• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.541-547
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• 2017

In Yongwon channel, its natural flow of seawater is blocked by the construction of Busan Newport including the container berth. The channel was transformed into a narrow and long one, where it is possible that ships are only allowed to pass through the north-side channel of Gyeonmado located at the point of river mouth to Songjeongcheon. So it is considered that the changes in the terrain characteristics of Yongwon channel is likely to alter the circulation of sea water, thereby changing its water quality. Contaminants are accumulated from the sediment release. In this study, before and after dredging the sediment release test was performed. As a result, after the sediment dredging is performed, the reduction rate was higher at the same point. The results show that the water quality can be improved by dredging. Each group (A~C) reduction rate of the evaluation of the reduction rate of 4.64% T-N, 18.00%, 18.59%, respectively. T-P rate of 24.75% reduction, 24.17%, 44.08%, respectively. COD reduction rate was 18.57%, 19.76%, 38.08%, respectively. These results can be used as basic data for controlling the contamination by dredging in Yongwon channel.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 1993

The purpose of this paper is to search for reasonable and fair principles applicable to the delimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone(which is called the EEZ, hereinafter) around the Korean Peninsula th-rought the comprehensive study of maritime boundary, which is one of the most important issues in the law of the Sea. So far, the sea has been exploited for activities such as fishery, transport and military stratedy, and en-vironmental policy and so on. From this time on, however, it becomes important to us as the major trea-sure-house of various resources which will be developed and used for diversified purposes. For these rea-sons, nowadays, more and more countries of the world are competing to secure waters as much as possible within their jurisdiction. And the regime of the EEZ was created as a result of this international trend. At last, it has been institutionalized as the 200-mile EEZ of a legal notion in the Convention on the Law of the Sea, which was adopted at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, in Jamaica on December 10, 1982. In adapting to this EEZ institution, Korea is faced with several complicated problems as it is bounded on three sides by the sea and all of its neighboring countries such as the PRC, the DPRK, Japan, Russia etc are less than 400 miles away between opposite countries. Therefore, when trying to delimit the boun-dary for the EEZ, it appears necessary to analyze applicable principles and rules of international law for delimitation mainly through the Convention on the Law of the Sea, and studies the trends of actual State practices and recent international precedents. It is hoped that such knowledge will enable Korea to secure sufficient resources and other sovereign rights without conflicting with the neighboring countries concer-ned. For the achievement of the above mentioned object. I analyzed the necessities of the establishment of the EEZ in Korea, the difficulties and practices of Korea's neighbors, and the changes and forthcoming trends in Korea's relations with its neighbors concerned on the basis of the general explanation of the EEZ regime. In conclusion, it is my opinion that for the establishment of the EEZ delimitation which neighbors around the Korean Peninsula should be applied reasonable and equitable principles considering the rele-vant circumstances which characterize the area definitely as well as the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Recently, the active research into wireless sensor networks has led to the development of sensor nodes with improved performance, including their mobility and location awareness. One of the most important goals of such sensor networks is to transmit the data generated by mobile sensors nodes. Since these sensor nodes move in the mobile wireless sensor networks (MWSNs), the energy consumption required for them to transmit the sensed data to the fixed sink is increased. In order to solve this problem, the use of mobile sinks to collect the data while moving inside the network is studied herein. The important issues are the mobility and energy consumption in MWSNs. Because of the sensor nodes' limited energy, their energy consumption for data transmission affects the lifetime of the network. In this paper, a mobile-sink based energy-efficient clustering scheme is proposed for use in mobile wireless sensor networks (MECMs). The proposed scheme improves the energy efficiency when selecting a new cluster head according to the mobility of the mobile sensor nodes. In order to take into consideration the mobility problem, this method divides the entire network into several cluster groups based on mobile sinks, thereby decreasing the overall energy consumption. Through both analysis and simulation, it was shown that the proposed MECM is better than previous clustering methods in mobile sensor networks from the viewpoint of the network energy efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.708-716
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• 2019

After the Sewol ferry disaster, the maritime safety supervisor system was introduced to strengthen maritime safety control for coastal vessels. If any critical defect is found in vessel facilities during periodical or occasional guidance and supervision on a vessel, a maritime safety supervisor takes an administrative measure: detention of the vessel until it has been completely corrected. The detention order is one of the most powerful regulations exercised by a maritime safety supervisor. It would not be an overstatement to say that the guidance and supervision conducted by a maritime safety supervisor is very important for the safety of a vessel and protection of the maritime environment. However, the regulatory level of each Regional Office of Oceans and Fisheries toward vessels may vary with the enforcers, and an individual's intentional act or negligence might occur during the execution process. Detention of a coastal vessel by the Regional Office of Ocean and Fisheries can easily lead to delayed navigation, and a vessel owner may suffer economic loss from suspension of a charter party. Nevertheless, the Maritime Safety Act does not prescribe filing a petition for objection to the measure of detention order by a maritime safety supervisor. To overcome this problem, therefore, the objection procedure under the Maritime Safety Act has to be reformed to reclaim a right against an inappropriate detention order measure caused by an individual's intentional act or negligence through a formal objection.

• Clean Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.54-63
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• 2017

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are widely used in both industrial and domestic activities. VOCs are one of the most unpleasant, frequently complaint-rousing factors of pollution around the world. It is now necessary to research and develop an alternative technology that could overcome the problems of the existing odor-control and VOC-eliminating techniques. In this study, essential oil and photocatalytic process was applied in the removal of benzene and toluene, typical VOCs in petrochemistry plant. therefore, this study conducted experiments on the selection of appropriate essential oil, photodegradation, hydroxyl radical generation capacity. The removal efficiency and reaction rate were performed to selecte the type and concentration of essential oil. As a result, removal efficiency of Hinoki Cypress oil was approximately 70% and reaction rate of Hinoki Cypress was high. The results of photolysis experiment, photocatalytic oxidation process showed that the decomposition efficiency of VOCs increased considerably with increasing UV lamp power. In addition, the conversion of VOCs was increased up to $0.1gL^{-1}$ photocatalysts. The hydroxyl radicals measure was performed to determine the ability to generate hydroxyl radicals. The analytical result showed that high $TiO_2$ concentration and lamp power was produced many hydroxyl radical. Experiments of the removal efficiency and reaction rate were performed using essential oil and photooxidation. As a result, the removal efficiency showed that the removal efficiency was increased high temperature and reaction time. The activation energy was calculated from the reaction rate equation at various temperature condition. Activation energy was approximately $18kJmol^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.347-360
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out the subjective and objective fatigue level and the characteristics of seamen's physical strength with the service period on board, to have a new understanding of the vocation, and to explore a physical exercising program for the seamen. The questionnaire survey for the seamen who had been in service on the ocean going vessels was conducted and the results are fumed out as the followings. Total number of seamen who had answered the questionnaire was 64 persons and the distribution status of service period group was identified as 16 persons for each of 4 groups； the group was classified as the group of less than 5 years, 5 - 10 years, 10 - 15 years, and more than 15 years. 1. Working conditions Working hours in a week was identified as 44－56 hours(45.3%) and the number of 45.3% of the seamen answered the working hours in week is more than 56 hours. The seamen of 25.0% are unsatisfied or very unsatisfied with their vocation. The seamen of 65.6% are smoking, and 45.3% of them drink. The seamen of 44.,3% drink once or more in a week. And the seamen of 67.2% do not take any exercise in a week. 2. Contribution to the seamen's fatigue and subjective symptom The most contributive factor to the seamen's fatigue was identified as the short of sleeping(21.5%), overwork(19.2%), poor working conditions (18.6%), and the friction in human relations also becomes one the contribution to the fatigue(14.0%). The subjective symptom by fatigue was identified as the feeling of languid, sleepy and tiredness of eyes. 3. Characteristics of the seamen's physical strength and Interrelations The grip strength and back strength of the seamen whose service period is less than 5 years were measured as 40.44kg and 127.8kg. The sit ups in the group of service period less than 5 years was measured as 36.84 times, and the vertical jump for the seamen in this group was measured as 46.55cm. The closed-eyes foot balance was measured as 33.64 seconds in the group of service period between 5 and 10 years, and side-step was measured as 35.31 times in the group of service period less than 5 years. The standing trunk flexion was measured as 10.54cm for the seamen whose service period is between 10-15 years, and the trunk extension was measured as 50.70cm for the seamen whose service period is less than 5 years. And the step test of the seamen whose service period is between 10-15 years was measured as 54.44 numbers, and the number of flickers of the seamen whose service period is less than 5 years was measured as 32.94.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.637-645
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• 2018

This study analyzes the problem of lack of anchorage caused by some anchorage closed and suggests ways to improve Masan anchorage. For this, we established the evaluation criteria, and analysed the anchorage operating rate during 5 years after estimating the capacity of barge, and suggested improvement plan after appropriateness assessment of anchorage capacity, finally verified the anchorage improvement plan. As a result of study, it is analyzed that the Masan A-2, A-4, A-6 anchorage needs to expand the anchorage due to excess the anchorage assessment criteria of 60 %. So, in order to improve the Masan anchorage, we suggested the improvement plan that extended 1.8 times by the group designated anchorage, according to integrating the A-2, A-4, A-6 anchorage and anchorage dwell time and ship type. And, the result of verification improvement plan, it is analyzed that meet the assessment criteria since decreasing the anchorage operating rate by 1/2 compared to the existing one, does not act as a risk factor in terms of maritime traffic.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.39-48
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• 2016

One of the major trends of automotive networking architecture is the introduction of automotive Ethernet. Ethernet is already used in single automotive applications (e.g. to connect high-data-rate sources as video cameras), it is expected that the ongoing standardization at IEEE (IEEE802.3bw - 100BASE-T1, respectively IEEE P802.3bp - 1000BASE-T1) will lead to a much broader adoption in future. Those applications will not be limited to simple point-to-point connections, but may affect Electric/Electronic(EE) Architectures as a whole. It is agreed that IP based traffic via Ethernet could be secured by application of well-established IP security protocols (e.g., IPSec, TLS) combined with additional components like, e.g., automotive firewall or IDS. In the case of safety and real-time related applications on resource constraint devices, the IP based communication is not the favorite option to be used with complicated and performance demanding TLS or IPSec. Those applications will be foreseeable incorporate Layer-2 based communication protocols as, e.g., currently standardized at IEEE[13]. The present paper reflects the state-of-the-art communication concepts with respect to security and identifies architectural challenges and potential solutions for future Ethernet Switch-based EE-Architectures. It also gives an overview and provide insights into the ongoing security relevant standardization activities concerning automotive Ethernet. Furthermore, the properties of non-automotive Ethernet security mechanisms as, e.g., IEEE 802.1AE aka. MACsec or 802.1X Port-based Network Access Control, will be evaluated and the applicability for automotive applications will be assessed.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2006

kochukaru (chili powder) and various vegetables. As its main ingredient, fresh or sea-water fish is cut into several pieces and boiled with ground beef and green vegetables such as watercress as well as garland chrysanthemum. In addition, onion, radish, chilies, crown daisy, garlic and some times, pumpkin and bean curds are added to the mixture to absorb the kochujang which is the base flavor of this dish. It is then seasoned with kochukaru, garlic, soy sauce and if needed, more kochujang to suit everyone's taste buds. Restaurants that offer this dish often allow you to select your fish from a tank. Many specialty seafood restaurants have several tanks from which you may choose a fish. Popular fish for this dish may include Korean rockfish, flounder, yellow corvina, codfish, croakers, pollacks, and even fresh water fish like carp and trout. In addition, other shell fish such as crabs, clams and oysters can be also added to this soup to compliment and enhance its spicy but refreshing flavor. This soup is one of Korean's most popular dishes while drinking soju. If you order sushi or sashimi, the soup is made from the left-over parts of the fish. The objective of this study is to determine a standardized recipe of Maeun-Tang and to investigate consumption so as to increase its intake opportunities for consumers through its development. Fish species used in Maeuen-Tang's recipes were flounder, Korean rockfish and other fish. Onion, radish, chilies, crown daisy, garlic and some times, pumpkin and bean curds were added to the mixture to absorb the kochujang which is the base flavor of this dish. Most of the stock used in Maeuen-Tang's recipes is pure water, fish stock and vegetable stock, 1.0-1.5 Korean rock fishes and 0.5-1.0 flounders, with its head and bone, which were used in 3-4 portions of Maeun-Tang. Most of the seafood restaurants used seasoning which didn't age and was made by the restaurant. The cooking equipment used in the Maeuen-Tang's recipes were a cook-port and earthen bowl.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.74-85
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• 2015

PCI Express is a well-known and widely used de-facto system bus standard for connecting among a processor and IO devices. PCI Express is originated from old PCI standard, and its most of applications are limited to be used within a PC or server system. But, because of its fast speed, low power consumption, and good protocol efficiency, it is considered as one of a good candidate for an alternate system interconnect for many years. In this paper, we present design, implementation and early evaluation of an alternate system interconnect by utilizing PCI Express. The developed alternate system interconnect using PCI Express (named PCIeLINK) utilizes non-transparent bridging (NTB) technic which generally used in fail-over system in PCI and PCI Express. By using NTB technic, PCI Express device can be extended to outside of a system without electrical and logical problems arising during system boot and enumeration. To build up an alternate system interconnect, we designed and implemented a network interface card having multiple PCI Express ${\times}4$ connections (theoretically 20 Gbps) and tested, The early test results revealed that an ${\times}4$ port in the card showed 8.6 Gbps peak performance for bulk transmission and 5.1 Gbps peak for normal TCP/IP transfer.