• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.336-344
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• 1998

Eight monoclonal antibodies(MAbs) against the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) were produced and characterized. Four of the MAbs were produced against a reference TGEV, Purdue strain(P115) and the others were produced against the Korean vaccine virus, Pyungtaek strain. Only one MAb(5C8) produced against P115 had neutralizing activity and was found to be E2 protein-specific. The other seven MAbs(4E2, 4G8, 5H6, 1F8, 2C6, 5H5, and 3A6) had specificity of nucleocapsid protein and no neutralizing activity. All MAbs reacted with different strains of TGEV, but none of the MAbs was reactive with porcine enteropathogenic viruses such as rotavirus, epidemic diarrhea virus and enterovirus by fluorescence antibody(FA) test.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.386-396
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• 2002

This study screened 76 Korean traditional patent medicines and 58 medicinal herbs for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Among the prescriptions methanol and hot water extracts of Samsoum, Chujunghwang-yont'ang, and Sashinhwan showed antimicrobial activities against E. coli and Chujunghwang-yont'ang showed the strongest antimicrobial activity. Among the medicinal herbs, hot water and methanol extracts of Terminalia chebula, Caesalpinia sappan, and Coptis chinensis showed the strongest antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli O157, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexnery, Shigella sonnei and Salmonella typhimurium. An interesting characteristic of the traditional medicines such as Samsoum, Chujunghwang-yont'ang, and Sashinhwan was that both methanol and hot water extracts were active. Chujunghwang-yont'ang exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activities against the microorganisms tested. Water and methanol extracts of Terminalia chebula, Caesalpinia sappan, and Coptis chinensis showed the strong of inhibitory effects on the growth of all microorganisms tested.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.559-563
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• 2006

The growth responses of six bacterial strains exposed to materials extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes were examined using impregnated paper disk agar diffusion. Methanol extracts of turmeric rhizomes exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Clostridium perfringens and weak inhibitory activity toward Escherichia coli at 5 mg/disk. However, in tests conducted with Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. longum, and Lactobacillus casei, the methanol extract showed no inhibitory response. The biologically active constituent isolated from the turmeric rhizomes extracts was characterized as ar-turmerone using various spectroscopic analyses including EI-MS and NMR. The responses varied according to the dosage, chemicals, and bacterial strain tested. At 2 and 1 mg/disk, ar-turmerone strongly inhibited the growth of C. perfringens and moderately inhibited the growth of E. coli without any adverse effects on the growth of four lactic acid-bacteria. Of the commercially available compounds originating from turmeric rhizomes, curcumin exhibited strong and moderate growth inhibition against C. perfringens at 2 and 1 mg/disk, respectively, and weak growth inhibition against E. coli at 1 mg/disk. However, little or no activity was observed for borneol, 1,8-cineole, and sabinene against all six bacteria strains tested. The observed inhibitory activity of the turmeric rhizome-derived curcumin and ar-turmerone against C. perfringens and E. coli demonstrate one of the important pharmacological activities of turmeric rhizomes.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2010

We evaluated 209 Capsicum accessions from the National Agrobiodiversity of RDA, for their reaction against of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. Two hundred nine accessions of Capsicum were almost composed with Capsicum annuum var. annuum originated from 37 countries. The percentage of infection due to C. acutatum ranged from 11.1% to 100% on immature and matured pepper fruits at 21 days after inoculation. On immature fruits of pepper, one hundred seventy three accessions of tested pepper were found infected with C. acutatum. Out of the 173 accessions, eighty five accessions were susceptible to anthracnose with dark brown to black lesions and slowly increased in size at 21 days after inoculation. Only thirty six accessions showed resistance against C. acutatum. On mature fruits of pepper, one hundred ninety eight accessions were infected with C. acutatum at 21 days after inoculation. Twenty one accessions showed a resistance reaction against C. acutatum. The results of this work indicated that all of resistance accessions to C. acutatum were have a genetic potential for the resources of resistance can be further used in pepper breeding programme against anthracnose and also demand more detailed investigation in this.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.54.1-54.13
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• 2023

Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines do not provide full cross-protection, mainly due to the virus genetic variability. Despite this, vaccines based on modified-live PRRSV (PRRSV-MLV) reduce the disease impact. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of two commercial vaccines-one based on PRRSV1 (PRRSV1-MLV) and another on PRRSV2 (PRRSV2-MLV)-against a Japanese PRRSV2 field strain. Methods: Two groups of three-week-old piglets were vaccinated (G1: PRRSV1-MLV; G2: PRRSV2-MLV) and two were kept as non-vaccinated (INF and CTRL). One month later, G1, G2, and INF were challenged with a PRRSV2 field strain. Results: After the challenge, clinical signs were only observed in INF. Moreover, the highest rectal temperatures and values for the area under the curve (AUC) were observed in INF. Regarding viral detection, both AUC and the proportion of positive samples in blood were higher in INF. In G1, viremic animals never reached 100%. At necropsy (21 d after the challenge), differences for titers among groups were only found in tonsils (G1 < G2 and INF). One animal (belonging to G1) was negative in all tissues. Regarding humoral responses, G1 and G2 seroconverted after vaccination, as detected in the corresponding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific neutralizing antibodies (NA) against PRRSV1-MLV were already detected at 14 d after vaccination in G1, showing a significant booster after the challenge, while PRRSV2-MLV NA were detected in G2 at the end of the experiment. Conclusions: Despite genetic differences, PRRSV1-MLV has been demonstrated to confer partial protection against a Japanese PRRSV2 strain, at least as good as PRRSV2-MLV.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2405-2425
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• 2014

Radiation exposure leads to several pathophysiological conditions, including oxidative damage, inflammation and fibrosis, thereby affecting the survival of organisms. This review explores the radiation countermeasure properties of fourteen (14) plant extracts or plant-derived compounds against these cellular manifestations. It was aimed at evaluating the possible role of plants or its constituents in radiation countermeasure strategy. All the 14 plant extracts or compounds derived from it and considered in this review have shown some radioprotection in different in vivo, ex-vivo and or in vitro models of radiological injury. However, few have demonstrated advantages over the others. C. majus possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects appears to be promising in radioprotection. Its crude extracts as well as various alkaloids and flavonoids derived from it, have shown to enhance survival rate in irradiated mice. Similarly, curcumin with its antioxidant and the ability to ameliorate late effect of radiation exposure, combined with improvement in survival in experimental animal following irradiation, makes it another probable candidate against radiological injury. Furthermore, the extracts of P. hexandrum and P. kurroa in combine treatment regime, M. piperita, E. officinalis, A. sinensis, nutmeg, genistein and ginsan warrants further studies on their radioprotective potentials. However, one that has received a lot of attention is the dietary flaxseed. The scavenging ability against radiation-induced free radicals, prevention of radiation-induced lipid peroxidation, reduction in radiation cachexia, level of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis, are some of the remarkable characteristics of flaxseed in animal models of radiation injury. While countering the harmful effects of radiation exposure, it has shown its ability to enhance survival rate in experimental animals. Further, flaxseed has been tested and found to be equally effective when administered before or after irradiation, and against low doses (${\leq}5Gy$) to the whole body or high doses (12-13.5 Gy) to the whole thorax. This is particularly relevant since apart from the possibility of using it in pre-conditioning regime in radiotherapy, it could also be used during nuclear plant leakage/accidents and radiological terrorism, which are not pre-determined scenarios. However, considering the infancy of the field of plant-based radioprotectors, all the above-mentioned plant extracts/plant-derived compounds deserves further stringent study in different models of radiation injury.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.154-167
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• 2013

We previously developed a sequential screening procedure to select antagonistic bacterial strains against Phytophthora capsici in pepper plants. In this study, we used a modified screening procedure to select effective biocontrol strains against P. capsici; we evaluated the effect of selected strains on Phytophthora blight and anthracnose occurrence and fruit yield in pepper plants under field and plastic house conditions from 2007 to 2009. We selected four potential biocontrol strains (Pseudomonas otitidis YJR27, P. putida YJR92, Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens YJR102, and Novosphingobium capsulatum YJR107) among 239 bacterial strains. In the 3-year field tests, all the selected strains significantly (P < 0.05) reduced Phytophthora blight without influencing rhizosphere microbial populations; they showed similar or better levels of disease suppressions than in metalaxyl treatment in the 2007 and 2009 tests, but not in the 2008 test. In the 2-year plastic house tests, all the selected strains significantly (P < 0.05) reduced anthracnose incidence in at least one of the test years, but their biocontrol activities were variable. In addition, strains YJR27, YJR92, and YJR102, in certain harvests, increased pepper fruit numbers in field tests and red fruit weights in plastic house tests. Taken together, these results indicate that the screening procedure is rapid and reliable for the selection of potential biocontrol strains against P. capsici in pepper plants. In addition, these selected strains exhibited biocontrol activities against anthracnose, and some of the strains showed plant growth-promotion activities on pepper fruit.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.202-204
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• 1999

Methanol extracts of leaves from 15 Pinus species belonging to the family Pinaceae were tested for their in vitro growth-inhibiting activities against 10 bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of human, using impregnated paper disk methods. The inhibitory activities varied with both bacterial strain and Pinus species used. At a concentration of 10 mg/disk, a clear growth inhibition was produced from the extracts of Pinus armandii, P. banksiana, P. bungeana, P. densiflora, P. rigida, and P. thunbergii against Clostridium perfringens, whereas all Pinus samples revealed weak or little growth-inhibiting activity against Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. At 5 mg/disk, the extracts of P. banksiana and P. thunbergii exhibited potent growth inhibition toward C. perfringens. All the extracts except the one from P. densiflora did not adversely affect growth of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. longum, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. animalis, and Lactobacillus casei. The growth-inhibiting activity was more pronounced in C. perfringens, as compared to the lactic acid-producing bacteria. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological activities of these Pinus species.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.111-124
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• 2013

Purpose: We should prepare proper medical service for disaster control as South Korea is not free from terrorism and war, as we experienced through the two naval battles of the Yeonpyeong, one in 1999 and the other in 2002, the sinking of Cheonan in 2010, and the attack against the border island of Yeonpyeong in 2010. Moreover, North Korea's increasingly bellicose rhetoric and mounting military threats against the world demand instant action to address the issue. The aim of this article is to describe our experience with three patients with combat-related gunshot and explosive injuries to their extremities and to establish useful methods for the management of patients with combat-related injuries. Methods: Three personnel who had been injured by gunshot or explosion during either the second naval battle of the Yeonpyeong in 2002 or the attack against the border island of Yeonpyeong in 2010 were included in our retrospective analysis. There were one case of gunshot injury and two cases of explosive injuries to the extremities, and the injured regions were the left hand, the right foot, and the right humerus. In one case, the patient had accompanying abdominal injuries, and his vital signs were unstable. He recovered after early initial management and appropriate emergency surgery. Results: All patients underwent emergent surgical debridement and temporary fixation surgery in the same military hospital immediately after their evacuations from the combat area. After that, continuous administration of antibiotics and wound care were performed, and definite reconstructions were carried out in a delayed manner. In the two cases in which flap operations for soft tissue coverage were required, one operation was performed 5 weeks after the injury, and the other operation was performed 7 weeks after the injury. Definite procedures for osteosynthesis were performed at 3 months in all cases. Complete union and adequate functional recovery were achieved in all cases. Conclusion: The patient should be stabilized and any life-threatening injuries must first be evaluated and treated with damage control surgery. Staged treatment and strict adherence to traditional principles for open fractures are recommended for combat-related gunshot and explosive injuries to the extremities.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.485-491
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate thermophilic bacteria from soil having broad antifungal spectrum against Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, and Botrytis cinerea. One isolate selected could resist heat shock of $60^{\circ}C$ for one hour, and had broad antifungal activity in dual culture assay against all tested fungal pathogens and was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Y1 using 16S rRNA gene sequence. Further investigation for antifungal activity of bacterial culture filtrate (BCF) and butanol crude extract (BCE) of various concentrations showed broad spectrum antifungal activity and fungal growth inhibition significantly increased with increasing concentration with highest growth inhibition of 100% against R. solani with 50% BCF and 11 mm of zone of inhibition against R. solani with 4 mg BCE concentration. Treatment of butanol crude extract resulted in deformation, lysis or degradation of C. gloeosporioides and P. capsici hyphae. Furthermore, B. amyloliquefaciens Y1 produced volatile compounds inhibiting growth of R. solani (70%), C. gloeosporioides (65%) and P. capsici (65-70%) when tested in volatile assay. The results from the study suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens Y1 could be a biocontrol candidate to control fungal diseases in crops.