• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.73-83
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• 2016

Purpose - The parcel delivery service(courier) industry all over the world has been expanding its market so far, but its growth has been declining in recent years. In this situation, most parcel delivery companies are having trouble with managing themselves because of the pressure from the customer to increase service level and decrease the rate. The purpose of this study is to provide ways to improve competitive advantages of the parcel delivery service industry by evaluating the multi-period operating efficiency of Korea, Japan and global service providers. Research design, data, and methodology - The data for the period of 2011 to 2014 were collected from the annual reports published by parcel delivery companies. In this study, we analyze the marketability (revenue), profitability (operating profits), and management conditions (net profits) of parcel service companies by combining information on human resources (number of employees) and material resources (total assets and equity). Therefore, the number of employees, total assets, and equity are selected as input variables, and revenue, operating profits, and net profits as the output variables. In this study, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) is used to measure the comparative efficiency and MPI (Malmquist Productivity Index) is used to analyze the trend of change of the efficiency for a multi-year period. Results - The operational efficiency scores of medium-sized parcel delivery companies in Korea are higher than other larger competitors such as Korean, Japan and Global larger companies. As of 2014, Logen(1.878) was found to be the most efficient parcel delivery enterprise, followed by KGB (1.224), and Kyoungdong(1.002). Otherwise, Hanjin(0.235), CJ(0.262), Hyundai Logistics(0.657), DHL(0.611), UPS(0.766), FedEx(0.498), TNT(0.350), Yamato(0.762) and Sagawa(0.520), larger sized companies, were done inefficiently. The productivity of parcel delivery companies is influenced by endogenous factors as well as exogenous ones such as changes in business environment and technological advances. Conclusions - Korean medium-sized companies have relatively high efficiency scores in operation. That is why they still survive the competitive market in Korea where market restructuring on the industry has been expected to be conducted for many years. The reason why medium-sized couriers had higher efficient scores than larger couriers is that most of couriers spend more operating expenses versus unit price of delivery which is the amount of money that is needed in order to send a package by parcel service. So the delivery unit price must be taken into account by all the expenses associated with the cost of fuel, labor and maintenance expenses for facilities, etc. therefore, the unit price must be increased to strengthen business competitive power. In order for the industry to have more competitive advantage, the companies need to make profits by increasing demand volume and raising the delivery rate to provide high-quality delivery service to customers. And both endogenous and exogenous change must take precedence in order to strengthen their competitiveness.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2051-2057
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• 2008

This paper is a feasibility study on the calculation of operating cost in regards to the overall operation following the completion of a number of LRT lines currently in progress. Owing to the absence of operating experience in driveless LRT system at home, the difficulties lie in the assumption of the optimal operating budget applying domestic real situation. Nevertheless, with 34 years of accumulated operating experience in heavy rail transit system, Seoul Metro, the nation's biggest urban rail transit operator, performs O&M consultancy services for several on-going projects along with every effort to acquire know-how where the appropriateness of the cost estimation as a required deliverable is reviewed and a more efficient way is provided. The main focus of this study is to seek a method to calculate the optimal amount of operating expenses as well as a cost-effective alternative for possible weaknesses from the standpoint of the operator. The body of this paper discusses the five issues such as personnel cost, overhead, maintenance cost, additional purchase price, alternative investment fee from a more macroscopic point of view, and the conclusion deals with the adequacy of the reason for selection of institutions with various operating know-how.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.85-105
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• 1999

The main purpose of this article is to analyze the managerial performance of small and medium-size hospitals that are specialized in certain areas of medical services. Data of 189 hospitals were obtained from the data file of Korea Institute of Health Services Management The items include general characteristics of the hospitals, fianancial reports, and utilization records. Degree of specialization is measured by concentration(Herfindahl) index, and the sample hospitals are accordingly classified into specialized and unspecialized groups, by means of cluster analysis. These groups are compared in terms of various measures of managerial performance, which include several profitability indices such as operating margin, return on assets(ROA), and return on equity(ROE). To examine the relationship between specialization and managerial performance, we estimate the regression model, where the profitability indices are used as the dependent variables and the concentration index as the independent variable, controlling for the hospital characteristics such as size, type and location. Also, we perform 'Du Pont' analysis, to investigate the basic elements that can explain the differences in profitability between specialized and unspecialized hospitals. Major findings are as follows: 1. Managerial performance is better for the specilized hospitals than the unspecilized, in all aspects of profitability(operating margin, ROA, ROE). 2. Regression analysis suggests that there is a positive, statistically significant relationship beween the degree of specialization(i.e. concentration) and hospital profitability. 3. Main reason for the higher profitability of specialized hospitals lies in lower expenses rather than higher revenue. 4. In particular, personnel and material expenses are significantly smaller for the specialized hospitals, and this result seems to stem from the efficiency of operating fewer lines of business.(some kind of 'economies of scale') 5. Specialized hospitals also have fewer employees compared with the unspecialized, especially in administrative departments, which implies their efficient personnel management.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.155-166
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• 2008

The Equipment Expenses section of the Poom-Saem that is used for Construction Cost Estimation of public sectors in Korea has been rarely revised, and so does not reflect changes of Construction Equipment technology and construction methods, since it was established based on data from Japan and the U.S in the early 1960s. In order to make reasonable estimation of equipment expenses for a bulldozer and a loader, the domestic and overseas documentary records were investigated. Further, 16 construction sites were visited, and 20 Construction Equipment leasing services were surveyed. The optimum level of each item which consists of equipment costs was revealed based on the result of the analysis on the figures of equipment costs calculation from the Poom-Saem and the collected data. The research will be the foundation for applying the rapid development of Construction Equipment and technology to the appropriate cost estimations and the ground work of related studies.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to develop performance measurement indicators in S Hospital, which is the largest component of Y Medical Center which implemented the Responsible Management System in 1993. To begin, strategic initiatives for S Hospital were reestablished based on Y Medical Center's goals and objectives. The BSC(Balanced Scorecard) was used to develop performance measurement indicators after validity checks by specialists. The results were that total 16 indicators were developed to measure performance for strategic initiatives. Those included the growth rate of patient revenues, operating profit to gross revenues, reduction rate in administrative expenses from a financial perspective; average medical expenses per adjusted patient, patient satisfaction survey for inpatients and outpatients and emergency room patients, return rate for treatment results from the customer's perspective; reduction rate in average length of hospital stay, expenses for lost cases of medical disputes, rate for contracted employees, the number of published reports per faculty member from an internal perspective; educational expenses for training medical staff and full time employees, adjusted patient per medical staff, and the number of cases implemented which were proposed by employees. Any organization needs to have its own explicit objectives to grow and develop and it is absolutely necessary to measure performance to accomplish them. The performance measurement indicators developed by this study are expected to be used as a tool to attain the objectives of S Hospital.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.155-162
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• 2002

In this research, I finally came to a conclusion analyzing the connection among managing of each items in management expenses, the size of each complex and stories, and the term of using. (1) In the managing cost regarding to the management manner, although the managing cost of self-governing management is less imposed than the one of commission management, there is slight difference between those Costs. And it is more important to consider the effectiveness of management than to emphasize reduction of management cost. (2) The higher the stories, the higher the managing cost of elevator per the unit area. It Is caused by the fact that the father the distance of the elevator operating, the higher the electric charges. (3) The third of one of total management cost goes to pay the personnel expenses. So I found that the effective management of the expenses is available to reduce management cost. (4) The higher the stones, the lower the cost of personnel expenses including the cleaner cost. (5) The sum of costs assigned in repairment and management increases in proportion to the term of using. The costs assigned in special repairment and management are interacting to each other. (6) To reduce the management cost, we have to cut down the personnel in security guard that occupies one third of total management cost with application to the joint security system and operation of the self-governing guard. Through this process, it will be easy to accomplish the rationalization of contract with an outside order. Because the improvement of management service is not only the responsibility of owner but also the one of dwellers. And it Is imperative to realize the importance of cooperation and trust between the owner and dwellers. And the establishment of effective managing system which has convenience and rationality must be settled without delay.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.55-65
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• 2015

An increase in patients' medical expenses for their injury. accident and intoxication is a major challenge to improve the sustain-ability of a national health security system, and increasing medical expenses need be suppressed through improving relevant systems and/or efficiently operating and managing the health insurance. At this juncture, in Korea which has a high rate of injury incidence and mortality, it is necessary to estimate social and/or economic costs for injuries with a focus on their social effects. This research has examined the results of a Korea medical panel investigation conducted in 2008, which largely surveyed of the actual conditions of outpatients' medical use for their injury, accident and/or intoxication and investigated relevant medical expenses, with a view to estimating the directly incurred costs when the patients use medical services and the production loss costs caused by an production decline and others, so that social and/or economic costs for injuries may be ultimately aggregated.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.38-54
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• 2020

This study examines the time causal relationship between the operation profit of the listed fashion companies and the macro variables. Operating profit data of 36 listed fashion companies from 2000 to 2017 has been used. Macro variables include household income, household expenditure, number of Korean overseas travelers, number of foreigner travelers and sentiment index. The study results are as follows. First, the number of outbound travelers from Korea has a negative effect on the operating profit of listed fashion companies; however the number of foreigner visiting Korea has a positive effect at 0 time lag. Second, the consumer sentiment index had a positive effect on the sales and the operating profits of the listed fashion companies with a time difference between the 3rd and the 4th quarter. Third, a disposable income has a positive effect on the operating profit of listed fashion companies. Last, educational expenses have a negative effect on operating profit with a time lag between the first and the second quarter. The findings can be used as useful information to analyze the fashion industry and help fashion companies improve their financial performances.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.19 no.2 s.20
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• pp.213-223
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• 1986

Ratio analysis allows a hospital to evaluate its own performance over time and to compare its performance with that of other hospitals. For this study, three types of ratio analysis were conducted based on some data on hospitals in Massachusetts. First, Key ratios influencing financial performance were identified using discriminant analysis. Second, the financial structures of the teaching and the non-teaching hospitals were compared using ratios and multiple comparison method. Third, the effects of the prospective reimbursement law of the state on financial performance were examined using ratios and paired t-test. The purpose of the law is to reduce hospital costs by setting the revenue ceiling prior to the effective budget year. The findings of this study were as follows: 1) When hospitals were divided into three groups, according to their operating income, only profitability ratios showed a consistent difference among the groups. 2) In the discriminant analysis, five ratios were selected: current ratio, operating margin, return on assets, fixed assets turnover, and inventory turnover. They are the key ratios to be monitored periodically for the purpose of evaluating the financial performance of hospitals. 3) When teaching hospitals were compared with non-teaching hospitals, acid ratio, days of cash on hand, and inventory turnover were statistically significant before the law went into effect, whereas only fixed assets turnover and inventory turnover were significant afterward. Contrary to previous studies, profitability ratios of teaching hospitals were higher than those of non-teaching hospitals, although the differences were not statistically significant. 4) When the ratios between the two periods (before and after the law) were compared, three profitability ratios (operating margin, return on assets, and return on equity) were significant for teaching hospitals, whereas three activity ratios (total assets turnover, fixed assets turnover, current assets turnover) were significant for non-teaching hospitals. Furthermore, while both total operating revenue and expenses were decreased, net operating income was increased, due to a greater decrease in total operating expenses. This shows that the law can indeed, simultaneously, achieve both a reduction in costs as well as an improvement in the financial situation of hospitals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.39-44
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• 2001

An instance of domestic exhibition facility building case, the shortage of managing personal in construction resulted serious issue on expenses, times, quality, and safty with no satisfaction on its process and result. According to subject's speciality the CM's application methods are varied and because of its speciality, overall process of building an exhibition facility operating by its owner. This study intends to exam a application possibility of CM on exhibition facility construction to make smooth communication among varied area that following to exhibition facility construction.