 보았다. 처음 두 방법은 실험자의 주관이 반영되어 실제적으로 매우 세심한 주의가 필요한 반면, minimax는 그러한 점을 해소하였다고 본다. 또한 이를 확장하여 오차의 이분산 구조에 대한 불확실성이 존재할 때 적용될수 있는 두 가지 실험기준도 마련하여 보았다. 간단한 알고리즘과 결어를 첨부하였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.168-178
• /
• 2019

In this paper I discuss a more complicated case of 'It'-Extraposition in English in the Optimality Theory [1] by further modifying and extending the analysis done in Khym (2018) [2] in which only the 'relatively' simple cases of 'It'-Extraposition such as 'CP-Predicate' was dealt with. I show in this paper that the constraints and the constraint hierarchy developed to explain the 'relatively' simple cases of 'It'-Extraposition are no longer valid for the more complicated cases of 'It'-Extraposition in configuration of 'CP-V-CP'. In doing so, I also discuss two important theoretic possibilities and suggest a new view to look at the 'It'-Extraposition: first, the long-bothering question of which syntactic approach between P&P (Chomsky 1985) [3] and MP (Chomsky 1992) [4] should be based on in projecting the full surface forms of candidates may boil down to just a simple issue of an intrinsic property of the Gen(erator). Second, the so-called 'It'- Extraposition phenomenon may not actually be a derived construction by the optional application of Extraposition operation. Rather, it could be just a representational construction produced by the simple application of 'It'-insertion after the structure projection with 'that-clause' at the post-verbal position. This observation may lead to elimination of one of the promising candidates of '$It_i{\ldots}[_{CP}that{\sim}]_i$' out of the computation table in Khym [2], and eventually to excluding the long-named 'It'-Extraposition case from Extrsposition phenomena itself. The final constraints and the constraint hierarchy that are explored are as follows: ${\bullet}$ Constraints: $^*SSF$, AHSubj, Subj., Min-D ${\bullet}$ Constraint Hierarchy: SSF<<>>Subj.>> AHSubj.