• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.1124-1128
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• 2003

양파의 기능성을 활용한 제빵원료 소재로서의 이용 가능성을 알아보고자 양파분말을 밀가루에 대하여 0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 및 8.0% 첨가하여 직접반죽법으로 제조한 양파식빵의 품질특성을 조사하였다. 빵의 내부 색도는 양파분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 대조구에 비해 L값은 유의적으로 낮았으며 a값은 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았거나 높게 나타났고 b값은 높게 나타났다. 식빵의 비용적은 $4.60{\sim}4.74$을 나타내어 모든 양파분발 첨가구가 대조구 4.43보다 높게 나타났다. 빵의 품질평가에서 양파분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 빵의 무게와 부피가 증가하였고 외형과 내부 평가에서는 4.0% 첨가구까지는 차이를 보이지 않았으며 그 이상 첨가구는 낮은 점수를 얻었다. 그러므로 양파 특유의 향미, 생리활성 기능성을 부여한 식빵 제조시 양파분말을 4.0%까지 첨가해도 빵의 품질특성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.242-246
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• 2009

This study examined the anti-diabetic effect of onion (Allium cepa. Linn) in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal rats fed control diet or supplemented with onion powder (7% w/w) and diabetic rats fed control diet or supplemented with onion powder. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, ip) in citrate buffer. The animals were fed each of the experimental diet for 5 weeks. Blood glucose levels of rats supplemented with onion were lower than those of rats fed control diet in the diabetic rats. Onion also decreased the total serum lipid, triglyceride, and atherogenic index and increased HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio in the diabetic rats. Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities were high in the diabetic rats compared to normal rats and reverted to near-control values by onion. These results indicate that onion decreased blood glucose, serum lipid levels and reduced renal oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats and this effect might exert the anti-diabetic effect of onion.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2008

This study was performed to examine the effects of onion powder supplementation on lipid metabolism in male SD rats fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet. Experimental groups were control (C), high fat fed group (HF), high fat+onion powder intake (OP), high fat+quercetin intake (Q). The HF diet contained 1% cholesterol, 4% lard, 0.3% Na-taurocholate, and quercetin supplementation level was 0.1 g/kg diet. The OP group showed lower body weight gains compared to the control, while there was no significant difference in food efficiency ratio efficiency. When the proportion of fecal bile acids per total lipids was calculated, there was a significant decrease in the HF group compared to the control group, while the levels of the control group was same as that of the OP group. There was no significant difference between the HF and Q groups in bile acid/total lipid in feces. The amount of total cholesterol in liver increased significantly in HF group compared to the control group, while total cholesterol decreased significantly in the OP group compared to the HF group. There was a significant decrease in GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) activity in OP and Q groups compared to the HF group. In conclusion, feeding onion powder to hyperlipidemic rates appeared to control weight gain, significantly lower the level of total cholesterol in the liver, and recover GOT activity. We also demonstrated that onion powder intake was more effective than quercetin intake.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.259-265
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• 2002

In this study, various kind of onion herb kimchi differing in herb contents were prepared. Sensory evaluation indicated that rosemary was best of all for the tested herbs. By the sensory analysis, it seemed that 0.5% addition of fresh herb powder for onion kimchi was most preferable and 2% addition was not acceptable. Hot spice of onion was remained when kimchi was prepared but it disappeared as storage time elapsed. According to texture analysis, hardness decreased as storage time elapsed for onion kimchi without herb, but the degree was mitigated for onion herb kimchi.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권4호통권100호
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• pp.492-501
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop a topping formula for pizza containing Chungkukjang and onion as the main ingredients. The maximum amount of onion was limited to 10.5%, since the pizza crust and toppings would separate if too much water dispelled from the onion tissue during baking. The Chungkukjang was substituted for Bulgoggi, a meat topping. The sensory acceptability scores for the pizza topping decreased as the amount of Chungkukjang increased from 3.6% to 7.3%, due to its unpleasant odor, but scores increased when 1.6% Kimchi powder was added to the Chungkukjang without a significant difference from the control. Thus favorable sensory quality was obtained with a topping formula containing 8.7% Chungkukjang, 10.5% onion, and 1.6% Kimchi powder. The nutrient values of the final pizza products were assessed as follows. By adding the Chungkukjang and onion, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and total dietary fiber contents increased. Moreover, the calorie level of the Chungkukjang-onion pizza was 3.8% higher than that of the control pizza. The amounts of compound amino acids including lysine increased. The free amino acids also increased from 143.3 to 188.6 mg/100 g. The ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids changed from 1:0.71 to 1:0.81. For the consumer test, the age groups of the participants were classified as 15-29 years old, 30-39 years old, and 40-62 years old. A positive result on acceptability of the developed pizza was obtained from most of the panelists in all age groups. Over 93% of the 119 responding subjects had purchasing intentions. An, especially, strong purchaging intention was shown in the younger age group of 15-29 year-olds, even though they had a lower preference for the Chungkukjang. Finally, an attribute of satisfaction was induced based on 'health' (79.5%) and 'flavor' (15.7%).

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.894-898
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 강내한성 강원양파의 건조방법을 달리하여 건조방법에 따른 이화학적 특성을 비교하였다. FD, HD 40 및 HD 60의 세 가지 분말에 대해 일반성분 분석, 색도, 갈색도, 총 페놀 함량 및 DPPH free radical 소거능을 측정하였다. 일반성분 분석의 결과 FD의 조단백질 및 조지방의 함량이 각각 10.99%, 0.84%로 HD 40 및 HD 60 보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 색도의 경우, Hunter's value로 L값(lightness), a값(redness), b값(yellowness)으로 나타내었다. FD의 L값이 $77.19{\pm}0.01$로 가장 높게 나왔으며, 나머지 a값 및 b값은 각각 $6.09{\pm}0.01$과 $6.09{\pm}0.01$으로 HD 60이 높게 나왔다. 갈변도의 경우에도 HD 60이 0.200으로 제일 높은 값으로 나타나 건조 온도가 높아질수록 양파의 갈변정도가 커진 다는 것으로 사료된다. 총 페놀 함량의 경우에 HD 40과 HD 60이 FD 보다 더 높은 함량을 나타내었다. DPPH radical 소거능은 시료의 농도를 0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/mL로 처리하여 측정한 결과 농도에 따라 유의적으로 항산화 활성이 증가되었으며, FD 보다 HD 40 및 HD 60에서 유의적으로 더 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.15-19
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• 2016

Drying process was applied to increase the antioxidant activity of onion powder: freeze-drying or air-drying at 50, 70, and $90^{\circ}C$ and onion extracts were obtained from each powder using water or aqueous ethanol (50%) at $25^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$. In the color analysis, the freeze-dried powders showed higher $L^*$ and lower $a^*$ and $b^*$ values than did the air-dried ones. The browning index of powders air-dried at $90^{\circ}C$ was significantly higher than that of freeze-dried powders or those air-dried at temperatures below $90^{\circ}C$. Phenolic content in the extracts was 4.02-23.12 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample, and was the highest in the extract from the sample air-dried at $90^{\circ}C$, regardless of the extraction condition. The highest antioxidant activity, measured by 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl methods, was found in the powder air-dried at $90^{\circ}C$, which induced browning. These findings indicate that antioxidant activity depends more on browning during drying than on extraction conditions.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.488-494
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• 2013

자색 양파 분말 첨가량(0, 3, 6, 9, 12)을 달리하여 제조한 자색 양파 설기떡의 기계적 품질특성과 관능적 품질특성을 평가하였다. 수분함량은 제조 직후 대조구가 43.74%였고, 자색 양파 분말 첨가량이 많아질수록 낮아져 12% 첨가가 37.02로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 물성 측정에서 탄력성, 부착성, 씹힘성은 가루 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 견고성과 응집성은 양파분말 첨가량이 많을수록 증가하였다. 색도 L값은 설기떡에 첨가한 자색 양파 가루량이 많을수록 유의적으로 감소하였고, a값의 경우 제조 직 후 대조구는 2.18이었으며, 자색 양파 첨가량이 많을수록 적색을 띄는 것을 알 수 있었고, b값은 자색 양파 분말 첨가량에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였다. 관능검사는 색, 향, 맛, 촉촉한 정도, 부드러운 정도, 씹는 정도의 경우 자색양파 분말 첨가량이 많을수록 관능적 특성도가 높게 나타났으며, 전체적인 기호도는 자색양파 분말 9% 첨가구가 가장 기호도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 설기떡에 자색 양파 분말을 사용함으로써 떡의 품질이 향상되어 건강 기능성 상품 개발이 가능 할 것으로 예상되며 향후 자색 양파의 기능적 성분 분석 등의 연구가 부가되어 다양한 식품조리에 대한 응용연구가 이루어져야 하겠다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.770-777
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to test the overall preference of Saury fishmeat nuggets. In order to remove off-flavor of Saury and to improve the sensory properties of Saury fishmeat nuggets, different concentrations of vegetables (onion, 0-20%), different types of spices (ginger powder, white pepper powder, garlic powder) and different types of vegetables (onion & hot pepper, onion & pimento, mushroom & hot pepper, and mushroom & pimento) were added and the sensory properties were evaluated. Different types of herbs (Anthemis nobillis, Rosemarinus offcinalis L) and oriental herb (Angelica gigas Nakai, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Seed) extracts were included as well to preserve the antioxidants in the nuggets after reheating. The main ingredients included saury mince, mild pizza cheese, hydrated textured soy protein, and egg white powder. The samples were molded (dia. 4.5 cm, thickness 1.5 cm, 20 g), lightly battered and fried for 2 min (2 time) at $160^{\circ}C$. The samples were then frozen, reheated ($150^{\circ}C$, 20 min) and subjected to a sensory evaluation. In the sensory evaluation, Saury nuggets made with a vegetable concentration of 15% had the highest flavor, taste, and overall preference (V5). In addition, Saury nuggets made with 1 g of ginger powder and garlic powder scored the highest in the preference test (S2). Saury nuggets made with onion and pepper had the highest score in the preference test relative to all the other tested vegetables (SV1). Finally, in terms of the herb and oriental herb extracts, the nuggets made with the condensed extracts at a 1/20 ratio of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Seed (AS) scored the highest in the preference test, since AS had the lowest off-flavor taste.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.342-347
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• 2007

건조방법을 달리하여 양파분말을 제조하고 건조방법에 따른 양파분말의 물리적 특성을 비교하였다. 건조 양파의 수분함량은 열풍건조한 양파가 13.29%, 동결건조 양파는 12.99%, 진공건조 양파는 10.78%로 나타났고, 조회분 조지방 조단백의 함량은 건조방법에 따라 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 총당 함량은 열풍건조>진공건조>동결건조 순으로 나타났다. 양파분말의 색도는 갈변현상의 영향을 받아 밝기와 황색도에 큰 변화가 있었다. 높은 온도에서 건조한 진공건조 분말과 열풍건조 분말의 Hunter-L값은 낮은 온도에서 동결건조시킨 분말에 비해 매우 낮게 나타났다. 갈변도는 고온처리과정이 없는 동결건조 분말의 경우 가장 낮았으며, 같은 고온에서 건조시킨 진공건조 분말과 열풍건조 분말 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 주사전자현미경 촬영 결과 양파분말의 입자크기가 열풍건조>진공건조>동결건조 순으로 나타났고, 급속 동결한 후 낮은 온도에서 수분을 승화시켜 건조하는 동결건조 양파분말의 공극률이 가장 크게 나타났다. 양파분말의 복원력은 입자크기가 제일 큰 열풍건조 분말이 가장 높았고, 다음으로는 진공건조, 동결건조 분말의 순으로 나타났다. 용해도는 동결건조 분말이 다른 두 방법에 비해 높았으며, 팽윤력은 열풍건조 분말이 가장 높았다. 비타민 C의 함량은 온도의 영향을 적게 받은 동결건조 분말이 가장 높았으며, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 진공건조>열풍건조>동결건조 순으로 나타났다.