• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.727-740
• /
• 1998

Controlling traffic lights at a bottleneck, in [5] a time of open passage is called optimal, if it minimizes the first moment of the asymptotic distribution of the queue length. The discussion of the first moment as function of the time of open passage is based on an analysis of the behavior of a fixed point when varying control parameters and delivers theoretical and computational aspects of the traffic problem.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1999.07c
• /
• pp.1123-1125
• /
• 1999

This paper proposes an optimization technique using Genetic Algorithm(GA) for service restoration in the distribution system. Restoration planning problem can be treated as a combinatorial optimization problem. So GA is appropriate to solve the service restoration problem in the distribution network. But searching capabilities of the GA can be enhanced by developing relevant repairing operation and modifying GA operations. In this paper, we aimed at finding appropriate open sectionalizing switch position for the restoration of distribution networks after disturbances using enhanced GA with repairing operation and modified mutation. Simulation results show that proposed method found the open sectionalizing switches with less out of service area and minimize transmission line losses and voltage drop.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.242-250
• /
• 2004

In general, the skeletal class III has the characteristics of mandibular overgrowth with a normal maxillary growth or maxillary undergrowth with a normal mandibular growth And clinical and radiographic evaluations of the patient are needed. However, the treatment plan is not dependent on these evaluations alone, because patient's general condition and hope for aesthetics varies. The aim of this report is to consider the treatment of a medically compromised patient with an anterior open bite and skeletal class III, which showed a severe mandibular overgrowth. In 2003, a 17-year-old boy with epilepsy, mental retardation presented at our clinic complaining of concave profile. A clinical examination showed severe mandibular prognathism with an anterior open bite. The radiographic examination revealed a short cranial base, a moderate maxillary overgrowth, severe mandibular overgrowth and skeletal open bite tendency. In 2004, he was verified to have no potential of growth by hand-and-wrist radiographs and an endocrine examination. He completed the preoperative orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery (sagittal split ramus osteotomy, genioplasty). He was evaluated on the first visit, the preoperative period and the postoperative period with a clinical and radiographic examination. At the first visit, the patient showed moderate overgrowth of the maxilla, severe overgrowth of the mandible, and a subsequential skeletal open bite. After the preoperative orthodontic treatment (preoperative period), the patient showed the same skeletal problem as before and a decompensated dentition for orthognathic surgery. After orthognathic surgery, his profile had improved, but he had still a skeletal openbite tendency because the maxillary orthognathic surgery was not performed. Severe mandibular prognathism with a maxillary overgrowth and anterior open bite should be treated by bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. However, one-jaw orthognathic surgery on the remaining the skeletal open bite tendency was performed for his medical problem and facial esthetics. This subsequential open bite should be resolved with a postoperative orthodontic treatment.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 2006

Precast concrete apartments were main stream of domestic industrialized housing around 90's, and Steel Houses applying Steel Stud technique with light weighted steel have been dominant portion since 1995. On the other hand, various building techniques including Steel Stud method and highly prefabricated and industrialized Unit method are prevailing in developed countries like Japan. Steel stud and unit box have their own merits and demerits, but the more crucial aspect is that the constant design standard should be applied in each design procedure. It entails the necessity of industrial housing development on the open system basis. In this study, the design standard for unit house will be established coping with the established preparing standard for design specifications defined by architectural law and promotion law of housing construction. That is for design standard of industrialized private housing on the open system basis. This study attempts to propose the design automation, with the method of unit construction of which the rate of pre-fabrication is the biggest, that can cope with the demand of user on the basis of open-system. Ticky-tacky is the biggest technical problem in suppling industrialization housing. Therefore, we will suggest a basic plan for design automation of unit modular housing which can raise the productivity of industrialization housing by applying open system, utilized by DB of component and unit, and solve the problem concerned about ticky-tacky.

• Journal of Information Management
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2003

The serials pricing and licensing crises have caused the problem of limited access to scholarly information and the problem of its preservation. To cope with these crises, various types of scholarly communication models are under study now. Open Access is one of the possible solutions among these new trials. This study has investigated the history of Open Access, articulated the first considerations for the spread of Open Access, and proposed the role of librarians during the progress.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.617-636
• /
• 1999

This study was executed with the intention of guiding ‘open education’ toward a desirable school innovation. The basic two directions of curriculum reconstruction essential for implementing ‘open education’ are one toward intra-subject (within a subject) and inter-subject (among subjects). This study showed an example of intra-subject curriculum reconstruction with a problem solving area included in elementary mathematics curriculum. In the curriculum, diverse strategies to enhance ability to solve problems are included at each grade level. In every elementary math textbook, those strategies are suggested in two chapters called ‘diverse problem solving’, in which problems only dealing with several strategies are introduced. Through this method, students begin to learn problem solving strategies not as something related to mathematical knowledge or contents but only as a skill or method for solving problems. Therefore, problems of ‘diverse problem solving’ chapter should not be dealt with separatedly but while students are learning the mathematical contents connected to those problems. Namely, students must have a chance to solve those problems while learning the contents related to the problem content(subject). By this reasoning, in the name of curriculum reconstruction toward intra-subject, this study showed such case with two ‘diverse problem solving’ chapters of the 4th grade second semester's math textbook.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.405-423
• /
• 1998

This study aims to reflect the origin and the meaning of open education and to derive pedagogical principles for open mathematics education. Open education originates from Socrates who was the founder of discovery learning and has been developed by Locke, Rousseau, Froebel, Montessori, Dewey, Piaget, and so on. Thus open education is based on Humanism and Piaget's psychology. The aim of open education consists in developing potentials of children. The characteristics of open education can be summarized as follows: open curriculum, individualized instruction, diverse group organization and various instruction models, rich educational environment, and cooperative interaction based on open human relations. After considering the aims and the characteristics of open education, this study tries to suggest the aims and the directions for open mathematics education according to the philosophy of open education. The aim of open mathematics education is to develop mathematical potentials of children and to foster their mathematical appreciative view. In order to realize the aim, this study suggests five pedagogical principles. Firstly, the mathematical knowledge of children should be integrated by structurizing. Secondly, exploration activities for all kinds of real and concrete situations should be starting points of mathematics learning for the children. Thirdly, open-ended problem approach can facilitate children's diverse ways of thinking. Fourthly, the mathematics educators should emphasize the social interaction through small-group cooperation. Finally, rich educational environment should be provided by offering concrete and diverse material. In order to make open mathematics education effective, some considerations are required in terms of open mathematics curriculum, integrated construction of textbooks, autonomy of teachers and inquiry into children's mathematical capability.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 1987

This paper presents a heuristic algorithm for solving the simple facility location problem. Its main procedure is essentially of 'add' type, which progressively selects facilities to open according to a certain criterion derived from the analysis of the linear programming dual. Computational experience with test problem from the literature is presented.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.15 no.5 s.58
• /
• pp.157-166
• /
• 2006

Recently, it appears several counterproposals about desirable figures of urban architecture. All of them proposes 'publicity' with cohernt tendency. The reason why it concentrates quantitative expansion of city without united design by urban plannar is that neglect quality values of city. As a solution of poor environment, there cue out the various efforts, about problem of each building, problem of city space, problem of laws and so forth. The reason why necessity of public space was embossed in that architecture extend the activity of citizen and make up the city space. But, each building pursues the private interest, so it is difficult to secure a public space with a high hand. Thus, architecture law has been revised in 1991 and bring the system of open space to match up the publicity and the private interest. Actually, western country brought it and obtained excellent results. While quantity of open space have increased since 1991, a lot of problems revealed in real usage and quality. By means of problem's solution, this study focus on the diversion of recognition for necessity of various open space. In result, on the occasion of approach and openess, except for several building, most glass a facade and the pedestrian can approach easily. Moreover, office buildings near the subway station connected with their low floor. So, the office buildings give openess to pedestrian and a people can approach easily to the buildings. On the occasion of amenity, most have bank and lobby on the first floor and have facilities on the underground floor. It leave open. But the reason why they have bank and lobby is that the space is dry and boring(without elements of nature and rest space). Hence, to make a space full of vitality, it have to plan various design elements and facilities. First of all, plan of indoor public space have to make up facility for the public interest. This study is basic investigation for necessity of indoor public space and through the survey of office buildings, it analyze the character of plan and find out the method of publicity's realization.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.315-330
• /
• 2012

Mathematics educators have tried to teach mathematics to all students who are at any mathematical level by differentiated math instruction from late 1990s in Korea. The common differentiated math instruction separates students into two or three groups according to their mathematical ability and then different activities and tasks are given to each group. This kind of instruction fosters negative attitudes to mathematics to low level students and fix them at low level. So I investigated new mathematics instruction considering able students and low attainers at the same time. This new method is based on using open problems in math class. All students can respond to an open problem in different ways. If teachers could relate all varieties of answers got from students at every level to build good understanding the concept which the problem target at, low attainers could move to their potential developmental levels. This kind of instruction can change low math attainers' negative attitudes to good ones to mathematics and foster their confidence in performing mathematics.