• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.37-45
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• 2018

An electric vehicle is an environmentally friendly vehicle because there is no exhaust gas, unlike gasoline automobiles. On the other hand, because the electric vehicle is driven by electric power charged in batteries, the distance to go through a single charge depends on the energy density of the batteries. Therefore, a lithium-ion battery with a high energy density is a good candidate for batteries in electric vehicles. Because the electrode is an essential component that governs the efficiency of a lithium-ion battery, the electrode manufacturing process plays a vital role in the entire production process of lithium-ion batteries. In particular, the drying process during the electrode manufacturing process is a critical process that has a significant influence on the performance. This paper proposes an innovative process for improving the efficiency and productivity of the drying process in electrode manufacturing and describe the equipment design method and development results. In particular, the design procedure and development method for enhancing the electrode adhesion power, atmospheric pressure superheated steam drying technology, and drying furnace slimming technologies are presented. As a result, high-speed drying technology was developed for battery electrodes through the world's first turbo dryer technology for mass production using open/integrated atmospheric pressure superheated steam. Compared to the conventional drying process, the drying furnace improved the productivity (Dry Lead Time $0.7min{\rightarrow}0.5min$).

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2018

The advancement and the spread of information and communication technology (ICT) changes the way we live and act. Computer and ICT devices become smaller and invisible, and they are now virtually everywhere in the world. Many socio-economic activities are now subject to the use of computer and ICT devices although we don't really recognize it. Various socio economic activities supported by digital devices leave digital records, and a myriad of these records becomes what we call'big data'. Big data differ from conventional data we have collected and managed in that it holds more detailed information of socio-economic activities. Thus, they offer not only new insight for our society and but also new opportunity for policy analysis. However, the use of big data requires development of new methods and tools as well as consideration of institutional issues such as privacy. The goals of this research are twofold. Firstly, it aims to understand the opportunities and challenges of using big data for planning support. Big data indeed is a big sum of microscopic and dynamic data, and this challenges conventional analytical methods and planning support tools. Secondly, it seeks to suggest ways of visualizing such spatial big data for planning support. In this regards, this study attempts to develop a dynamic visualization model and conducts an experimental case study with mobile phone big data for the Jeju island. Since the off-the-shelf commercial software for the analysis of spatial big data is not yet commonly available, the roles of open source software and computer programming are important. This research presents a pilot model of dynamic visualization for spatial big data, as well as results from them. Then, the study concludes with future studies and implications to promote the use of spatial big data in urban planning field.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.575-605
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• 2007

Korea's tidelands policy IS examined and criticized in the paper. Korea's major tidelands in the west coast might disappear within a decade. The anachronistic development IS driven by the political interest group, forming coalition for reclamation and busily fulfilling its own profits under the facade of public good and regional development. But all regions of the world have been gradually scrapping the massive reclamation projects since the 1970's and active movements to reverse the reclamation and restore the nature are on the rise. In 1978, the U.S. Supreme Court decided to suspend the construction of the dam and to protect the snail darter despite that over 100 million dollars had been injected. This court ruling became famous and caused the American public to change their perception about the environment. In the Netherlands, following a prolonged discussion on pros and cons of reclamation, open type seawall was adopted to strike a balance among the available alternatives. Japan's Ministry of Environment was praised for forming the National Wetland Committee in order to designate 20 new Ramsar sites by 2008, with an objective to reach 33 designated Ramsar sites. Away from the large-scale reclamation projects, Korea has to move towards smaller-scale projects focusing on the knowledege intensive and circular economy society that are more in harmony with the environment.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.400-416
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• 2010

China's inbound tourism became one of the key drivers for economic growth with open-door policy in 1978 and has experienced the fast growth over the past three decades. In 2008, China, as one of the world's leading tourist destinations, is ranked the 4th globally in the number of inbound overnight tourists. Based on China tourism statistics, this paper aims to examine the growth of inbound tourist flows at the national level and the changing spatial distribution by comparing between 1995 and 2008 at the regional level (31 province-level regions) in China. In particular, the spatial distributions of tourist flows from the 6 main generating countries (South Korea, Japan, Singapore, U.S.A., Germany, and Russia) are more concretely analyzed. For five countries except Russia, with slight differences by country, while the eastern area of China is still the most popular destination and western part remains the least visited area, the central part is witnessing the increasing popularity. Russia shows an obvious difference, presenting the spatial pattern that tourist flows are mainly concentrated in the northern and the most southern part of China. This paper helps to understand the dynamics of China's regional changes from an inbound tourism perspective.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.391-400
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• 2015

Korea is a global steel producer and a major consumer while iron ore producing is very low compared to the demand. On the other hand, North Korea holds tremendous amount of iron reserves and, however, its producing rate is limited. Moreover, the data regarding mineral resources of North Korea is very limited and uncertain because of political isolation. This study estimated the amount of iron ore resource and production amount for the Musan Iron mine, the world-known open-pit mine of North Korea, using satellite imagery(Landsat MSS, ASTER) and digital maps between 1976 to 2007. As a result, the mining area of Musan mine was increased by $6.1km^2$ during the 30 years and the mining sector was estimated as $4.9km^2$. We estimated the iron resources and production amount of 0.7 and 0.2 billion metric tons, respectively based on 3D modeling and average iron ore density of Anshan formation in China. This amount indicates 8.1 million tons of annual average production and it coincides well with previous reports. We expect this study would be utilized significantly on inter-Korean exchange programs by providing trustable preliminary data.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.217-221
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• 1999

Background and Objectives: Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis or Kikuchi's disease has now become recognized in many parts of the world as a well-defined clinicopathologic entity. It typically affects cervical lymph nodes of young women, and subsides spontaneously within a few months without recurrences. The purpose of this study is to report the clinicopathologic finding, radiologic finding and many laboratory tests to elaborate the criteria that are useful in distinguishing this entity from inflammatory disease, granulomatous disease, lymphoma, malignant disease. Material and Methods: Authors evaluated 22 patients, who were diagnosed as subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis on excisional biopsy or fine needle aspiration cytology with retrospective chart review. Results: The patient population consisted of 21 women and 1 men. The mean age was 25 years old(range 17 to 42 years). All patient had palpable neck mass and associated fever, headache, weight loss, otalgia, diarrhea, night sweating. and associated disorder is dermatitis, hepatitis B, SLE, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, albinism et al. The multiple bilateral involvement of cervical lymph node was 20 cases(91%) and multiple unilateral 18 cases(82%), multiple bilateral 2 cases(9%). Solitary involvement was 2 cases(9%), mean size of involved lymph node was 2.0cm. In laboratory tests, leukopenia 17 cases(72%), elevated ESR 12 cases(54%), elevated GOT, GPT 3 cases(13%). In CT finding, lymph nodes enhanced in homogeneous fashion, and there was no evidence of central necrosis. Conclusion: Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis, Kikuchi's disease may be easily confused clinically, pathologically, radiologically with malignant lymphoma, inflammatory disease, granulomatous disease. We should consider open biopsy of lymph node in the patient which had unilateral multiple cervical lymph node and in laboratory tests, were leukopenia, elevated ESR, especially in young women. otherwise, result of fine needle aspiration biopsy is nonspecific, excisional biopsy is recommended in order to differentiate other disease.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2016

As publicizing of electromagnetic devices such as smart_phone and drone etc. which are relate with geomagnetic direction, and recognition about the importance to space weather effect and their hazards rises up recently, it is required heavily that the study on the effective measurement of geomagnetic declination and geomagnetic field effects of space weather. The purpose of this study is that the investigation of the feasibility of the absolute geomagnetic measurement in a place, where man-made geomagnetic contamination is low or negligible, with replacing the azimuth marks used for the absolute geomagnetic declination measurement with unified control points(UCP) which established at suburb. Further to this, have first derived the correlation of daily variations and disturbance level between the published indices($K_P$ and $K_K$) and geomagnetic element calculated from geomagnetic data of Cheongyang observatory located at the middle stage in Korea and is a member of INTERMAGNET. In addition, have carried out that the absolute measurement for the geomagnetic declination at three places near unified control point and one place with wide open field in Korea. The world magnetic models(WMMs) are selected as the criteria for comparison on the feasibility of geomagnetic declination investigation near unified control points. We compared deviations of declination from absolute measurement with that obtained from WMMs, also those from WMMs inter-comparison. The result through examination and analysis show that the feasibility of the absolute geomagnetic declination measurement with replacing the azimuth marks with UCP which established at suburb is possible.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.609-622
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• 2007

This paper examines the lava tubes designated as a natural monument in Jeju Island, and then makes the several suggestions for conserving and managing them. The cave entrances should be scientifically and strictly managed to prevent the deterioration, and to preserve the interior ecosystem, of the lava tubes. The land use and vegetation of the ground surface over the lava tubes should be also systematically managed; the destroyed sand dunes must be recovered for the development of speleothem in the lava tubes, and the plants with deep roots must be removed for the prevention of ceiling collapse. The provincial authorities should manage the ground surface over the lava tubes as a public land to remove the factors threatening the stability of the lava tubes. Since the roads crossing the ground surface are likely to cause the collapse of the lava tubes, new roads bypassing the caves need to be constructed, and warning signs should be also installed at the traverse points. A monitoring system on the cultural properties protection area over the lava tubes could be effectively established by encouraging residents to participate the conservation program of lava tubes. Since the falling blocks from ceilings have been usually observed in the lava tubes, it is urgent to examine their stability. In particular, the dangerous sections must be continuously monitored for taking a quick measure against the collapse. The air environments of lava tubes need to be scientifically analyzed based upon the long-term observations. The lighting equipments must be improved to minimize the green pollution in the lava tubes open to the public. The numbers of visitors should be also controlled to prevent the destruction and contamination of lava tubes caused by a large number of visitors.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 2016

This paper aims to analyze the business types of 237 IoT based smart home companies in the world (launched during 1999~2014) which got global investment last few years. For this, the previous literatures trying to analze technology and service types of smart home are searched and the typology of the platform is discussed. Based on it, this research conceptualizes an analysis framework that includes three areas of smart home like home automation, home security, and energy efficiency with the three platform types like product, software, and service. This study concludes that the development of business type for IoT based smart home ecosystem is from the product to software and it can be a platform or not. In current status, there are a few platforms of product and software, but in the device management (16%) and thermostat (11%), companies are persuing more platform like. It is difficult to find the service platform in overall areas, for application based service has a few attractions in the investment market due to the lack of cloud infrastructure and data analytics. The following three are the implication to domestic market: 1) More active offering of API and SDK, 2) more active introduction of wireless Intenet network protocols, and 3) more active interoperability efforts and alliance activities are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.133-144
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• 2009

Incheon Bridge, 18.4 km long sea-crossing bridge, will be opened to the traffic in October 2009 and this will be the new landmark of the gearing up north-east Asia as well as the largest & longest bridge of Korea. Incheon Bridge is the integrated set of several special featured bridges including a magnificent cable-stayed girder bridge which has a main span of 800 m width to cross the navigation channel in and out of the Port of Incheon. Incheon Bridge is making an epoch of long-span bridge designs thanks to the fully application of the AASHTO LRFD (load & resistance factor design) to both the superstructures and the substructures. A state-of-the-art of the geotechnologies which were applied to the Incheon Bridge construction project is introduced. The most Large-diameter drilled shafts were penetrated into the bedrock to support the colossal superstructures. The bearing capacity and deformational characteristics of the foundations were verified through the world's largest static pile load test. 8 full-scale pilot piles were tested in both offshore site and onshore area prior to the commencement of constructions. Compressible load beyond 30,000 tonf pressed a single 3 m diameter foundation pile by means of bi-directional loading method including the Osterberg cell techniques. Detailed site investigation to characterize the subsurface properties had been carried out. Geotextile tubes, tied sheet pile walls, and trestles were utilized to overcome the very large tidal difference between ebb and flow at the foreshore site. 44 circular-cell type dolphins surround the piers near the navigation channel to protect the bridge against the collision with aberrant vessels. Each dolphin structure consists of the flat sheet piled wall and infilled aggregates to absorb the collision impact. Geo-centrifugal tests were performed to evaluate the behavior of the dolphin in the seabed and to verify the numerical model for the design. Rip-rap embankments on the seabed are expected to prevent the scouring of the foundation. Prefabricated vertical drains, sand compaction piles, deep cement mixings, horizontal natural-fiber drains, and other subsidiary methods were used to improve the soft ground for the site of abutments, toll plazas, and access roads. Light-weight backfill using EPS blocks helps to reduce the earth pressure behind the abutment on the soft ground. Some kinds of reinforced earth like as MSE using geosynthetics were utilized for the ring wall of the abutment. Soil steel bridges made of corrugated steel plates and engineered backfills were constructed for the open-cut tunnel and the culvert. Diverse experiences of advanced designs and constructions from the Incheon Bridge project have been propagated by relevant engineers and it is strongly expected that significant achievements in geotechnical engineering through this project will contribute to the national development of the longspan bridge technologies remarkably.