• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2001

목적: 공기 정복술은 조작이 간단하고 정복 시간이 빠르며 방사선 노출 시간이 짧고 천공 이환률이 낮다는 장점이 있다. 장중첩증 치료에 정복술에 실패한 경우 수술적 치료를 하게 되는데 대부분은 장절제 없이 단순 도수 정복만으로 치료되는 경우가 많으며 상당수에서는 이미 정복된 상태로 발견되기도 한다. 일차 공기 정복술에 실패한 장중첩증 환자에서 반복 지연 정복술을 시행하여 그 유용성 및 안전성을 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: 1998년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 일차 공기 정복술을 시행하여 실패한 환자 중 복막염, 쇼크, 독성 증상이 없는 임상적으로 안정된 21명을 대상으로 1시간에서 3시간(평균 2.2 시간)후에 이차 지연 정복을 시행하였다. 결과: 정복술 시행 전 환자들의 증상 및 징후의 지속 시간은 6~48시간이었으며 평균 24시간이었다. 일차 정복 후 1~3시간 후(평균 2.2 시간)에 이차 지연 정복술을 시행하였고 76.2% (21례 중 16례)에서 성공적으로 정복되었으며 나머지 5례는 수술적 치료를 하였다. 이중 4례는 도수 정복되었으며 1례는 자연 정복되어 있었다. 결론: 초기 정복에 실패한 장중첩증 환자에서 임상적으로 안정적일 경우 시간 간격을 두고 반복지연 정복술을 시행하는 것은 불필요한 수술의 빈도를 줄일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.676-682
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 빗물과 중수를 연계하여 각각의 단점을 극복하고 장점을 극대화 할 수 있는 빗물-저농도 오수 하이브리드 시스템을 설계하고 서울대학교에 설치하여 수량 및 수질 모니터링과 경제성을 평가하였다. 건물에서 발생하는 오수 중세면, 샤워용수를 중수로 선택하여 침지형 분리막과 오존산화 처리하였으며, 건물 옥상에서 집수된 빗물은 저류 후 처리수조로 이송되어 처리된 저농도 오수와 혼합되어 변기 세척용수로 공급하였다. 변기 세척용수 $3,979m^3$ 중 65%인 $2,599m^3$를 빗물 이용과 저농도 오수를 재이용하였다. 빗물은 총대장균을 제외한 나머지 항목에서 중수도 수질 기준을 만족하였으며, 저농도 오수는 탁도, SS, BOD, 총대장균이 기준치를 초과하여 침지형 분리막과 오존산화 처리하여 안정적인 수질을 유지하였다. 경제성 분석 결과, 빗물-저농도 오수 하이브리드 시스템은 B/C (Benefit-Cost Ratio) 비율이 1.11으로 사업의 타당성이 있다고 판단된다. 물 재이용시설의 이용확대를 위해 시설 운영에 따른 경제성을 높이기 위한 다양한 연구 및 정책적 지원이 필요하다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.980-989
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• 2009

본 연구는 황벽으로부터 추출하는 염료를 가스 크로마토그라피 질량분석기로 분석할 때 berberine 색소를 가장 효과적으로 검출할 수 있도록 추출방법을 표준화하고 적절한 GC-MS 분석방법을 찾는데 목적을 둔다. 항온진탕기와 가열판을 이용한 다양한 추출법을 적용하였으며 GC 컬럼내 온도조작과 MSD 스캔범위에 따라 5종류의 GC-MS 분석방법의 유효성을 검사하였다. Berberine 표준색소와 추출염료 내 berberine 화합물의 유무는 r.t. 15.0분에서 dihydroberberine의 검출로 확인하였다. 가열판 추출이 항온진탕기 추출보다 더 효과적으로 나타났으며 이는 추출 전 실온에서 사전침지를 한 경우와 하지 않은 경우 모두 동일하였다. 물을 이용한 추출은 berberine 검출에 적합하지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구에서 도입한 다섯가지 GC-MS 방법 중 berberine 검출에 가장 효과적인 방법은 Method 4였으며 그 조건은, GC 컬럼내초기온도를 $50^{\circ}C$로 하고 $23^{\circ}C$/분 비율로 온도를 올려 $210^{\circ}C$에 달하면 다시 $30^{\circ}C$/분 비율로 온도를 올려 최종온도 $305^{\circ}C$에 도달했을 때 14분간 온도를 그대로 유지하여 전체 분리시간을 24.12분으로 하며 질량 분석기의 스캔 범위는 $35\sim400$m/z로 하는 것이다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2001

Purpose: We have carried out prospective randomized clinical trial to compare survival benefit and side effect among three postoperative adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens in serosa-negative gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Total 317 cases were recognized as serosa negative and randomized into three groups at operating room. Out of them, 172 cases were excluded because of various reasons and 135 cases were analyzed finally; Group A 36 cases, Group B 49 cases, Group C 50 cases. Group A were treated with intravenous FP combination therapy, group B with MF combination therapy and group C with oral $UFT^{(R)}$ (mixture of Tegafur and Uracil) for one year. The median follow-up period was 30 months. Results: $88.9\%$ of Group A, $83.7\%$ of Group B and $90.4\%$ of Group C received adequate chemotherapy. The complication rates of Group A ($44.4\%$) was significantly higher than group B ($20.4\%$) and group C ($24.0\%$)(P<0.05). Most frequent complications were nausea and vomiting. The 3-year survival rates and disease-free survival rates were $92.2\%$ and $89.9\%$ respectively (Group A: $96.6\%,\;87.8\%$, B: $90.3\%,\;87.7\%$, C: $95.7\%,\;93.8\%$). There were no significant differences in survival rate and disease-free survival rate among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study might suggest that the survival benefit of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and therefore it may be a useful adjunct tool for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in combination with other conventional techniques.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 1991

Twenty eight patients had undergone repair of an isolated complete atrioventricular septal defect between April 1986 and September 1990 in Seoul National University Children`s Hospital. The group comprised 13 male and 15 female patients. They ranged in age from 2 months to 8 years[mean 18.6months] and in weight from 3. 4kg to 23kg[mean 9.0$\pm$4.6kg]. They were analysed as Rastelli type A in 17 patients, Rastelli type B in 2 patients, and Rastelli type C in 9 patients. Seven patients had concomitant Down`s syndrome. All patients had large left-to-right shunt[mean pulmonary to systemic flow ratio 3.5 $\pm$2.2 ranging from 0.68 to 10.0] and high pulmonary systolic pressure[mean 74$\pm$18.8mmHg, ranging from 35 to 110]. In 11 patients, one patch technique was used to close the atrial and ventricular septal defect and 16 patients were undergone by two patch technique. We urgently managed only one patient by pulmonary artery banding whose anatomy was Rastelli type C and severe mitral regurgitation was identified. Postoperative complete A - V block was noted in 3 patients, two of whom were dead in operating room due to combined LVOTO and myocardial failure, and one patient with Rastelli type C was undergone by VVI type permanent pacemaker insertion 1wk later after two patch technique, but we had to manage him by modified Konno operation and total correction due to LVOTO and VSD leakage and severe mitral regurgitation 3 years later. Another two reoperation cases due to severe mitral regurgitation after two patch technique were undergone, one of whom we managed by mitral annuloplasty 3 months later but aggravated mitral regurgitation made us to control him by MVR 3 months later. Another one case of VSD leakage and tricuspid regurgitation was managed by total correction but she died of respiratory insufficiency 14 days later. We experienced pulmonary hypertensive crisis in 3 patients, who were dead in two cases comparing with one control case. So operative mortality is 9/27[33.6%], in one patch group of 3/11[29.2%] comparing with two patch group of 6/16[37.5%]. In summary, causes of death were pump weaning failure, myocardial failure and low cardiac output syndrome and pulmonary hypertensive crisis, resp. failure, complete AV block. Mean follow up period is 15.8$\pm$10.7 months[ranging from 3months to 37 months]

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 1987

Sixty-eight consecutive patients have been subjected to total corrective surgery of tetralogy of Fallot at the Hanyang University Hospital between August 1975 and December 1984. Of these, the pressure of chambers and great arteries were measured, before and immediately following an operation in 39 of the survived group and 11 of the expired group. The values of postoperative peak pressure were correlated with the outcome of the operation. The result are as followings; 1] Compared to the average peak pressure of right atrium in the survived group, 14.46*4.16 mmHg, that in the expired group, 19.36*8.19 mmHg, was significantly lower, 2] Compared to the average systolic pressure of right ventricle in the survived group, 56.72z16.37 mmHg, that in the expired group, 70.45*15.26 mmHg, was significantly lower. 3] Compared to the average systolic pressure of pulmonary artery in the survived group, 33.26*12.95 mmHg, that in the expired group, 37.55*11.63 mmHg, was higher. But the difference was not significant. 4] Compared to the average peak pressure of left atrium in the survived group, 17.41*6.90 mmHg, that in the expired group, 31.18*12.47 mmHg, was significantly higher. 5] Compared to the average systolic pressure of left ventricle in the survived group, 103.82~12.83 mmHg, that in the expired group, 90.55*20.02 mmHg, was significantly lower. 6] Compared to the average value of the right ventricle-pulmonary artery systolic pressure gradient [RV-PA] in the survived group, 24.95a15.44 mmHg, that in the expired group, 35.09*17.01 mmHg, was significantly higher. 7] Compared to the average value of the right ventricle to left ventricle systolic pressure ratio [RV/LV] in the survived group, 0.55*0.15, that in the expired group, 0.80a0.20, was significantly higher. 8] Compared to the average value of the pulmonary artery-left atrium peak pressure gradient [PA-LA] in 15.85x12.29 mmHg that in the expired group, 4.18x6.00 mmHg, was significantly lower. It is, therefore, suggested that in the operating room, PA-LA is as valuable as RV - PA, RV/LV in making important surgical decision and predicting the prognosis.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.69-86
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• 2007

이 연구는 중소기업분야 특성화 전문계 고등학교의 운영실태를 조사, 분석하기 위해서 수행된 것으로, 중소기업분야 특성화 전문계 고등학교로 선정된 29개교의 특성화 담당교사와 면담 및 전화 인터뷰를 통하여 자료를 수집, 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 29개교 중소기업분야 특성화 전문계 고등학교는 제조업기반기술과 제조업 지원업종으로 특성화하고 있으나 제조업 기반기술 분야가 79%로 큰 비중을 차지하고 있었다. 둘째, 신입생 지원 현황은 2006, 2007년 모두 1.01의 경쟁률로 비교적 낮게 나타났다. 셋째, 전체교원 중 여교사가 차지하는 비율은 32%였으나 보직교사이상에서는 14%로 매우 낮았다. 넷째, 실험 실습실은 확보율은 94%로 비교적 안정적이었고, 기자재 보유율은 76.4%로 조금 낮았다. 마지막으로 다른 사업 추진 현황을 분석한 결과 72.4%의 학교가 다른 사업과 병행하고 있었다. 따라서 중소기업분야 특성화 전문계 고등학교 육성 방향은 다른 사업과의 차별성에 중점을 두고 이루어져야 한다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.478-484
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• 2018

Objective : Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) was the third most common cause of death in South Korea in 2014. Evidence from abroad suggests that comprehensive stroke centers play an important role in improving the mortality rate of stroke. However, surgical treatment for CVD is currently slightly neglected by national policy, and there is still regional imbalance in this regard. For this reason, we conducted a survey on the necessity of, and the requirements for, establishing regional comprehensive cerebrovascular surgery centers (CCVSCs). Methods : This investigation was performed using the questionnaire survey method. The questionnaire was consisted with two sections. The first concerned the respondent's opinion regarding the current status of demand and the regional imbalance of cerebrovascular surgery in South Korea. The second section asked about the requirements for establishing regional CCVSCs. We sent the questionnaire to 100 board members of the Korean Society of Cerebrovascular Surgeons. Results : Most experts agreed that cerebrovascular surgery patients were concentrated in large hospitals in the capital area, and 83.6% of respondents agreed that it was necessary to alleviate the regional imbalance of cerebrovascular surgery. With regards to personnel, over 90% of respondents answered that at least two neuro-vascular surgeons and two neuro-interventionists are necessary to establish a CCVSC. Regarding facilities, almost all respondents stated that each CCVSC would require a neuro-intensive care unit and hybrid operating room. The survey asked the respondents about 13 specific neurovascular surgical procedures and whether they were necessary for a regional CCVSC. In the questions about the necessity of cerebrovascular surgical equipment, all seven pieces of equipment were considered essential by all respondents. A further five pieces of equipment were considered necessary on site: computed tomographic angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, conventional angiography, surgical microscope, and surgical navigation. Our results may provide a basis for future policy regarding treatment of cerebrovascular disease, including surgery. Conclusion : Raising the comprehensiveness of treatment at a regional level would lower the national disease burden. Policies should be drafted regarding comprehensive treatment including surgery for cerebrovascular disease, and related support plans should be implemented.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.410-410
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• 2013

Next-generation nonvolatile memory (NVM) has attracted increasing attention about emerging NVMs such as ferroelectric random access memory, phase-change random access memory, magnetic random access memory and resistance random access memory (RRAM). Previous studies have demonstrated that RRAM is promising because of its excellent properties, including simple structure, high speed and high density integration. Many research groups have reported a lot of metal oxides as resistive materials like TiO2, NiO, SrTiO3 and ZnO [1]. Among them, the ZnO-based film is one of the most promising materials for RRAM because of its good switching characteristics, reliability and high transparency [2]. However, in many studies about ZnO-based RRAMs, there was a problem to get lower current level for reducing the operating power dissipation and improving the device reliability such an endurance and an retention time of memory devices. Thus in this paper, we investigated that highly reproducible bipolar resistive switching characteristics of W doped ZnO RRAM device and it showed low resistive switching current level and large ON/OFF ratio. This may be caused by the interdiffusion of the W atoms in the ZnO film, whch serves as dopants, and leakage current would rise resulting in the lowering of current level [3]. In this work, a ZnO film and W doped ZnO film were fabricated on a Si substrate using RF magnetron sputtering from ZnO and W targets at room temperature with Ar gas ambient, and compared their current levels. Compared with the conventional ZnO-based RRAM, the W doped ZnO ReRAM device shows the reduction of reset current from ~$10^{-6}$ A to ~$10^{-9}$ A and large ON/OFF ratio of ~$10^3$ along with self-rectifying characteristic as shown in Fig. 1. In addition, we observed good endurance of $10^3$ times and retention time of $10^4$ s in the W doped ZnO ReRAM device. With this advantageous characteristics, W doped ZnO thin film device is a promising candidates for CMOS compatible and high-density RRAM devices.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.426-433
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• 2009

배경: 최근 신생아기에 선천성 심질환을 심폐우회술을 이용해서 성공적인 조기 교정을 하는데 있어서 상당한 진전이 이루어졌다. 이 연구의 목적은 체외순환 하에서의 신생아 개심술의 조기 성적을 알아보는 것이다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 2월부터 2007년 12월까지 55명의 신생아에서 개심슬을 시행하였다. 술전 상태, 수술 방법, 술후 이병률과 사망률을 알아보기 위해서 후향적인 조사를 하였다. 평균 연령과 체중은 각각 13.5일, 3.2 kg이었다. 진단은 대 혈관전위 14예, 전폐정맥연결이상 7예, 큰 심실 중격결손 7예, 심실중격결손이 동반된 대등맥축착 6예, 대동맥궁단절 5예 및 기타 16예로 분포되어 있었다. 결과: 평균 대동맥차단시간은 62.2분이었다. 심도 저체온하 완전순환정지(평균 기간 22.5분)는 6예에서 적용되었다. 술후 체외순환의 이탈이 어려웠던 경우가 6예 있었다. 흉골을 봉합하지 못하고 수술실을 나왔던 환아가 4명 있었다. 저심박출증과 급성 신부전이 각각 3예씩 있었다. 평균 인공 호흡기 사용기간은 70.5시간, 평균 집중치료실 재원기간은 14.9일이었다. 술후 합병증은 27명(49.1%)에서 나타났다. 술후 평균 추적관찰 기간은 23.8개월이었다. 술후 사망률은 12.7% (7예)였는데, 조기 병원사망예가 5예, 만기 사망예가 2예였다. 결론: 최근 본원에서의 체외순환을 이용한 신생아기 개심술의 조기 성적은 비교적 양호하였다. 향후 장기 생존과 만기 합병증을 알아보기 위해서 더 긴 추적 관찰을 요한다.